Biomechanics of temporo-parietal skull fracture

Clinical Biomechanics

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 225-239

  Yoganandan, Narayan ^a   Pintar, Frank A ^a  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Experimental studies; Fracture tolerance; Human skull; Temporo parietal region

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; BRAIN; FRACTURE; JOINTS (ANATOMY);

DYNAMIC LOADING; SKULL FRACTURE;

BIOMECHANICS;

BIOMECHANICS; CADAVER; DYNAMICS; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; LOADING TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKULL FRACTURE; TEMPORAL BONE;

EID: 1542345713     PISSN: 02680033     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.12.014     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Agur A.M.R., Lee M.L. Grant's Atlas of Anatomy. 9th edition: 1991;Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. p. 650.
2. AIS, 1990. The Abbreviated Injury Scale. American Association for Automotive Medicine, Arlington Heights, IL, p. 74.
3. Allsop, D., Perl, T., Warner, C., 1991. Force/deflection and fracture charactersitics of the temporo-parietal region of the human head. In: Proceedings of the 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference, San Diego, CA.
4. Becker, E., 1972. Measurement of mass distribution parameters of anatomical segments. In: Proceedings of the 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Detroit, MI, pp. 160-185.
5. Beier, G., Schuck, M., Schuller, E., Spann, W., 1980. Determination of physical data of the head. I. Centre of gravity and moments of inertia of human heads. In: Proceedings of the IRCOBI, Troy, MI.
6. Canadian Standards Association, 1985. Standard CAN3-D230-M85. Protective headgear in motor vehicle applications.
7. Careme, L., 1989. Biomechanical tolerance limits of the cranio-cervical junction in side impacts. In: Proceedings of the International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, MI, pp. 55-70.
8. CIREN, 2001. Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network-Program Report. NHTSA, Washington, DC.
9. Cohnstein Ueber Zangen application bei Beckenege. Arch. Path. Anat. Physiol. 64:1875;82-101.
10. DeRosia J., Yoganandan N. Lessons from staged rear-end collisions using human volunteers. Yoganandan N., Pintar F. Frontiers in Whiplash Trauma: Clinical and Biomechanical. 2000;265-294 IOS Press, The Netherlands.
11. Duncan J. Laboratory note: On tensile strength of fresh adult foetus. Brit. Med. J. 2:1874;763-764.
12. Fildes, B., Vulcan, P., Lane, J., 1994. Side impact crashes in Australia. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles.
13. Gennarelli, T.A., Meaney, D.F., 1996. Mechanisms of primary head injury. In: Wilkins, R., Rengachary, S., (Eds.), Neurosurgery, 2nd ed., vol. 2. McGraw Hill, New York, pp. 2611-2621.
14. Gennarelli, T., Pintar, F., Yoganandan, N., Beuse, N., Morgan, R., 2002. Head injuries to nearside occupants in lateral impacts: epidemiological and full-scale crash test analyses. In: Proceedings of the IRCOBI, Munich, Germany, pp. 223-233.
15. Gloyns, P., Rattenbury, S., Weller, R., Lestina, D., 1994. Mechanisms and patterns of head injuries in fatal frontal and side impact crashes. In: Proceedings of the IRCOBI, Lyon, France.
16. Got, C., Patel, A., Fayon, A., Tarriere, C., Walfisch, G., 1978. Results of experimental head impacts on cadavers: the various data obtained and their relations to some measured physical parameters. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conference, Ann Arbor, MI.
17. Got, C., Guillon, F., Patel, A., Mack, P., Brun-Cassan, F., Fayon, A., Tarriere, C., Hureau, J., 1983. Morphological and biomechanical study of 126 human skulls used in experimental impacts, in relation with the observed injuries. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Bron, France.
18. Gurdjian E.S., Webster J.E. Deformation of the skull in head injury studied by stresscoat technique. Surg. Gyn. Obst. 83:1946;219-233.
19. Gurdjian E.S., Webster J.E., Lissner H.R. The mechanism of production of linear skull fractures. Surg. Gyn. Obst. 85:1947;195-210.
20. Gurdjian E.S., Webster J.E., Lissner H.R. Studies on skull fracture with particular reference to engineering factors. Am. J. Surg. 1949;736-742.
