Rationale for New Oral Contraceptive Dosing

International Journal of Fertility and Women's Medicine

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 30-35

  Williams, J Kell ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Desogestrel; Drospirenone; Estrogen; Norgestimate; Progestagen(s); Progestins; Side effects

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; DESOGESTREL; DROSPIRENONE; ESTROGEN; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; GESTAGEN; MESTRANOL; NANDROLONE; NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; NORGESTIMATE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

ACNE; ANDROGENESIS; BREAKTHROUGH BLEEDING; BREAST TENDERNESS; CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; EDEMA; FEMALE; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HEADACHE; HIRSUTISM; HUMAN; HYPERKALEMIA; LIPID METABOLISM; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUNG EMBOLISM; MASTALGIA; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; NAUSEA; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SIDE EFFECT; SMOKING; SPOTTING; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL; WEIGHT GAIN;

CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, COMBINED; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, HORMONAL; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, SYNTHETIC; DESOGESTREL; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; EUROPE; FEMALE; HUMANS; NORGESTREL; PROGESTINS; QUALITY ASSURANCE, HEALTH CARE; UNITED STATES; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 1542409980     PISSN: 1534892X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (27)

1. Oral contraceptives - an update. Popul Rep 28:1-31, 2000.
2. Inman WH, Vessey MP, Westerholm B, et al: Thromboembolic disease and the steroidal content of oral contraceptives. A report to the Committee on Safety of Drugs. Br Med J 2:203-209, 1970.
3. a. Weiss NB, Sayvetz TA: Incidence of endometrial cancer in relation to the use of oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med 302:551-554, 1980.
4. Royal College of General Practitioners: Oral contraceptives and thrombo-embolic disease. J R Coll Gen Practice 13:267-279, 1967.
5. Inman WH, Vessey MP: Investigation of deaths from pulmonary, coronary, and cerebral thrombosis and embolism in women of child-bearing age. Br Med J 2:193-199, 1968.
6. Vessey MP, Doll R: Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. Br Med J 2:199-205, 1968.
7. Royal College of General Practitioners: Thromboembolism and oral contraceptives. Br Med J 1:213-215, 1974.
8. Bottiger LE, Boman G, Eklund G, et al: Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease: effects of lowering oestrogen content. Lancet 1:1097-1101, 1980.
9. Meade TW, Greenberg G, Thompson SG: Progestogens and cardiovascular reactions associated with oral contraceptives and a comparison of safety of 50- and 30-microgram oestrogen preparations. Br Med J 280:1157-1161, 1980.
10. Rosenberg MJ, Waugh MS: Oral contraceptive discontinuation: a prospective evaluation of frequency and reasons. Am J Obstet Gynecol 179:577-582, 1998.
11. Ortho Birth Control Survey, Raritan, NJ, 1999.
12. Appel TB, Kambi AA, Birdsall C, et al: A comparison of a new graduated estrogen formulation with three constant-dosed oral contraceptives. Contraception 35:523-532, 1987.
13. Del Conte A, Loffer F, Grubb GS: Cycle control with oral contraceptives containing 20 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol. A multicenter, randomized comparison of levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol (100 micrograms/20 micrograms) and norethindrone/ethinyl estradiol (1000 micrograms/20 micrograms). Contraception 59:187-193, 1999.
14. Rosenberg MJ, Meyers A, Roy V.: Efficacy, cycle control, and side effects of low- and lower-dose oral contraceptives: a randomized trial of 20 micrograms and 35 micrograms estrogen preparations. Contraception 60:321-329, 1999.
15. Jick H, Kaye JA, Vasilakis-Scaramozza C, et al: Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: cohort and case-control analysis. Br Med J 321:1190-1195, 2000.
16. Kaunitz AM: Efficacy, cycle control, and safety of two triphasic oral contraceptives: Cyclessa (desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol) and Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 (norethindrone/ethinyl estradiol): a randomized clinical trial. Contraception 61:295-302, 2000.
17. Corson SL: Norgestimate. Clin Obstet Gynecol 38:841-848,1995.
18. Hampton RM, Short M, Bieber E, et al: Comparison of a novel norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol oral contraceptive (Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo) with the Oral Contraceptive Loestrin Fe 1/20. Contraception 63:289-295, 2001.
19. NDA 19-697. Ortho Tri-Cyclen
20. Muhn P, Fuhrmann U, Fritzmeier KH, et al: Drospirenone: a novel progestogen with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 761:311-335, 1995.
21. Foidart JM, Wuttke W, Bouw GM, et al: A comparative investigation of contraceptive reliability, cycle control and tolerability of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing either drospirenone or desogestrel. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 5:124-134, 2000.
22. Parsey KS, Pong A: An open-label, multicenter study to evaluate Yasmin, a low-dose combination oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, a new progestin. Contraception 61:105-111, 2000.
23. Freeman EW: Evaluation of a unique oral contraceptive (Yasmin) in the management of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 7:27-34, 2002.
24. Freeman EW, Kroll R, Rapkin A, et al: Evaluation of a unique oral contraceptive in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 10:561-569, 2001.
25. Boschitsch E, Skarabis H, Wuttke W, et al: The acceptability of a novel contraceptive containing drospirenone and its effect on well-being. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 5:43-40, 2000.
26. Sheldon T: Dutch GPs warned against new contraceptive pill. Br Med J 324:869, 2002.
27. Holt VL: Body weight and the risk of oral contraceptive failure. Obstet Gynecol 99:820-827, 2002.