Guidelines for Peripheral Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of the Abdominal Aorta and Lower Extremity Vessels

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

Volumn 14, Issue 9 PART 2, 2003, Pages

  Pentecost, Michael J ^a   Criqui, Michael H ^a   Dorros, Gerald ^a   Goldstone, Jerry ^a   Johnston, K Wayne ^a   Martin, Eric C ^a   Ring, Ernest J ^a   Spies, James B ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 1542464080     PISSN: 10510443     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61267-6     Document Type: Article

References (201)

1. Rose G.A. The diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys. Bull WHO 27 (1962) 654-658
2. Isacsson S.O. Venous occlusion plethysmography in 55-year-old men: a population study in Malmö, Sweden. Acta Med Scand 537 suppl (1972) 1-62
3. Gyntelberg F. Physical fitness and coronary heart disease in male residents in Copenhagen aged 40-59. Dan Med Bull 20 (1973) 1-4
4. Reid D.D., Brett G.Z., Hamilton P.J., Jarret R.J., Keen H., and Rose G. Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middleaged male civil servants: a study of screening and intervention. Lancet 1 (1974) 469-473
5. Hughson W.G., Mann J.I., and Garrod A. Intermittent claudication: prevalence and risk factors. Br Med J 1 (1978) 1379-1381
6. De Backer G., Kornitzer M., Sobolski J., and Denolin H. Intermittent claudication- epidemiology and natural history. Acta Cardiol (Brux) 34 (1979) 115-124
7. Schroll M., and Munck O. Estimation of peripheral arteriosclerotic disease by ankle blood pressure measurements in a population study of 60-year-old men and women. J Chronic Dis 34 (1981) 261-269
8. Reunanen A., Takkunen H., and Aromaa A. Prevalence of intermittent claudication and its effect on mortality. Acta Med Scand 211 (1982) 249-256
9. Fowkes F.G., Housley E., Cawood E.H., Macintyre C.C., Ruckley C.V., and Prescott R.J. Edinburgh Artery Study: prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population. Int J Epidemiol 20 (1991) 384-392
10. Criqui M.H., Fronek A., Barrett-Connor E., Klauber M.R., Gabriel S., and Goodman D. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in a defined population. Circulation 71 (1985) 510-515
11. Criqui M.H. Peripheral arterial disease and subsequent cardiovascular mortality: a strong and consistent association. Circulation 82 (1990) 2246-2247
12. Criqui M.H., Fronek A., Klauber M.R., Barrett-Connor E., and Gabriel S. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of traditional clinical evaluation of peripheral arterial disease: results from noninvasive testing in a defined population. Circulation 71 (1985) 516-522
13. Kannel W.B., Skinner Jr. J.J., Schwartz M.J., and Shurtleff D. Intermittent claudication: incidence in the Framingham Study. Circulation 41 (1970) 875-883
14. Dormandy J., Mahir M., Ascady G., Balsano F., De Leeuw P., Blombery P., Bousser M.G., Clement D., Coffman J., Deutshinoff A., et al. Fate of the patient with chronic leg ischaemia. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 30 (1989) 50-57
15. Criqui M.H., Browner D., Fronek A., Klauber M.R., Coughlin S.S., Barrett-Connor E., and Gabriel S. Peripheral arterial disease in large vessels is epidemiologically distinct from small vessel disease: an analysis of risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 129 (1989) 1110-1119
16. Peabody C.N., Kannel W.B., and McNamara P.M. Intermittent claudication: surgical significance. Arch Surg 109 (1974) 693-697
17. Hughson W.G., Mann J.I., Tibbs D.J., Woods H.F., and Walton I. Intermittent claudication: factors determining outcome. Br Med J 1 (1978) 1377-1379
18. Criqui M.H., Coughlin S.S., and Fronek A. Noninvasively diagnosed peripheral arterial disease as a predictor of mortality: results from a prospective study. Circulation 72 (1985) 768-773
19. Criqui M.H., Langer R.D., Fronek A., Feigelson H.S., Klauber M.R., McCann T.J., and Browner D. Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med 326 (1992) 381-386
20. Gillum R.F. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease of the extremities in the United States: hospitalization and mortality. Am Heart J 120 (1990) 1414-1418
21. Tunis S.R., Bass E.B., and Steinberg E.P. The use of angioplasty, bypass surgery, and amputation in the management of peripheral vascular disease. N Engl J Med 325 (1991) 556-562
22. Coffman J.D. Intermittent claudication? Be conservative. N Engl J Med 325 (1991) 577-578
23. Veith F.J., Gupta S.K., Wengerter K.R., Goldsmith J., Rivers S.P., Bakal C.W., Dietzek A.M., Cynamon J., Sprayregen S., and Gliedman M.L. Changing arteriosclerotic disease patterns and management strategies in lower-limb-threatening ischemia. Ann Surg 212 (1990) 402-414
