The clinical confusion about delirium;Delirium: La confusión de los clínicos

Revista Medica de Chile

Volumn 131, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 1051-1060

  González T, Matías ^a,b,c   De Pablo R, Joan ^a,d   Valdés M, Manuel ^c  

^a HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^b Rheumatology Service   (Chile)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^d Ministerio Asuntos Exteriores ^*  (Spain)

Author keywords

Brain diseases; Delirium, dementia, amnestic, cognitive disorders; Frail elderly

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; HALOPERIDOL; LORAZEPAM; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; RISPERIDONE;

ACCURACY; CONFUSION; DELIRIUM; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MENTAL DISEASE; METHODOLOGY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; RATING SCALE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; AGED; FRAIL ELDERLY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DELIRIUM; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FRAIL ELDERLY; HUMANS;

EID: 1542396136     PISSN: 00349887     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. LIPOWSKI ZJ. Delirium: Acute Confusional States. New York, Oxford University Press, 1990.
2. FOLSTEIN MF, BASSETT SS, ROMANOSKI AJ, NESTADT G. The epidemiology of delirium in the community: the eastern Baltimore mental survey, in International Psychogeriatrics. Edited by Miller NE, Lipowski ZJ, Lebowitz BD. New York, Springer, 1991; 169-76.
3. LIPOWSKI ZJ. Update of Delirium. Psychiatr Clini North Am 1992; 15: 335-46.
4. DSM IV TR. Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. Ed Barcelona Madrid Masson cop. 2002.
5. CIE-10. Trastornos mentales y del comportamiento: Criterios diagnósticos de investigación. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 1993
6. INOUYE SK. The dilemma of delirium: clinical and research controversies regarding diagnosis and evaluation of delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients. Am J Med 1994; 97: 278-88.
7. TRZPACS PT. Update on the neuropathogenesis of delirium. Dement and geriat cogn 1999; 10: 330-4.
8. MEAGHER JM. Delirium: optimizing management. BMJ 2001; 322: 144-50.
9. a ed. Washington DC. The American Psychiatric Publishing 2002.
10. FLEMINGER S. Remembering delirium. BMJ 2002; 180: 4-5.
11. LIPOWSKI ZJ. Delirium in the elderly patient. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 578-82.
12. INOUYE SK, CHARPENTIER PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly patients: predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. JAMA 1996; 275: 852-7.
13. NAVINÉS R, GÓMEZ E, FRANCO JG, DE PABLO J. Delirium en la interconsulta psiquiátrica de un hospital general. Actas Esp de Psiquiatr 2001; 29: 159-69.
14. VALDÉS M, DE PABLO J, CAMPOS R, FARRÉ JM, GIRÓN M, LOZANO M ET AL. El proyecto multinacional europeo y multicéntrico español de mejora de calidad asistencial en psiquiatría de enlace en el hospital general: el perfil clínico en España. Med Clin (Barc) 2000; 155: 690-4.
15. INOUYE SK. Delirium in hospitalized older patients: Recognition and risk factors. J of Geriat Psych Neur 1998; 11: 118-25.
16. FANN JR, ROTH-ROEMER S, BRINGTON BE, KATON WJ, SYRJALA KL. Delirium in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer 2002; 95: 1971-81.
17. GONZÁLEZ J, BARROS J. Delirium in patients of an intermediate care unit: prospective study. Rev Med Chile 2000; 128: 75-9.
18. LITAKER D, LOCALA J, FRANCO K, BRONSON DL, TANNOUS Z. Preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2001; 23: 84-9.
19. MARCANTONIO ER, FLACKER JM, WRIGHT RJ, RESNICK NM. Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49: 516-22.
20. ULDALL KK, BERGHUIS JP. Delirium in AIDS patients: recognition and medication factors. AIDS Patient Care STDS 1997; 11: 435-41.
