Winter mesoscale variations of carbonate system parameters and estimates of CO2 fluxes in the Gulf of Cadiz, northeast Atlantic Ocean (February 1998)

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 108, Issue 11, 2003, Pages

  González Dávila, Melchor ^a   Santana Casiano, J Magdalena ^a   Dafner, Evgeny V ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbon dioxide; Flux; Gulf of Cadiz

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FLUX; CARBONATE SYSTEM; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); GULF OF CADIZ;

EID: 1542347105     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001jc001243     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Ambar, I., A shallow core of Mediterranean water off western Portugal, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 30, 677-680, 1983.
2. Ambar, I., and M. R. Howe, Observation of the Mediterranean outflow: I. Mixing in the Mediterranean outflow, Deep Sea Res., 26, 535-554, 1979a.
3. Ambar, I., and M. R. Howe, Observation of the Mediterranean outflow: II. The deep circulation in the vicinity of the Gulf of Cádiz, Deep Sea Res., 26, 555-568, 1979b.
4. Ambar, I., M. R. Howe, and M. I. Abdullan, A physical and chemical description of the Mediterranean outflow in the Gulf of Cádiz, Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z., 29, 58-68, 1976.
5. Arhan, M., A. C. Verdiére, and L. Mémery, The eastern boundary of the subtropical North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1295-1316, 1994.
6. Bakker, D. C. E., H. J. W. De Baar, and P. J. De Wilde, Dissolved carbon dioxide in Dutch coastal waters, Mar. Chem., 55, 247-263, 1996.
7. Bakker, D. C. E., H. J. W. De Baar, and U. V. Bathmann, Changes in carbon dioxide in surface waters during spring in the Southern Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 44, 91-127, 1997.
8. Bellerby, R. G. J., D. R. Turner, G. E. Millward, and P. J. Worsfold, Shipboard flow injection determination of sea water pH with spectrophotometric detection, Anal. Chim. Acta, 309, 259-270, 1995.
9. Brewer, P. G., D. M. Glover, C. Goyet, and D. K. Shaver, The pH of North Atlantic Ocean, improvements to the global made for sound absorption in seawater, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8761-8776, 1995.
10. Butler, J. H., C. M. Elkins, C. M. Bruson, K. B. Egan, T. M. Thompson, T. J. Conway, and B. D. Hall, Trace gases in and over the west Pacific and East Indian Oceans during the El Niño-Southern Oscillation event of 1987, NOAA Data Rep. ERL-ARL-16, 104 pp., Air Resour. Lab., Silver Spring, Md., 1988.
11. Cano, N., Resultados de la campaña "Alborán-76," Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., 247, 3-50, 1978.
12. Clayton, T. D., and R. H. Byrne, Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: Total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results, Deep Sea Res., 42, 411-429, 1993.
13. Copin-Montégut, C., Alkalinity and carbon budgets in the Mediterranean Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7(4), 915-925, 1993.
14. Dafner, E. V., R. Sempéré, N. González, F. Gomez, and M. Goutx, Cross-slope variations of dissolved organic carbon in the Gulf of Cádiz, NE Atlantic Ocean (February 1998), Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 189, 301-306, 1999.
15. Dafner, E. V., M. González-Dávila, J. M. Santana-Casiano, and R. Sempéré, Total organic and inorganic carbon exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar in September 1997, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 48, 1217-1235, 2001.
16. DelValls, T. A., and A. G. Dickson, The pH buffers based on 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1, 3-propanediol ("tris") in synthetic sea water, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 45, 1541-1554, 1998.
17. Department of Energy, Handbook of method for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon-dioxide system in sea water, vers. 2, edited by A. G. Dickson and C. Goyet, ORNL/CDIAC-74, Dep. of Energy, Washington, D. C., 1994.
18. Dickson, A. G., An exact definition of total alkalinity and a procedure for the estimation of alkalinity and total inorganic carbon from titration data, Deep Sea Res., 28, 609-623, 1981.
19. Dickson, A. G., and F. J. Millero, A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 34, 1733-1743, 1987.
20. Fraga, F., A. F. Ríos, F. F. Pérez, and F. G. Figueiras, Theoretical limits of oxygen:carbon and oxygen:nitrogen ratios during photosynthesis and mineralisation of the organic matter in the sea, Sci. Mar., 62, 161-168, 1998.
21. Gómez, F., F. Echevarria, C. M. García, L. Prieto, J. Ruiz, A. Reul, F. Jiménez-Gómez, and M. Varela, Microplankton distribution in the Strait of Gibraltar: Coupling between organisms and hydrodynamic structures, J. Plankton Res., 22(4), 603-617, 2000.
22. Hansen, H. P., and K. Grasshoff, Automated chemical analysis, in Methods of Seawater Analysis, edited by K. Grasshoff et al., pp 347-395, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany, 1983.
23. 2, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 964-970, 2001.
24. Lee, K., F. J. Millero, and R. Wanninkhof, The carbon dioxide system in the Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 15,693-15,707, 1997.
25. Lee, K., F. J. Millero, R. H. Byrne, R. A. Feely, and R. Wanninkhof, The recommended dissociation constants for carbonic acid in seawater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 229-232, 2000.