24. Dotter C.T., and Judkins M.P. Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction: description of a new technique and a preliminary report of its application. Circulation 30 (1964) 654-670
25. Staple T.W. Modified catheter for percutaneous transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstructions. Radiology 91 (1968) 1041-1043
26. van Andel G.J. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty?the Dotter procedure: a manual for the radiologist (1976), Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
27. Porstmann W. Ein neuer Korsett-Ballonkatheter zur transluminalen Rekanalisation nach Dotter unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Obliterationen an den Beckenarterien. Radiol Diagn (Berl) 14 (1973) 239-244
28. Grüntzig A., and Hopff H. Perkutane rekanalisation chronischer arterieller verschlüsse mit einem neuen dilatationskatheter. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 99 (1974) 2502-2510
29. Abele J.E. Balloon catheters and transluminal dilatation: technical considerations. AJR 135 (1980) 901-906
30. Grüntzig A., Kuhlmann U., Vetter W., Lütolf U., Meier B., and Siegenthaler W. Treatment of renovascular hypertension with percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a renal-artery stenosis. Lancet 1 (1978) 801-802
31. Grüntzig A. Transluminal dilatation of coronary-artery stenosis. Lancet 1 (1978) 263 Letter
32. Rutherford R.B. Standards for evaluating results of interventional therapy for peripheral vascular disease. Circulation 83 suppl I (1991) I-6-I-11
33. Rutherford R.B., and Becker G.J. Standards for evaluating and reporting the results of surgical and percutaneous therapy for peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2 (1991) 169-174
34. Rutherford R.B., Flanigan D.P., Gupta S.K., Johnston K.W., Karmody A., Whittemore A.D., Baker J.D., Ernst C.B., Jamieson C., and Mehta S. Suggested standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia. J Vasc Surg 4 (1986) 80-94
35. Johnston K.W., Rae M., Hogg-Johnston S.A., Colapinto R.F., Walker P.M., Baird R.J., Sniderman K.W., and Kalman P. Five-year results of a prospective study of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Ann Surg 206 (1987) 403-413
36. Capek P., McLean G.K., and Berkowitz H.D. Femoropopliteal angioplasty: factors influencing long-term success. Circulation 83 suppl I (1991) I-70-I-80
37. Adar R., Critchfield G.C., and Eddie D.M. A confidence profile analysis of the results of femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of lower-extremity ischemia. J Vasc Surg 10 (1989) 57-67
38. Becker G.J., Katzen B.T., and Dake M.D. Noncoronary angioplasty. Radiology 170 (1989) 921-940
39. Wilson S.E., Wolf G.L., and Cross A.P. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty versus operation for peripheral arteriosclerosis. J Vasc Surg 9 (1989) 1-9
40. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. JAMA 251 (1984) 764-768
41. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Ann Intern Med 99 (1983) 864-869
42. Grollman Jr. J.H., Del Vicario M., and Mittal A.K. Percutaneous transluminal abdominal aortic angioplasty. AJR 134 (1980) 1053-1054
43. Heeney D., Bookstein J., Daniels E., Warmath M., Horn J., and Rowley W. Transluminal angioplasty of the abdominal aorta. Radiology 148 (1983) 81-83
44. Hudon G., Bonan R., and Hebert Y. Abdominal aortic angioplasty: a case report with angiographic follow-up. J Can Assoc Radiol 33 (1982) 262-264
45. Velasquez G., Castaneda-Zuniga W., Formanek A., Zollikofer C., Barreto A., Nicoloff D., Amplatz K., and Sullivan A. Nonsurgical aortoplasty in Leriche syndrome. Radiology 134 (1980) 359-360
46. Charlebois N., Saint-Georges G., and Hudon G. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the lower abdominal aorta. AJR 146 (1986) 369-371
47. Berger T., Sörensen R., and Konrad J. Aortic rupture: a complication of transluminal angioplasty. AJR 146 (1986) 373-374
48. Tegtmeyer C.J., Kellum C.D., Kron I.L., and Mentzer Jr. R.M. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the region of the aortic bifurcation: the two-balloon technique with results and long-term follow-up study. Radiology 157 (1985) 661-665
49. Yakes W.F., Kumpe D.A., Brown S.B., Parker S.H., Lattes R.G., Cook P.S., Haas D.K., Gibson M.D., Hopper K.D., Reed M.D., Cox H.E., Bourne E.E., and Griffin D.J. Percutaneous transluminal aortic angioplasty: techniques and results. Radiology 172 (1989) 965-970
50. Neiman H.L., Bergan J.J., Yao J.S., Brandt T.D., Greenberg M., and O'Mara C.S. Hemodynamic assessment of transluminal angioplasty for lower extremity ischemia. Radiology 143 (1982) 639-643
51. Gallino A., Mahler F., Probst P., and Nachbur B. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the arteries of the lower limbs: a 5-year follow-up. Circulation 70 (1984) 619-623