21. Gurdjian E.S., Webster J.E., Lissner H.R. Observations on prediction of fracture site in head injury. Radiology. 60:1953;226-235.
22. Hodgson V.R. Tolerance of the facial bones to impact. Am. J. Anat. 1967;120:113-122.
23. Hodgson, V.R., Thomas, L.M., 1971. Breaking strength of the human skull vs. impact surface curvature. US Department of Transportation, HS-800-583, Springfield, VA.
24. Hodgson, V.R., Thomas, L.M., 1972. Effect of long-duration impact on head. In: Proceedings of the 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Detroit, MI, pp. 292-295.
25. Hodgson, V., Thomas, L., 1973. Breaking strength of the human skull vs impact surface curvature. DOT-HS-801-002.
26. Hodgson, V.R., Thomas, L.M., Brinn, J., 1973. Concussion levels determined by HPR windshield impacts. In: Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Oklahoma City, OK.
27. Kleinberger, M., Yoganandan, N., Kumaresan, S., 1998. Biomechanical considerations for child occupant protection. In: Proceedings of the 42nd AAAM Conference, Chariottesville, VA, pp. 115-136.
28. Lund, A.K., 2000. Recommended procedures for evaluating occupant injury risk from deploying side airbags. International Standard Organization, ISO-TR-1433.
29. Maltese M., Eppinger R., Rhule H., Donnelly B., Pintar F., Yoganandan N. Response corridors of human surrogates in lateral impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 46:2002;321-351.
30. McElhaney J.H., Stalnaker R.L., Roberts V.L. Biomechanical aspects of head injury. King W., Mertz H. Human Impact Tolerance. 1972;85-112 Plenum Press, New York.
31. McElhaney J.H., Roberts V.L., Hilyard J.F. Handbook of Human Tolerance. 1976;631 Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc, Tokyo, Japan.
32. Messerer O. Uber Elasticitat und Festigkeit der Menschlichen Knochen. 1880;Stuttgart, Germany.
33. Mohan O., Bowman B.M., Snyder R.G., Foust D.R. A biomechanical analysis of head impact injuries to children. J. Biomech. Eng. 101:1979;250-259.
34. Mosekilde L., Mosekilde L. Normal vertebral body size and compressive strength: relations to age and to vertebral and iliac trabecular bone compressive strength. Bone. 7:1986;207-212.
35. Nahum, A., Gatts, J.D., Gadd, C.W., Danforth, J., 1968. Impact tolerance of the skull and face. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Detroit, MI, p. 302.
36. Nahum, A., Ward, C., Raasch, F., Adams, S., Schneider, D., 1980. Experimental studies of side impact to the human head. In: Proceedings of the 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Troy, MI.
37. NHTSA, 1988. Department of Transportation Standard No. 218, Motorcycle helmets.
38. NHTSA, 2002. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, Washington, DC.
39. NHTSA, 2003. Available from 〈www.nhtsa.dot.gov〉, Department of Transportation.
40. NOCSAE, 1997. National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment Doc. 002-96. Standard performance specification for newly manufactured football helmets.
41. Ommaya A.K. Biomechanics of head injury. Nahum A.M., Melvin J. The Biomechanics of Trauma. 1985;245-269 Appleton-Century-Crofts, Norwalk, CT.
42. Ommaya, A., Yarnell, P., Hirsch, A., Harris, E., 1967. Scaling of experimental data on cerebral concussion in sub-human primates to concussion threshold in man. In: Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference, pp. 73-80.
43. Padgaonkar A., Krieger K., King A. Measurement of angular acceleration of a rigid body using linear accelerometers. J Appl. Mech. 1975;552-556.
44. Pintar, F.A., Yoganandan, N., Hines, M.H., Maltese, M.R., McFadden, J., Saul, R., Eppinger, R., Khaewpong, N., Kleinberger, M., 1997. Chestband analysis of human tolerance to side impact. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference, Lake Buena Vista, FL, pp. 63-74.
45. Reynolds H.M., Clauser C.E., McConnville J., Chandler R., Young J.W. Mass distribution properties of the male cadaver. Proceedings of the Society of Automotive Engineers. 1975;305-335.
46. SAE, 1994. Human mechanical response characteristics.
47. Sances A. Jr., Yoganandan N. Human head injury tolerance. Sances A. Jr., Thomas D.J., Ewing C.L., Larson S.J., Unterharnscheidt F. Mechanisms of Head and Spine Trauma. 1986;189-218 Aloray, Goshen, NY.
