Non-operative treatment of spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas: A review of the literature and a comparison with operative cases

Acta Neurochirurgica

Volumn 146, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 103-110

  Groen, Rob J M ^a   Goffin, Jan ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Coagulopathy; Conservative treatment; Hematoma length; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neurological outcome; Operative treatment; Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ANAMNESIS; BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; CHILD; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; CONVALESCENCE; DECOMPRESSION SURGERY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DISEASE SEVERITY; EPIDURAL HEMATOMA; FEMALE; GENDER; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MORPHOMETRICS; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD DECOMPRESSION; SPINAL CORD HEMORRHAGE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEMATOMA, EPIDURAL, CRANIAL; HUMANS; INFANT; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; SPINE; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 1542380908     PISSN: 00016268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00701-003-0160-9     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Anderson TJ, Donaldson IM (1989) Spontaneous resolution of cervical spinal epidural haematoma. Postgrad Med J 65: 488-490
2. Baba Y, Tsuboi Y, Fujino Y, Takahashi M, Yamada T (2000) Extended spontaneous spinal epidural anterior hematoma over multiple spinal segments. A case report. Clin Neurol 40: 566-570
3. Bernsen PLJA, Haan J, Vielvoye GJ, Peerlinck KM (1988) Spinal epidural hematoma visualized by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurorad 30: 280
4. Borges G, Bonilha L, Calfat Maldaum MV, Menezes JR, Zanardi V (2000) Acute cervical epidural hematoma. Arq Neurpsiquiatr 58(3-A): 726-730
5. Brawn LA, Bergval UEG, Davies-Jones GAB (1986) Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma with spontaneous resolution. Postgrad Med J 62: 885-887
6. Bruyn GW, Bosma NJ (1976) Spinal extradural hematoma. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 26. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, pp 1-30
7. Calvet PJ, Duarte E, Almeda F, Pou Serradell A (1995) Hematoma epidural cervical con remision espontanea y verificacion neuropatologica. Neurologia 10(9): 387-390
8. Chrétiennot-Bara C, Guët A, Balzamo G, Torchet MF, Rothshild C, Blakimé P, Schmit JP (2001) Hématome épidural chez l'enfant hémophile: difficultés diagnostiques. Arch Pédiatr 8: 828-833
9. Clarke DB, Bernard G, Tampieri D (1992) Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma causing paraplegia: resolution and recovery without surgical decompression. Neurosurg 30: 108-111
10. Connely ES, Winfree CJ, McCormick PC (1996) Management of spinal epidural hematoma after tissue plasminogen activator. Spine 21(14): 1694-1698
11. Coz Le P, Helias A, Woimant F, Haguenau (1997) Manifestations neurologiques transitoires revelatrices d'hematomes epidureaux cervicaux aigus spontane. Rev Neurol (Paris) 153(5): 325-330
12. Crabbe DCG, Mendelow AD, Pharoh P (1992) Cervical spinal extradural hamatoma causing a transient Brown-Sequard syndrome. JNNP 55: 239
13. Dam-Hieu P, Mihalescu M, Tadie M (2001) Régression spontanée d'une paraplégie par hématome épidural cervico-thoracique spontané. Neurochirurgie 47(4): 442-444
14. David S, Salluzzo RF, Bartfield JM, Dickinson ET (1997) Spontaneous cervicothoracic epidural hematoma following prolonged valsalva secondary to trumpet playing. Am J Emerg Med 15(1): 73-75
15. Duffill J, Sparrow OC, Millar J, Barker CS (2000) Can spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma be managed safely without operation? A report of four cases. JNNP 69: 816-819
16. Egido Herrero JA, Saldana C, Jimenez A, Vazquez A (1992) Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma with Brown-Sequard syndrome and spontaneous resolution. Case report. J Neurosurg Sci 36(2): 117-119
17. Fukui MB, Swarnkar AS, Williams RL (1999) Acute spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas. AJNR 20: 1365-1372
18. Futawatari K, Matsuoka S, Kowada M (1991) A case of spinal epidural hematoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Neurol Surg 19(12): 1187-1190
19. Garcia Lopez A, Perez Lara JM, Herrianz Hidalgo R, Puente Gonzalez E (1999) Spinal epidural hematoma following thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. Orthopedics 22(10): 987-988
20. Groen RJM, Alphen van HAM (1996) Operative treatment of spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas: a study of the factors determining postoperative outcome. Neurosurgery 39(3): 494-509
21. Groen RJM, Ponssen H (1990) The spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. A study of the etiology. J Neurol Sci 98: 121-138
22. Groen RJM, Ponssen H (1991) Vascular anatomy of the spinal epidural space: considerations on the etiology of the spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Clin Anat 4: 413-420
23. Groen RJM, Groenewegen HJ, Alphen van HAM, Hoogland PVJM (1997) Morphology of the human internal vertebral venous plexus: a cadaver study after intravenous Araldite CY 221 injection. Anat Rec 249: 285-294
24. Hentschel SJ, Woolfender AR, Fairholm DJ (2001) Resolution of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma without surgery. A report of two cases. Spine 26(22): E525-E527