52. Spence R.K., Freiman D.B., Gatenby R., Hobbs C.L., Barker C.F., Berkowitz H.D., Roberts B., McClean G., Oleaga J., and Ring E.J. Long-term results of transluminal angioplasty of the iliac and femoral arteries. Arch Surg 116 (1981) 1377-1386
53. Morin J.F., Johnston K.W., Wasserman L., and Andrews D. Factors that determine the long-term results of percutaneous transluminal dilatation for peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 4 (1986) 68-72
54. Waltman A.C. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: iliac and deep femoral arteries. AJR 135 (1980) 921-925
55. Waltman A.C., Greenfield A.J., Novelline R.A., Abbott W.M., Brewster D.C., Darling R.C., Moncure A.C., Ottinger L.W., and Athanasoulis C.A. Transluminal angioplasty of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries: current status. Arch Surg 117 (1982) 1218-1221
56. Kaufman S.L., Barth K.H., Kadir S., Williams G.M., Smith G.W., Stonesifer Jr. G.L., Leand P.M., Adams P.E., Wenham F., and White Jr. R.I. Hemodynamic measurements in the evaluation and follow-up of transluminal angioplasty of the iliac and femoral arteries. Radiology 142 (1982) 329-336
57. Kadir S., White Jr. R.I., Kaufman S.L., Barth K.H., Williams G.M., Burdick J.F., O'Mara C.S., Smith G.W., Stonesifer Jr. G.L., Ernst C.B., and Minken S.L. Long-term results of aortoiliac angioplasty. Surgery 94 (1983) 10-14
58. van Andel G.J. Transluminal iliac angioplasty: long-term results. Radiology 135 (1980) 607-611
59. Fradet G., Lidstone D., Herba M., Chiu R.C., and Blundell P.E. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of iliac arteries: the importance of functional studies. Can J Surg 27 (1984) 359-361
60. Motarjeme A., Keifer J.W., and Zuska A.J. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac arteries: 66 experiences. AJR 135 (1980) 937-944
61. Rush D.S., Gewertz B.L., Lu C.T., Ball D.G., and Zarins C.K. Limb salvage in poor-risk patients using transluminal angioplasty. Arch Surg 118 (1983) 1209-1212
62. Colapinto R.F., Harries-Jones E.P., and Johnston K.W. Percutaneous transluminal recanalization of complete iliac artery occlusions. Arch Surg 116 (1981) 277-281
63. Tegtmeyer C.J., Hartwell G.D., Selby J.B., Robertson Jr. R., Kron I.L., and Tribble C.J. Results and complications of angioplasty in aortoiliac disease. Circulation 83 suppl I (1991) I-53-I-60
64. Martin E.C. Transcatheter therapies in peripheral and noncoronary vascular disease: introduction. Circulation 83 suppl I (1991) I-1-I-5
65. Morgenstern B.R., Getrajdman G.I., Laffey K.J., Bixon R., and Martin E.C. Total occlusions of the femoropopliteal artery: high technical success rate of conventional balloon angioplasty. Radiology 172 (1989) 937-940
66. Murray Jr. R.R., Hewes R.C., White Jr. R.I., Mitchell S.E., Auster M., Chang R., Kadir S., Kinnison M.L., and Kaufman S.L. Long-segment femoropopliteal stenoses: is angioplasty a boon or a bust?. Radiology 162 (1987) 473-476
67. Lu C.T., Zarins C.K., Yang C.F., and Sottiurai V. Long-segment arterial occlusion: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AJR 138 (1982) 119-122
68. Greenfield A.J. Femoral, popliteal, and tibial arteries: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AJR 135 (1980) 927-935
69. Tamura S., Sniderman K.W., Beinart C., and Sos T.A. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the popliteal artery and its branches. Radiology 143 (1982) 645-648
70. Zarins C.K., Lu C.T., McDonnell A.E., and Whitehouse Jr. W.M. Limb salvage by percutaneous transluminal recanalization of the occluded superficial femoral artery. Surgery 87 (1980) 701-708
71. Hewes R.C., White Jr. R.I., Murray R.R., Kaufman S.L., Chang R., Kadir S., Kinnison M.L., Mitchell S.E., and Auster M. Long-term results of superficial femoral artery angioplasty. AJR 146 (1986) 1025-1029
72. Martin E.C., Fankuchen E.I., Karlson K.B., Dolgin C., Collins R.H., Voorhees Jr. A.B., and Casarella W.J. Angioplasty for femoral artery occlusion: comparison with surgery. AJR 137 (1981) 915-919
73. Krepel V.M., van Andel G.J., van Erp W.F., and Breslau P.J. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal artery: initial and long-term results. Radiology 156 (1985) 325-328
74. Schwarten D.E., and Cutcliff W.B. Arterial occlusive disease below the knee: treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty performed with low-profile catheters and steerable guide wires. Radiology 169 (1988) 71-74
75. Bakal C.W., Sprayregen S., Scheinbaum K., Cynamon J., and Veith F.J. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the infrapopliteal arteries: results in 53 patients. AJR 154 (1990) 171-174