21. INOUYE SK, VAN DYCK CH, ALESSI CA, BALKIN S, SIEGAL AP, HORWITZ RL. Clarifying Confusion: The Confusion Assessment Method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113: 941-8.
22. MOSS JH, LANCTOT KL. Iatrogenic Benzodiazepine withdrawal Delirium in hospitalized older patients. JAGS 1995; 43: 1020-2.
23. MCCUSKER J, COLE M, DENDUKURI N, BELZILE E, PRIMEAU F. Delirium in older medical inpatients and subsequent cognitive and functional status: a prospective study. CMAJ 2001; 165: 575-83.
24. INOUYE SK, RUSHING JT, FOREMAN MD, PALMER RM, POMPEI P. Does delirium contribute to poor hospital outcomes? A three-site epidemiologic study. J Gen Intern Med 1998; 13: 234-42.
25. RIZZO JA, BOGARDOUS ST JR, LEO-SUMMERS L, WILLIAMS CS, ACAMPORA D, INOUYE SK. Multicomponent targeted intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients: what is the economic value? Med Care 2001; 39: 740-52.
26. TRZEPACZ PT. The neuropathogenesis of delirium. Psychosomatics 1994; 35: 374-91.
27. TUNE LE, DAINLOTH NF, HOLLAND A. Association of postoperative delirium with raised serum levels of anticholinergics drugs. Lancet 1981; 2: 651-3.
28. COFFMAN JA, DISALVER SC. Cholinergic mechanisms in delirium. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145: 382-3.
29. MUSSI C, FERRARI R, ASCARI S, SALVIOLI G. Importance of serum anticholinergic activity in the assessment of elderly patients with delirium. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1999; 12: 82-6.
30. MULLER WE, STOLL L, SCHUBERT T ET AL. Central cholinergic functioning and aging. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991; 366: 34-9.
31. LIPTZIN B, LEVKOFF SE. An empirical study of delirium subtypes. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 161: 843-5.
32. BROWN TM, BOYLE MF. Delirium, Clinical Review. BMJ 2002; 325: 644-7.
33. LOBO A, SAZ P, MARCOS G, DÍA JL, DE LA CAMARA C, VENTURA T. Revalidation and standardization of the mini-exam (first Spanish version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination) in the general geriatric population. Med Clin (Barcelona) 1999; 112: 767-74.
34. FOLSTEIN MF, FOLSTEIN SE, MCHUGH PR. "Mini-mental state": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189-98.
35. TRZEPACS PT, BAKER RW, GREENHOUSE J. A symptom rating scale for delirium. Psychiatry Res 1988; 23: 89-97.
36. BULBENA A, CORRONS C, AMORÓS G, MARTÍN-SANTOS R, ANGUIANO B. Escalas de delirium y orientación. Adaptación castellana del Delirium Rating Scale y de la Orientation Scale. Rev Gerontología 1996; 6: 245-54.
37. GONZÁLEZ M, FUENTE E, NOMDEDEU M, PERI JM, DE PABLO J, VALDÉS M. Adaptación de un instrumento de detección de delirium. Actas Esp Psiquiatri 2002; Vol. 18, 33.
38. INOUYE SK, BOGARDUS ST, CHARPENTIER PA, LEO-SUMMERS L, ACAMPORA D, HOLFORD TR ET AL. A multicomponet intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients. N Eng J Med 1999; 340: 669-76.
39. SCHWARTZ TL, MASAND PS. The role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics 2002; 43: 171-4.
40. CHAN YC, PARISER SF, NEUFELD G. Atypical antipsychotics in older adults. Pharmacotherapy 1999; 19: 811-22.
41. BREITBART W, TREMBLAY A, GIBSON C. An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosomatics 2002; 43: 175-82.
42. SIPAHIMALANI A, MASAND PS. Olanzapine in the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics 1998; 39: 422-30.
43. STREET JS, CLARK WS, GANNON KS, CUMMINGS JL, BYMATER FP, TAMURA RN ET AL. Olanzapine treatment of psychotic and behavioral symptoms Alzheimer disease in nursing care facilities: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. The HGEU study-group. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 968-76.
44. STREET JS, TOLLEFSON GD, TOHEN M, SANGER TM, CLARK WS, GANNON KS ET AL. Olanzapine for psychotic conditions in the elderly. Psychiatric Annals 2000; 30: 191-6.
45. BROADHURST C, WILSON K. Immunology of delirium: new opportunities for treatment and research. BJP 2001; 179: 288-9.