48. Sances A., Myklebust J.B., Larson S.J., Cusick J.F., Weber R.C., Walsh P.R. Bioengineering analysis of head and spine injuries. CRC Crit. Rev. Bioeng. 2:1981;1-79.
49. Sances A. Jr., Thomas D.J., Ewing C.L., Larson S.J., Unterharnscheidt F. Mechanisms of Head and Spine Trauma. 1986;746 Aloray, Goshen, NY.
50. Schneider, D., Nahum, A., 1972. Impact studies of facial bones and skull. In: Proceedings of the 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Detroit, Ml, pp. 186-203.
51. Snell, 1995. Snell standard for protective headgear for use with bicycles.
52. Snyder R.G., Foust D.R., Bowman B.M. Study of impact tolerance through free fall investigations. 1977;IIHS, Washington, DC.
53. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1980. Human tolerance to impact conditions as related to motor vehicle design-J885. SAE, Warrendale, PA.
54. Stalnaker, R., Melvin, J., Nuscholtz, G., Alem, N., Benson, J., 1977. Head impact response. In: Proceedings of the 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference, New Orleans, LA, pp. 305-335.
55. Tanner J. Growth at Adolescence. 1962;Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
56. Tindall G., Cooper P., Barrow D. The Practice of Neurosurgery. 1996;2695 Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
57. Van der vorst M.J., Stuhmiller J., Ho K., Yoganandan N., Pintar F. Statistically based criterion for impact-induced skull fracture. AAAM. 47:2003;487-507.
58. Versace, J., 1971. A review of the severity index. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Coronado, CA, pp. 771-796.
59. Voo L., Kumaresan S., Pintar F.A., Yoganandan N., Sances A.J. Finite-element models of the human head. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 34:1996;375-381.
60. Walker, L., Harris, E., Pontius, U., 1973. Mass, volume, center of mass, and mass moment of inertia of head and head and neck of human body. In: Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Oklahoma City, OK, pp. 525-537.
61. Williams P.L. Gray's Anatomy. 1995;Churchill Livingstone, New York. p. 2092.
62. Wood J.L. Dynamic response of human cranial bone. J. Biomech. 4:1971;1-12.
63. Yoganandan N., Myklebust J.B., Ray G., Sances A. Jr. Mathematical and finite element analysis of spinal injuries. CRC Rev. Biomed. Eng. 15:1987;29-93.
64. Yoganandan N., Myklebust J.B., Wilson C.R., Cusick J.F., Sances A. Jr. Functional biomechanics of the thoracolumbar vertebral cortex. Clin. Biomech. 3:1988;11-18.
65. Yoganandan N., Pintar F.A., Sances A.J., Harris G., Chintapalli K., Myklebust J.B., Schmaltz D., Reinartz J., Kalbfleisch J., Larson S.J. Steering wheel induced facial trauma. SAE Trans. 97:1989;1104-1128.
66. Yoganandan N., Pintar F.A., Sances A. Jr. Biodynamics of steering wheel induced facial trauma. J Safety Res. 22:1991;179-190.
67. Yoganandan N., Sances A. Jr., Pintar F.A., Larson S., Hemmy D., Maiman D., Haughton V. Traumatic facial injuries with steering wheel loading. J. Trauma. 31:1991;699-710.
68. Yoganandan N., Pintar F.A., Reinartz J., Sances A. Jr. Human facial tolerance to steering wheel impact: a biomechanical study. J. Safety Res. 24:1993;77-85.
69. Yoganandan N., Pintar F.A., Sances A.J., Walsh P.R., Ewing C.L., Thomas D.L., Snyder R.G. Biomechanics of skull fracture. J. Neurotrauma. 12:1995;659-668.
70. Yoganandan N., Kumaresan S., Voo L., Pintar F. Finite element applications in human cervical spine modeling. Spine. 21:1996;1824-1834.
71. Yoganandan N., Pintar F.A., Larson S.J., Sances A. Jr. Frontiers in Head and Neck Trauma: Clinical and Biomechanical. 1998;743 IOS Press, The Netherlands.
72. Yoganandan N., Kumaresan S., Pintar F., Gennarelli T. Pediatric biomechanics. Nahum A., Melvin J. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 2000;550-587 Springler-Verlag, New York.
73. Yoganandan, N., Pintar, F., Maltese, M., Eppinger, R., Rhule, H., Donnelly, B., 2002. Biofidelity evaluation of recent side impact dummies. In: Proceedings of the IRCOBI, Munich, Germany, pp. 57-69.
74. Youman J. Neurological surgery. 1996;WB Saunders, Philadelphia. p. 3729.
75. Zaouk, A., Eigen, A., Digges, K., 2001. Occupant injury patterns in side crashes. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, 77-81.