76. Waller B.F., Pinkerton C.A., Orr C.M., Slack J.D., VanTassel J.W., and Peters T. Morphological observations late (greater than 30 days) after clinically successful coronary balloon angioplasty. Circulation 83 suppl I (1991) I-28-I-41
77. Gardiner Jr. G.A., Meyerovitz M.F., Stokes K.R., Clouse M.E., Harrington D.P., and Bettmann M.A. Complications of transluminal angioplasty. Radiology 159 (1986) 201-208
78. Becker G.J. Intravascular stents: general principles and status of lower-extremity arterial applications. Circulation 83 suppl I (1991) I-122-I-136
79. Stoney R.J., and String S.T. Recurrent carotid stenosis. Surgery 80 (1976) 705-710
80. Essed C.E., Van den Brand M., and Becker A.E. Transluminal coronary angioplasty and early restenosis: fibrocellular occlusion after wall laceration. Br Heart J 49 (1983) 393-396
81. Ip J.H., Fuster V., Badimon L., Badimon J., Taubman M.B., and Chesebro J.H. Syndromes of accelerated atherosclerosis: role of vascular injury and smooth muscle cell proliferation. J Am Coll Cardiol 15 (1990) 1667-1687
82. Hirshfeld Jr. J.W., Schwartz J.S., Jugo R., MacDonald R.G., Goldberg S., Savage M.P., Bass T.A., Vetrovec G., Cowley M., Taussig A.S., Whitworth H.B., Margolis J.R., Hill J.A., and Pepine C.J. Restenosis after coronary angioplasty: a multivariate statistical model to relate lesion and procedure variables to restenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 18 (1991) 647-656
83. Stein B., Fuster V., Israel D.H., Cohen M., Badimon L., Badimon J.J., and Chesebro J.H. Platelet inhibitor agents in cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol 14 (1989) 813-836
84. Dehmer G.J., Popma J.J., van den Berg E.K., Eichhorn E.J., Prewitt J.B., Campbell W.B., Jennings L., Willerson J.T., and Schmitz J.M. Reduction in the rate of early restenosis after coronary angioplasty by a diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids. N Engl J Med 319 (1988) 733-740
85. Knudtson M.L., Flintoft V.F., Roth D.L., Hansen J.L., and Duff H.J. Effect of shortterm prostacyclin administration on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 15 (1990) 691-697
86. Bollinger A. Funktionelle Angiologie (1979), Thieme, Stuttgart, Germany 57-84
87. Radack K., and Wyderski R.J. Conservative management of intermittent claudication. Ann Intern Med 113 (1990) 135-146
88. Kannel W.B., and McGee D.L. Update on some epidemiologic features of intermittent claudication: the Framingham Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 33 (1985) 13-18
89. Widmer L.K., Greensher A., and Kannel W.B. Occlusion of peripheral arteries: a study of 6400 working subjects. Circulation 30 (1964) 836-842
90. Imparato A.M., Kim G.E., Davidson T., et al. Intermittent claudication: its natural course. Surgery 78 (1975) 795-799
91. McDaniel M.D., and Cronenwett J.L. Basic data related to the natural history of intermittent claudication. Ann Vasc Surg 3 (1989) 273-277
92. Cronenwett J.L., Warner K.G., Zelenock G.B., Whitehouse Jr. W.M., Graham L.M., Lindenauer M., and Stanley J.C. Intermittent claudication: current results of nonoperative management. Arch Surg 119 (1984) 430-436
93. Couch N.P. On the arterial consequences of smoking. J Vasc Surg 3 (1986) 807-812
94. Krupski W.C., and Rapp J.H. Smoking and atherosclerosis. Perspect Vasc Surg 1 (1989) 103-134
95. Quick C.R., and Cotton L.T. The measured effect of stopping smoking on intermittent claudication. Br J Surg 69 suppl (1982) S24-S26
96. Provan J.L., Sojka S.G., Murnaghan J.J., and Jaun Kalns R. The effect of cigarette smoking on the long term success rates of aortofemoral and femoropopliteal reconstructions. Surg Gynecol Obstet 165 (1987) 49-52
97. Hiatt W.R., Regensteiner J.G., Hargarten M.E., Wolfel E.E., and Brass E.P. Benefit of exercise conditioning for patients with peripheral arterial disease. Circulation 81 (1990) 602-609
98. Lundgren F., Dahllöf A.G., Lundholm K., Scherstén T., and Volkmann R. Intermittent claudication-surgical reconstruction or physical training? A prospective randomized trial of treatment efficiency. Ann Surg 209 (1989) 346-355
99. Clifford P.C., Davies P.W., Hayne J.A., and Baird R.N. Intermittent claudication: is a supervised exercise class worth while?. Br Med J 280 (1980) 1503-1505
100. Carter S.A., Hamel E.R., Paterson J.M., Snow C.J., and Mymin D. Walking ability and ankle systolic pressures: observations in patients with intermittent claudication in a short-term walking exercise program. J Vasc Surg 10 (1989) 642-649
101. Accetto B. Beneficial hemorheologic therapy of chronic peripheral arterial disorders with pentoxifylline: results of double-blind study versus vasodilatornylidrin. Am Heart J 103 (1982) 864-869
