메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 268-273

Treatment of opioid-induced delirium with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: A case report

Author keywords

Delirium; Donepezil; Physostigmine

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; CEFALEXIN; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; CLONAZEPAM; DONEPEZIL; FENTANYL; FLUOXETINE; GABAPENTIN; GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE; HYDROMORPHONE; LAXATIVE; LEVOFLOXACIN; MORPHINE; OPIATE; PHYSOSTIGMINE; TRAZODONE;

EID: 1542298870     PISSN: 08853924     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.07.002     Document Type: Short Survey
Times cited : (46)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0342700250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence, causes, and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective study
    • Lawlor P.G., Gagnon B., Mancini I.L., et al. Occurrence, causes, and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 160:(6):2000;786-794.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , Issue.6 , pp. 786-794
    • Lawlor, P.G.1    Gagnon, B.2    Mancini, I.L.3
  • 2
    • 0035217855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underlying pathologies and their associations with clinical features in terminal delirium of cancer patients
    • Morita T., Tei Y., Tsunoda J., et al. Underlying pathologies and their associations with clinical features in terminal delirium of cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 22:(6):2001;997-1006.
    • (2001) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 997-1006
    • Morita, T.1    Tei, Y.2    Tsunoda, J.3
  • 3
    • 0033672790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered mental status in patients with cancer
    • Tuma R., DeAngelis L.M. Altered mental status in patients with cancer. Arch Neurol. 57:(12):2000;1727-1731.
    • (2000) Arch Neurol , vol.57 , Issue.12 , pp. 1727-1731
    • Tuma, R.1    Deangelis, L.M.2
  • 5
    • 0029062380 scopus 로고
    • Changing pattern of agitated impaired mental status in patients with advanced cancer associated with cognitive monitoring, hydration, and opioid rotation
    • Bruera E., Franco J.J., Maltoni M., et al. Changing pattern of agitated impaired mental status in patients with advanced cancer associated with cognitive monitoring, hydration, and opioid rotation. J Pain Symptom Manage. 10:1995;287-291.
    • (1995) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.10 , pp. 287-291
    • Bruera, E.1    Franco, J.J.2    Maltoni, M.3
  • 6
    • 0033006481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of intermittent subcutaneous injections of oxycodone for opioid rotation in patients with cancer pain
    • Gagnon B., Bielech M., Watanabe S., et al. The use of intermittent subcutaneous injections of oxycodone for opioid rotation in patients with cancer pain. Support Care Cancer. 7:(4):1999;265-270.
    • (1999) Support Care Cancer , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 265-270
    • Gagnon, B.1    Bielech, M.2    Watanabe, S.3
  • 7
    • 0030246852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of morphine-induced delirium in palliative care by substitution with infusion of oxycodone
    • Maddocks I., Somogyi A., Abbott F., et al. Attenuation of morphine-induced delirium in palliative care by substitution with infusion of oxycodone. J Pain Symptom Manage. 12:(3):1996;182-189.
    • (1996) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 182-189
    • Maddocks, I.1    Somogyi, A.2    Abbott, F.3
  • 8
    • 0035014074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donepezil in the treatment of opioid-induced sedation: Report of six cases
    • Slatkin N.E., Rhiner M., Bolton T.M. Donepezil in the treatment of opioid-induced sedation: report of six cases. J Pain Symptom Manage. 21:(5):2001;425-438.
    • (2001) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 425-438
    • Slatkin, N.E.1    Rhiner, M.2    Bolton, T.M.3
  • 9
    • 1542305281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of opiate related sedation: Utility of cholinesterase inhibitors
    • Slatkin N.E., Rhiner M. Treatment of opiate related sedation: utility of cholinesterase inhibitors. J Supp Oncol. 1:(1):2003;53-63.
    • (2003) J Supp Oncol , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-63