25. Hernandez D, Vinuela F, Feasby TE (1982) Recurrent paraplegia with total recovery from spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Ann Neurol 11: 623-624
26. Holtas S, Heilig M, Lonntoft M (1996) Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: findings at MR imaging and clinical correlation. Radiology 199: 409-413
27. Hutt PJ, Herold ED, Koenig BM, Gilchrist GS (1996) Spinal epidural haematoma in an infant with hemophilia A: an unusual presentation of a rare complication. J Pediatr 128(5): 704-706
28. Imamura T, Tsuburaya K (1990) Chronic cervical epidural hematoma diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. No To Shinkei 42(9): 857-861
29. Inamasu J, Hori S, Aoki K, Maruiwa H, Toyama Y (2000) Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Am J Emerg Med 18(7): 837-839
30. Jackson R (1869) Case of spinal apoplexy. Lancet 2: 5-6
31. Kato S, Seki H, Koshu K (1994) Acute cervical spinal epidural hematoma with spontaneous resolution. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 34: 23-26
32. Keely ML, Taylor N, Chard RL (1972). Spinal cord compression as a complication of hemophilia. Arch Dis Child 47: 826-828
33. Kingery WS, Seibel M, Date ES, Marks MP (1994) The natural resolution of a lumbar spontaneous epidural hematoma and associated radiculopathy. Spine 19(1): 67-69
34. Kreppel D, Antoniadis G, Seeling W (2003) Spinal hematoma: a literature survey with meta-analysis of 613 patients. Neurosurg Rev 26: 1-49
35. Laissy JP, Milon P, Freger P, Hattab N, Creissard P, Theibot J (1990) Cervical epidural hematomas: CT diagnosis in two cases that resolved spontaneously. AJNR 11: 394-396
36. Law EM, Smith PJ, Fitt G, Hennessy OF (1999) Non-traumatic spinal extradural haematoma: magnetic resonance findings. Austr Radiol 43: 192-196
37. Lovblad KO, Baumgartner RW, Zambaz BD, Remonda L, Ozdoba C, Schroth G (1997) Nontraumatic spinal epidural hematomas. MR features. Acta Radiol 38: 8-13
38. Marinella MA, Barsan WG (1996) Spontaneously resolving cervical epidural hematoma presenting with hemiparesis. Ann Emerg Med 27(4): 514-517
39. Matsumae M, Shimoad M, Shibuya N, Ueda M, Yamamoto I, Sato O (1987) Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma. Surg Neurol 28: 381-384
40. Miyagi Y, Miyazono M, Kamimaseda K (1998) Spinal epidural vascular malformation presenting in association with a spontaneously resolved acute epidural hematoma. J Neurosurg 88: 909-911
41. Muranjan MN, Deshmunkh CT (1999) Acute transverse myelitis due to spinal epidural hematoma. First manifestation of severe hemophilia. Ind Ped 36: 1151-1153
42. Narawong D, Gibbons VP, McLaughlin JR, Bouhasin JD, Kotagal S (1988) Conservative management of spinal epidural hematoma in hemophilia. Pediatr Neurol 44: 169-171
43. Noth I, Hutter JJ, Meltzer PS, Damiano ML, Carter LP (1993) Spinal epidural hematoma in a hemophilic infant. Am J Ped Hematol Oncol 15(1): 131-134
44. Pahapill PA, Lownie SP (1998) Conservative treatment of acute spontaneous epidural hematoma. Can J Neurol Sci 25: 159-163
45. Pan G, Kulkarni M, MacDougall DJ, Miner ME (1988) Traumatic epidural hematoma of the cervical spine: diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 68: 798-801
46. Patel H, Boaz JC, Phillips JP, Garg BP (1998) Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in children. Pediatr Neurol 19: 302-307
47. Saito S, Katsube H, Kobayashi Y (1994) Spinal epidural hematoma with spontaneous recovery demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. Spine 19(4): 483-486
48. Samkoff LM, Daras M, Kleiman AR, Koppel BS (1996) Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Another neurologic complication of cocaine? Arch Neurol 53: 819-821
49. Sanchez JZ, Mora Martin M, Madero GF, Garcia JMH, Barakat S, Malpartida F (1997) Hematome epidural espinal tras terapia trombolitica en un infarcto agudo miocardio. Rev Esp Cardiol 50: 448-450
50. Schmitz A, Wallny T, Sommer T, Brackmann H, Schulze-Bertelsbeck D, Effenberger W, Kowalski S (1998) Spinal epidural haematoma in haemophilia A. Haemophilia 4: 51-55
51. Sei A, Nakamura T, Hashimoto N, Mizuta H, Sasaki A, Takagi K (1991) Cervical spinal epidural hematoma with spontaneous remission. Case report. J Spin Dis 4(2): 234-237
52. Sevizawa Y, Ohshiro K, Tanaka K, Tamaki S, Matsuura K, Uchihara T (1995) Spontaneous resolution of an acute spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma without neurological deficits. Int Med 34(10): 992-994
53. Sheikh AA, Abildgaard CF (1994) Medical management of extensive spinal epidural hematoma in a child with factor IX deficiency. Ped Emerg Care 10(1): 26-29
54. Shioya H, Kikuchi K, Suda Y, Shindo K (1998) Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with spontaneous remission, diagnosed in MRI on superacute stage. No To Shinkei 50(5): 447-452
55. Silber SH (1996) Complete non surgical resolution of a spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Am J Emerg Med 14(4): 391-393
56. Vaya A, Resureccion M, Ricart JM, Ortuno C, Ripoll F, Mira Y, Aznar J (2001) Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma associated with oral anticoagulant therapy. Clin Appl Thrombolysis/Hemostasis 7(2): 166-168
57. Wagner S, Forsting M, Hacke W (1996) Spontaneous resolution of a large spinal epidural hematoma: case report. Neurosurgery 38(4): 816-818
58. Yoneyama Y, Fukuda M, Itoh K, Yarita H, Murata K (1998) A case of acute spinal epidural hematoma with spontaneous resolution and its MRI. Clin Neurol 29: 754-757