102. Brevetti G., Chiariello M., Ferulano G., Policicchio A., Nevola E., Rossini A., Attisano T., Ambrosio G., Siliprandi N., and Angelini C. Increases in walking distance in patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with L-carnitine: a doubleblind, cross-over study. Circulation 77 (1988) 767-773
103. Clarke R., Daly L., Robinson K., Naughten E., Cahalane S., Fowler B., and Graham I. Hyperhomocysteinemia: an independent risk factor for vascular disease. N Engl J Med 324 (1991) 1149-1155
104. Malinow M.R., Kang S.S., Taylor L.M., Wong P.W., Coull B., Inahara T., Mukerjee D., Sexton G., and Upson B. Prevalence of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Circulation 79 (1989) 1180-1188
105. Ahn S.S., Rutherford R.B., Becker G.J., Comerota A.J., Johnston K.W., McLean G.K., Seeger J.M., String S.T., White R.A., Whittemore A.D., and Zarins C.K. Society for Vascular Surgery/International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. Reporting standards for lower extremity arterial endovascular procedures. J Vasc Surg 17 (1993) 1103-1107
106. Standards of Practice Committee of the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. Guidelines for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Radiology 177 (1990) 619-626
107. Tadavarthy A.K., Sullivan Jr. W.A., Nicoloff D., Castaneda-Zuniga W.R., Hunter D.W., and Amplatz K. Aorta balloon angioplasty: 9-year follow-up. Radiology 170 (1989) 1039-1041
108. Ravimandalam K., Rao V.R., Kumar S., Gupta A.K., Joseph S., Unni M., and Rao A.S. Obstruction of the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta: results of treatment with balloon angioplasty. AJR 156 (1991) 1257-1260
109. Rooke T.W., Stanson A.W., Johnson C.M., Sheedy II P.F., Miller W.E., Hollier L.H., and Osmundson P.J. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the lower extremities: a 5-year experience. Mayo Clin Proc 62 (1987) 85-91
110. Johnston K.W. Aortoiliac disease treatment: a surgical comment. Circulation 83 suppl I (1991) I-61-I-62
111. Brothers T.E., and Greenfield L.J. Long-term results of aortoiliac reconstruction. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1 (1990) 49-55
112. Kwasnik E.M., Siouffi S.Y., Jay M.E., and Khuri S.F. Comparative results of angioplasty and aortofemoral bypass in patients with symptomatic iliac disease. Arch Surg 122 (1987) 288-291
113. Cambria R.P., Faust G., Gusberg R., Tilson M.D., Zucker K.A., and Modlin I.M. Percutaneous angioplasty for peripheral arterial occlusive disease: correlates of clinical success. Arch Surg 122 (1987) 283-287
114. Stokes K.R., Strunk H.M., Campbell D.R., Gibbons G.W., Wheeler H.G., and Clouse M.E. Five-year results of iliac and femoropopliteal angioplasty in diabetic patients. Radiology 174 (1990) 977-982
115. Ring E.J., Freiman D.B., McLean G.K., and Schwarz W. Percutaneous recanalization of common iliac artery occlusions: an unacceptable complication rate?. AJR 139 (1982) 587-589
116. Colapinto R.F., Stronell R.D., and Johnston W.K. Transluminal angioplasty of complete iliac obstructions. AJR 146 (1986) 859-862
117. Bylsma P. Recanalization and direct dilatation of total iliac occlusions: a 3-year followup. Presented at the International Symposium on peripheral vascular intervention, January 1989, Miami, Fla.
118. Rubinstein Z.J., Morag B., Peer A., Bass A., and Schneiderman J. Percutaneous transluminal recanalization of common iliac artery occlusions. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 10 (1987) 16-20
119. Kumpe D.A., Zwerdlinger S., and Griffin D.J. Blue digit syndrome: treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Radiology 166 (1988) 37-44
120. Brewer M.L., Kinnison M.L., Perler B.A., and White Jr. R.I. Blue toe syndrome: treatment with anticoagulants and delayed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Radiology 166 (1988) 31-36
121. Jeans W.D., Armstrong S., Cole S.E., Horrocks M., and Baird R.N. Fate of patients undergoing transluminal angioplasty for lower-limb ischemia. Radiology 177 (1990) 559-564
122. Glover J.L., Bendick P.J., Dilley R.S., Becker G.J., Richmond B.C., Yune H.Y., and Holden R.W. Balloon catheter dilation for limb salvage. Arch Surg 118 (1983) 557-560
123. Rush D.S., Gewertz B.L., Lu C.T., Ball D.G., and Zarins C.K. Limb salvage in poor-risk patients using transluminal angioplasty. Arch Surg 118 (1983) 1209-1212
124. Taylor Jr. L.M., and Porter J.M. Clinical and anatomic considerations for surgery in femoropopliteal disease and the results of surgery. Circulation 83 suppl I (1991) I-63-I-69
125. Rafferty T.D., Avellone J.C., Farrell C.J., Hertzer N.R., Plecha F.R., Rhodes R.S., Sharp W.V., and Rogers J.M. A metropolitan experience with infrainguinal revascularization: operative risk and late results in northeastern Ohio. J Vasc Surg 6 (1987) 365-371
126. Schlenker J.D., and Wolkoff J.S. Major amputations after femoropopliteal bypass procedures. Am J Surg 129 (1975) 485-489
