Introduced Plasmodium vivax malaria in a Bolivian community at an elevation of 2,300 meters

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 70, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 15-19

  Rutar, Tina ^a   Baldomar Salgueiro, Eduardo J ^b   Maguire, James H ^c  

^a Consejo de Salud Rural Andino ^*  (United States)

^b Mailstop F 22 ^*  (Bolivia)

^c CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD SMEAR; BOLIVIA; CHILD; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC ELEVATION; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INFANT; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALE; NONHUMAN; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SYMPTOM; TRAVEL; ALTITUDE; ANIMAL; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MIDDLE AGED; MIGRATION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; RURAL POPULATION;

PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PROTOZOA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALTITUDE; ANIMALS; BOLIVIA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALARIA, VIVAX; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PREVALENCE; RURAL POPULATION; TRANSIENTS AND MIGRANTS;

EID: 1542349177     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2004.70.15     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Pan American Health Organization, 1995. Regional status of malaria in the Americas, 1994. Pan Am Health Organ Epidemiol Bull 16: 10-14.
2. Mollinedo Perez JS, Mollinedo Llave RE, 2000. La Malaria en Bolivia: Publicación Tecnica No. 3. La Paz, Bolivia: Ministerio de Salud y Previsión.
3. Molineaux L, 1988. The epidemiology of human malaria as an explanation of its distribution, including some implications for its control. Wernsdorfer, WH, McGregor I, eds. Malaria: Principles and Practices of Malariology. Volume 2. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 913-998.
4. Instituto Geografico Militar, 1985. Atlas de Bolivia. la edition. Barcelona, Spain: Geomundo.
5. Harinasuta T, Bunnag D, 1988. The clinical features of malaria. Wernsdorfer, WH, McGregor I, eds. Malaria: Principles and Practices of Malariology. Volume 1. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 709-734.
6. Manguin S, Roberts DR, Peyton EL, Fernandez-Salas I, Barreto M, Loayza RF, Spinola RE, Granaou RM, Rodriguez MH, 1995. Biochemical systematics and population genetic structure of Anopheles pseudopunctopennis, vector of malaria in Central and South America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 362-377.
7. Haworth J, 1988. The global distribution of malaria and the present control effort. Wernsdorfer, WH, McGregor I, eds. Malaria: Principles and Practices of Malariology. Volume 2. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1379-1420.
8. Markell EK, David JT, Krotoski WA, 1999. Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology. Eighth edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 101.
9. Collins WE, Warren M, Skinner JC, 1971. Serological malaria survey in the Ethiopian highlands. Am J Trop Med Hyg 20: 199-205.
10. Voller A, Lelijveld J, Matola YG, 1971. Immunoglobulin and malaria indices at different altitudes in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 45-52.
11. Rees P, 1994. Highland malaria (editorial). East Afr Med J 71: 1.
12. Boyd MF, 1949. Malariology: A Comprehensive Survey of All Aspects of This Group of Diseases from a Global Standpoint. Volume 1. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
13. Buck AA, Sasaski TT, Anderson RI, 1968. Health and Disease in Four Peruvian Villages: Contrasts in Epidemiology. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Press.
14. Ellman R, Maxwell C, Finch R, Shayo D, 1998. Malaria and anaemia at different altitudes in the Muheza district of Tanzania: childhood morbidity in relation to level of exposure to infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 741-753.
15. Bangs MJ, Subianto DB, 1999. El Niño and associated outbreaks of severe malaria in highland populations in Irian Jaya, Indonesia: a review and epidemiological perspective. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 30: 608-619.
16. Shililu JI, Maier WA, Seitz HM, Orago AS, 1998. Seasonal density, sporozoite rates and entomological inoculation rates of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in a high-altitude sugarcane growing zone in Western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 3: 706-710.
17. Some ES, 1994. Effects and control of highland malaria epidemic in Uasin Gishu District, Kenya. East Afr Med J 71: 2-8.
18. Khaemba BM, Mutani A, Bett MK, 1994. Studies of anopheline mosquitoes transmitting malaria in a newly developed highland urban area: a case study of Moi University and its environs. East Afr Med J 71: 159-164.
19. Ghebreyesus TA, Haile M, Witten KH, Getachew A, Yohannes AM, Yohannes M, Teklehaimanot HD, Lindsay SW, Byass P, 1999. Incidence of malaria among children living near dams in northern Ethiopia: community based incidence survey. BMJ 319: 663-666.
20. Loevinsohn ME, 1994. Climatic warming and increased malaria incidence in Rwanda. Lancet 343: 714-718.
21. Lindblade KA, Walker ED, Onapa AW, Katungu J, Wilson ML, 1999. Highland malaria in Uganda: prospective analysis of an epidemic associated with El Niño. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93: 480-487.
22. Lindsay SW, Martens WJ, 1998. Malaria in the African highlands: past, present and future. Bull World Health Organ 76: 33-45.
23. Garnham PCC, 1945. Malaria epidemics at exceptionally high altitudes in Kenya. BMJ 2: 45-47.
24. Oloo AJ, Vulule JM, Koech DK, 1996. Some emerging issues on the malaria problem in Kenya. East Afr Med J 73: 50-53.
25. Malakooti MA, Biomndo K, Shanks GD, 1998. Reemergence of epidemic malaria in the highlands of western Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 4: 671-676.
26. Wagnon P, Ribstein P, Francou B, Sicart JE, 2001. Anomalous heat and mass budget of Glaciar Zongo, Bolivia, during the 1997/98 El Niño year. J Glaciology 47: 21-28.
27. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1998. Foodcrops and Shortages: Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture. No. 3. Rome, Italy: FAO.
28. Telleria AV, 1986. Health consequences of the floods in Bolivia in 1982. Disasters 10: 88-106.
29. Bangs MJ, Subianto DB, 1999. El Niño and associated outbreaks of severe malaria in highland populations in Irian Jaya, Indonesia: a review and epidemiological perspective. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 30: 608-619.
30. Lindblade KA, Walker ED, Onapa AW, Katungu J, Wilson ML, 1999. Highland malaria in Uganda: prospective analysis of an epidemic associated with El Niño. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93: 480-487.
31. Lindsay SW, Bodker R, Malima R, Msangeni HA, Kisinza W, 2000. Effect of 1997-1998 El Niño on highland malaria in Tanzania. Lancet 355: 989-990.
32. Reiter P, 1998. Global-warming and vector-borne disease in temperate regions and at high altitude (correspondence). Lancet 351: 839-840.