26. Madelaine, F., Calculs dynamiques au large de la Peninsula Iberique, Cah. Oceanogr., 19, 181-194, 1967.
27. Millero, F. J., Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide system in the oceans, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 661-677, 1995.
28. Millero, F. J., E. A. Degler, D. W. O'Sullivan, C. Goyet, and G. Eischeid, The carbon dioxide system in the Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45, 2225-2252, 1998.
29. Minas, H. J., and M. Minas, Influence du détroit de Gibraltar sur la biogéochimie de la Méditerranée et du proche Atlantique, Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., 69(1), 203-214, 1993.
30. Minas, H. J., B. Coste, P. Le Corre, M. Minas, and P. Raimbault, Biological and geochemical signatures associated with the water circulation through the Strait of Gibraltar and in the Western Alboran Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8755-8771, 1991.
31. Mintrop, L. M., F. F. Pérez, M. González-Dávila, J. M. Santana-Casiano, and A. Körtzinger, Alkalinity determination by potentiometry: Intercalibration using three different methods, Cienc. Mar., 26, 23-37, 2000.
32. Ochoa, J., and N.A. Bray, Water mass exchange in the Gulf of Cádiz, Deep Sea Res., 38, Suppl. 1, S465-S503, 1991.
33. Packard, T. T., et al., Formation of the Alboran oxygen minimum zone, Deep Sea Res., 35, 1111-1118, 1988.
34. Parrilla, G., (Ed.), Mid-term scientific report, CANIGO-MAST 3-CT 96-0060, 321 pp., Inst. Esp. de Oceanogr., Madrid, 1998.
35. Parsons, T. R., T. J. Takahashi, and B. Hargrave, Biological Oceanographic Processes, 332 pp., Pergamon Press, New York, 1977.
36. Pérez, F. F., M. Estrada, and J. Salat, Sistema del carbónico, oxígeno y nutrientes en el Mediterráneo occidental, Inv. Pesq., 50(3), 333-351, 1986.
37. Pérez, F. F., A. F. Ríos, C. G. Castro, and F. Fraga, Mixing analysis of nutrients, oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon in the upper and middle North Atlantic Ocean east of the Azores, J. Mar. Syst., 16, 219-233, 1998.
38. 2, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 49, 859-875, 2002.
39. Price, J. F., M. O. Baringer, R. G. Lueck, G. C. Johnson, I. Ambar, G. Parrilla, A. Cantos, M. A. Kennely, and T. B. Sanford, Mediterranean outflow mixing and dynamics, Science, 259, 1277-1282, 1993.
40. Rahmstorf, S., Influence of Mediterranean outflow on climate, Eos Trans. AGU, 79(24), 281-282, 1998.
41. Ríos, A. F., T. R. Anderson, and F. F. Pérez, The carbonic system distribution and fluxes in the NE Atlantic during spring 1991, Prog. Oceanogr., 35, 295-314, 1995.
42. Ríos, A. F., F. Fraga, F. G. Figueiras, and F. F. Pérez, A modelling approach to the Redfield ratio deviations in the ocean, Sci. Mar., 62, 169-176, 1998.
43. Sabine, C. L., F. T. Mackenzie, C. Winn, and D. M. Karl, Geochemistry of carbon dioxide in seawater at the Hawaii Ocean Time series station, ALOHA, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 9(4), 637-651, 1995.
44. Santana-Casiano, J. M., M. González-Dávila, and L. Laglera, Carbon dioxide system in the Strait of Gibraltar, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49, 4145-4161, 2002.
45. 2 partial pressure in northeast Atlantic and adjacent shelf waters: Processes and seasonal variability, J. Mar. Syst., 3, 453-463, 1992.
46. Siegenthaler, U., and J. L. Sarmiento, Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean, Nature, 365, 119-125, 1993.
47. Takahashi, T., W. S. Broecker, and S. Langer, Redfield ratio based on chemical data from isopycnal surfaces, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6907-6924, 1985.
48. 2 budget, Science, 247, 1431-1438, 1990.
49. Tomczak, J. R., A multi-parameter extension of temperature/salinity diagram for the analysis of non-isopycnal mixing, Prog. Oceanogr., 10, 147-171, 1981.
50. Transient Tracers in the Oceans North Atlantic Study, Shipboard physical and chemical data report, 1 April-19 October 1981, Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Calif., San Diego, Calif., 1981.
51. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Progress on Oceanographic Tables and Standards 1983-1986, Tech. Pap. Mar. Sci., 50, 59 pp., 1986.
52. Van Geen, A., P. Rosener, and E. Boyle, Entrainment of trace-metal-enriched Atlantic-shelf water in the inflow to the Mediterranean Sea, Nature, 331, 423-426, 1988.
53. Van Geen, A., E. Boyle, and W. S. Moore, Trace metals enrichments in waters of Gulf of Cádiz, Spain, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 2173-2191, 1991.
54. Wallace, D. W. R., Monitoring global ocean carbon inventories, Background Rep. 5, 54 pp., Tex. A&M Univ., College Station, Tex., 1995.
55. Wanninkhof, R., Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7373-7383, 1992.
56. 2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods, Mar. Chem., 44, 189-204, 1993.
57. Weiss, R. F., Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: The solubility of a non ideal gas, Mar. Chem., 2, 203-215, 1974.
58. World Ocean Circulation Experiment, WOCE Operations Manual, vol. 3, sect. 3.1, part 3.1.3, WHP Operations and Methods, rev. 1, Nov. 1994, Woods Hole, Mass., 1994.
59. Zenk, W., Some current and temperature observations in the Mediterranean outflow west of Gibraltar, Meteor Forschungsergeb., A, 15, 20-48, 1975.