127. Sprayregen S., Sniderman K.W., Sos T.A., Vieux U., Singer A., and Veith F.J. Popliteal artery branches: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AJR 135 (1980) 945-950
128. Brown K.T., Schoenberg N.Y., Moore E.D., and Saddekni S. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of infrapopliteal vessels: preliminary results and technical considerations. Radiology 169 (1988) 75-78
129. Horvath W., Oertl M., and Haidinger D. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of crural arteries. Radiology 177 (1990) 565-569
130. Berkowitz H.D., and Greenstein S.M. Improved patency in reversed femoral-infrapopliteal autogenous vein grafts by early detection and treatment of the failing graft. J Vasc Surg 5 (1987) 755-761
131. Sniderman K.W., Kalman P.G., Shewchun J., and Goldberg R.E. Lower-extremity in situ saphenous vein grafts: angiographic interventions. Radiology 170 (1989) 1023-1027
132. Kadir S., Smith G.W., White Jr. R.I., Kaufman S.L., Barth K.H., Williams G.M., O'Mara C.S., and Burdick J.F. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as an adjunct to the surgical management of peripheral vascular disease. Ann Surg 195 (1982) 786-795
133. Becker G.J., Wenker J.C., Rees C.R., Reilly M.K., Bendick P.J., and Cockerill E.M. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and valvectomy in a failing in situ saphenous graft. Radiology 159 (1986) 431-433
134. Greenspan B., Pillari G., Schulman M.L., and Badhey M. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of stenotic deep vein arterial bypass grafts. Arch Surg 120 (1985) 492-495
135. Alpert J.R., Ring E.J., Berkowitz H.D., Freiman D.B., Oleaga J.A., Gordon R., and Roberts B. Treatment of vein graft stenosis by balloon catheter dilation. JAMA 242 (1979) 2769-2771
136. Mitchell S.E., Kadir S., Kaufman S.L., Chang R., Williams G.M., Kan J.S., and White Jr. R.I. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of aortic graft stenoses. Radiology 149 (1983) 439-444
137. Perler B.A., Osterman F.A., Mitchell S.E., Burdick J.F., and Williams G.M. Balloon dilatation versus surgical revision of infrainguinal autogenous vein graft stenoses: long-term follow-up. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 31 (1990) 656-661
138. Whittemore A.D., Donaldson M.C., Polak J.F., and Mannick J.A. Limitations of balloon angioplasty for vein graft stenosis. J Vasc Surg 14 (1991) 340-345
139. Casarella W.J. Noncoronary angioplasty. Curr Probl Cardiol 11 (1986) 141-174
140. Schwarten D.E. Transluminal angioplasty: overview of complications and long-term results. AJR 144 (1985) 53-57
141. Lemarbre L., Hudon G., Coche G., and Bourassa M.G. Outpatient peripheral angioplasty: survey of complications and patients' perceptions. AJR 148 (1987) 1239-1242
142. Simonetti G., Rossi P., Passariello R., Faraglia V., Spartera C., Pistolese R., and Fiorani P. Iliac artery rupture: a complication of transluminal angioplasty. AJR 140 (1983) 989-990
143. Lois J.F., Takiff H., Schechter M.S., Gomes A.S., and Machleder H.I. Vessel rupture by balloon catheters complicating chronic steroid therapy. AJR 144 (1985) 1073-1074
144. Weibull H., Bergqvist D., Jonsson K., Karlsson S., and Takolander R. Complications after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries. J Vasc Surg 5 (1987) 681-686
145. Bergqvist D., Jonsson K., and Weibull H. Complications after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of peripheral and renal arteries. Acta Radiol 28 (1987) 3-12
146. Beck A., Egheoni G.C., Milic S., and Spagnoli A.M. The long-term effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, local catheter-lysis and stent-implantation. Clin Ter 131 (1989) 149-164
147. Morin J.F., Johnston K.W., and Rae M. Improvement after successful percutaneous transluminal dilation treatment of occlusive peripheral arterial disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 163 (1986) 453-457
148. Samson R.H., Sprayregen S., Veith F.J., Scher L.A., Gupta S.K., and Ascer E. Management of angioplasty complications, unsuccessful procedures and early and late failures. Ann Surg 199 (1984) 234-240
149. Grüntzig A., and Kumpe D.A. Technique of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with the Gruntzig balloon catheter. AJR 132 (1979) 547-552
150. O'Mara C.S., Neiman H.L., Flinn W.R., Herman R.J., Yao J.S., and Bergan J.J. Hemodynamic assessment of transluminal angioplasty for lower extremity ischemia. Surgery 89 (1981) 106-117
151. van Andel G.J. Review of the results of the Dotter procedure. In: Zeitler E., Grüntzig A., and Schoop W. (Eds). Percutaneous Vascular Recanalization (1978), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany 91-95
152. Schoop W., Levy H., and Cappius G. Early and late results of PTD in iliac stenosis. In: Zeitler E., Grüntzig A., and Schoop W. (Eds). Percutaneous Vascular Recanalization (1978), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany 111-117
153. Schwarten D.E. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac arteries: intravenous digital subtraction angiography for follow-up. Radiology 150 (1984) 363-367
154. Kumpe D.A., and Jones D.N. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: radiologic viewpoint. Appl Radiol 11 (1982) 29-40
155. Gallino A., Mahler F., Probst P., and Nachbur B. Frühund Spätergebnisse bei 250 perkutanen transluminalen dilatationen an den unteren extremitäten. Vasa 11 (1982) 319-321
156. Baird R.J., Feldman P., Miles J.T., Madras P.M., and Gurry J.F. Subsequent downstream repair after aorta-iliac and aortafemoral bypass operations. Surgery 82 (1977) 785-793
157. Baird R.J. Techniques and results of arterial prosthetic bypass for aortoiliac occlusive disease. Can J Surg 25 (1982) 476-478
158. Crawford E.S., Bomberger R.A., Glaeser D.H., Saleh S.A., and Russel W.L. Aortoiliac occlusive disease: factors influencing survival and function following reconstructive operation over a twenty-fiveyear period. Surgery 90 (1981) 1055-1067
159. Brewster D.C., and Darling R.C. Optimal methods of aortoiliac reconstruction. Surgery 84 (1978) 739-748
160. Malone J.M., Moore W.S., and Goldstone J. The natural history of bilateral aortofemoral bypass grafts for ischemia of the lower extremities. Arch Surg 110 (1975) 1300-1306
161. Martinez B.D., Hertzer N.R., and Beven E.G. Influence of distal arterial occlusive disease on prognosis following aortobifemoral bypass. Surgery 88 (1980) 795-805
162. Szilagyi D.E., Elliott Jr. J.P., Smith R.F., Reddy D.J., and McPharlin M. A thirty-year survey of the reconstructive surgical treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 3 (1986) 421-436
163. Naylor A.R., Ah-See A.K., and Engeset J. Graft occlusion following aortofemoral bypass for peripheral ischaemia. Br J Surg 76 (1989) 572-575
164. Sladen J.G., Gilmour J.L., and Wong R.W. Cumulative patency and actual palliation in patients with claudication after aortofemoral bypass: prospective long-term follow-up of 100 patients. Am J Surg 152 (1986) 190-195
165. Hertzer N.R., Avellone J.C., Farrell C.J., Plecha F.R., Rhodes R.S., Sharp W.V., and Wright G.F. The risk of vascular surgery in a metropolitan community: with observations on surgeon experience and hospital size. J Vasc Surg 1 (1984) 13-21
166. Harris P.L., Bigley D.J., and McSweeney L. Aortofemoral bypass and the role of concomitant femorodistal reconstruction. Br J Surg 72 (1985) 317-320
167. Piotrowski J.J., Pearce W.H., Jones D.N., Whitehill T., Bell R., Patt A., and Rutherford R.B. Aortobifemoral bypass: the operation of choice for unilateral iliac occlusion?. J Vasc Surg 8 (1988) 211-218
168. Rutherford R.B., Jones D.N., Martin M.S., Kempczinski R.F., and Gordon R.D. Serial hemodynamic assessment of aortobifemoral bypass. J Vasc Surg 4 (1986) 428-435
169. Mellière D., Labastie J., Becquemin J.P., Kassab M., and Paris E. Proximal anastomosis in aortobifemoral bypass: end-to-end or end-to-side?. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 31 (1990) 77-80
170. Brewster D.C., Perler B.A., Robison J.G., and Darling R.C. Aortofemoral graft for multilevel occlusive disease: predictors of success and need for distal bypass. Arch Surg 117 (1982) 1593-1600
171. Malone J.M., Goldstone J., and Moore W.S. Autogenous profundaplasty: the key to long-term patency in secondary repair of aortofemoral graft occlusion. Ann Surg 188 (1978) 817-823
172. Pietri P., Pancrazio F., Adovasio R., Sichel L., Campanelli G., and Briganti Piccoli F. Long term results of extra anatomical bypasses. Int Angiol 6 (1987) 429-433
173. Lüdtke-Handjery A., Schümann L., Gref H., Debbert R., and Krüger B. Are axillofemoral bypass grafts worthwhile? a 10-year review. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 31 (1983) 76-80
174. Kalman P.G., Hosang M., Cina C., Johnston K.W., Ameli F.M., Walker P.M., and Provan J.L. Current indications for axillounifemoral and axillobifemoral bypass grafts. J Vasc Surg 5 (1987) 828-832
175. Sauvage L.R. Advances in the development of grafts for bypass of small-caliber arteries. World J Surg 12 (1988) 732-741
176. Burrell M.J., Wheeler J.R., Gregory R.T., Snyder Jr. S.O., Gayle R.G., and Mason M.S. Axillofemoral bypass: a ten-year review. Ann Surg 195 (1982) 796-799
177. Donaldson M.C., Louras J.C., and Bucknam C.A. Axillofemoral bypass: a tool with a limited role. J Vasc Surg 3 (1986) 757-763
178. Savrin R.A., Record G.T., and McDowell D.E. Axillofemoral bypass: expectations and results. Arch Surg 121 (1986) 1016-1020
179. Couch N.P., Clowes A.W., Whittemore A.D., Lombara J.A., Henderson B.A., and Mannick J.A. The iliac-origin arterial graft: a useful alternative for iliac occlusive disease. Surgery 97 (1985) 83-87
180. Kalman P.G., Hosang M., Johnston K.W., and Walker P.M. Unilateral iliac disease: the role of iliofemoral bypass. J Vasc Surg 6 (1987) 139-143
181. Plecha F.R., and Plecha F.M. Femorofemoral bypass grafts: ten-year experience. J Vasc Surg 1 (1984) 555-561
182. Kretschmer G., Niederle B., Schemper M., and Polterauer P. Extra-anatomic femorofemoral crossover bypass (FF) vs. unilateral orthotopic ilio-femoral bypass (IF): an attempt to compare results based on data matching. Eur J Vasc Surg 5 (1991) 75-82
183. Hanafy M., and McLoughlin G.A. Comparison of iliofemoral and femorofemoral crossover bypass in the treatment of unilateral iliac arterial occlusive disease. Br J Surg 78 (1991) 1001-1002
184. Ellenby M.I., Sawchuk A.P., Schwarcz T.H., Meyer J.P., Montalvo J., Flanigan D.P., and Schuler J.J. A nine-year experience with crossover femoro-femoro-popliteal sequential bypass. Am J Surg 161 (1991) 673-676
185. Kalman P.G., Hosang M., Johnston K.W., and Walker P.M. The current role for femoro-femoral bypass. J Vasc Surg 6 (1987) 71-76
186. Johnston K.W. Femoral and popliteal arteries: reanalysis of results of balloon angioplasty. Radiology 183 (1992) 767-771
187. Jørgensen B., Tønnesen K.H., and Holstein P. Late hemodynamic failure following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for long and multifocal femoropopliteal stenoses. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 14 (1991) 290-292
188. Jørgensen B., Meisner S., Holstein P., and Tønnesen K.H. Early rethrombosis in femoropopliteal occlusions treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Eur J Vasc Surg 4 (1990) 149-152
189. Blair J.M., Gewertz B.L., Moosa H., Lu C.T., and Zarins C.K. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty versus surgery for limbthreatening ischemia. J Vasc Surg 9 (1989) 698-703
190. Henriksen L.O., Jørgensen B., Holstein P.E., Tønnesen K.H., Karle A., and Sager P. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of infrarenal arteries in intermittent claudication. Acta Chir Scand 154 (1988) 573-576
191. Ricotta J.J., and DeWeese J.A. Femoropopliteal-tibial bypass grafting using the reversed autogenous saphenous vein. In: Kempczinski R.F. (Ed). The Ischemic Leg Chicago, Ill (1985), Year Book Medical Publishers 375-403
192. Veith F.J., Gupta S.K., Ascer E., White-Flores S., Samson R.H., Scher L.A., Towne J.B., Bernhard V.M., Bonier P., Flinn W.R., et al. Six-year prospective multicenter randomized comparison of autologous saphenous vein and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in infrainguinal arterial reconstructions. J Vasc Surg 3 (1986) 104-114
193. Taylor Jr. L.M., Edwards J.M., and Porter J.M. Present status of reversed vein bypass grafting: five-year results of a modern series. J Vasc Surg 11 (1990) 193-205
194. Bandyk D.F., Kaebnick H.W., Stewart G.W., and Towne J.B. Durability of the in situ saphenous vein arterial bypass: a comparison of primary and secondary patency. J Vasc Surg 5 (1987) 256-268
195. Leather R.P., Shah D.M., Chang B.B., and Kaufman J.L. Resurrection of the in situ saphenous vein bypass: 1000 cases later. Ann Surg 208 (1988) 435-442
196. Donaldson M.C., Mannick J.A., and Whittemore A.D. Femoral-distal bypass with in situ greater saphenous vein: longterm results using the Mills valvulotome. Ann Surg 213 (1991) 457-464
197. Z'graggen K., Inderbitzi R., Krebs T., and Stirnemann P. The value of suprageniculate femoro-popliteal polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis in surgical treatment of chronic arterial occlusive disease. Vasa 19 (1990) 311-314
198. Rosen R.C., Johnson W.C., Bush Jr. H.L., Cho S.I., O'Hara E.T., and Nabseth D.C. Staged infrainguinal revascularization: initial prosthetic above-knee bypass followed by a distal vein bypass for recurrent ischemia: a valid concept for extending limb salvage?. Am J Surg 152 (1986) 224-230
199. Sterpetti A.V., Schultz R.D., Feldhaus R.J., and Peetz Jr. D.J. Seven-year experience with polytetrafluoroethylene as aboveknee femoropopliteal bypass graft: is it worthwhile to preserve the autologous saphenous vein?. J Vasc Surg 2 (1985) 907-912
200. Rosenthal D., Evans R.D., McKinsey J., Seagraves M.A., Lamis P.A., Clark M.D., and Daniel W.W. Prosthetic above-knee femoropopliteal bypass for intermittent claudication. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 31 (1990) 462-468
201. Quiones-Baldrich W.J., Prego A., UcelayGomez R., Vescera C.L., and Moore W.S. Failure of PTFE infrainguinal revascularization: patterns, management alternatives, and outcome. Ann Vasc Surg 5 (1991) 163-169