    • Slatkin, N.E.1    Rhiner, M.2
  • 10
    • 0020070848 scopus 로고
    • Effect of physostigmine on morphine-induced postoperative pain and somnolence
    • Weinstock M., Davidson J.T., Rosin A.J., et al. Effect of physostigmine on morphine-induced postoperative pain and somnolence. Br J Anaesth. 54:(4):1982;429-434.
    • (1982) Br J Anaesth , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 429-434
    • Weinstock, M.1    Davidson, J.T.2    Rosin, A.J.3
  • 11
    • 0031422571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics: Neuropsychiatric effects and psychotropic interactions
    • Sternbach H., State R. Antibiotics: neuropsychiatric effects and psychotropic interactions. Harvard Rev Psychiatry. 5:(4):1997;214-226.
    • (1997) Harvard Rev Psychiatry , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 214-226
    • Sternbach, H.1    State, R.2
  • 12
  • 13
    • 0031833271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of abrupt discontinuation of fluoxetine: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Zajecka J., Fawcett J., Amsterdam J., et al. Safety of abrupt discontinuation of fluoxetine: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 18:(3):1998;193-197.
    • (1998) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 193-197
    • Zajecka, J.1    Fawcett, J.2    Amsterdam, J.3
  • 14
    • 0029062380 scopus 로고
    • Changing pattern of agitated impaired mental status in patients with advanced cancer: Association with cognitive monitoring, hydration, and opioid rotation
    • Bruera E., Franco J.J., Maltoni M., et al. Changing pattern of agitated impaired mental status in patients with advanced cancer: association with cognitive monitoring, hydration, and opioid rotation. J Pain Symptom Manage. 10:(4):1995;287-291.
    • (1995) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 287-291
    • Bruera, E.1    Franco, J.J.2    Maltoni, M.3
  • 16
    • 0027490066 scopus 로고
    • The organization of central cholinergic systems and their functional importance in sleep-waking states
    • Jones B.E. The organization of central cholinergic systems and their functional importance in sleep-waking states. Prog Brain Res. 98:1993;61-71.
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 61-71
    • Jones, B.E.1
  • 17
    • 0031040861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive functions of cortical acetylcholine: Toward a unifying hypothesis
    • Sarter M., Bruno J.P. Cognitive functions of cortical acetylcholine: toward a unifying hypothesis. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 23:(1-2):1997;28-46.
    • (1997) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.23 , Issue.12 , pp. 28-46
    • Sarter, M.1    Bruno, J.P.2
  • 18
    • 0033018477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine in mind: A neurotransmitter correlate of consciousness?
    • Perry E., Walker M., Grace J., et al. Acetylcholine in mind: a neurotransmitter correlate of consciousness? Trends Neurosci. 22:(6):1999;273-280.
    • (1999) Trends Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 273-280
    • Perry, E.1    Walker, M.2    Grace, J.3
  • 19
    • 0027732875 scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxic lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: Effects on learning, memory and attention
    • Muir J.L., Page K.J., Sirinathsinghji D.J., et al. Excitotoxic lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: effects on learning, memory and attention. Behav Brain Res. 57:(2):1993;123-131.
    • (1993) Behav Brain Res , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-131
    • Muir, J.L.1    Page, K.J.2    Sirinathsinghji, D.J.3
  • 20
    • 0026486230 scopus 로고
    • Increased cognitive sensitivity to scopolamine with age and a perspective on the scopolamine model
    • Molchan S.E., Martinez R.A., Hill J.L., et al. Increased cognitive sensitivity to scopolamine with age and a perspective on the scopolamine model. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 17:(3):1992;215-226.
    • (1992) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-226
    • Molchan, S.E.1    Martinez, R.A.2    Hill, J.L.3
  • 21
    • 0019808305 scopus 로고
    • Scopolamine disrupts maintenance of attention rather than memory processes
    • Cheal M.L. Scopolamine disrupts maintenance of attention rather than memory processes. Behav Neural Biol. 33:(2):1981;163-187.
    • (1981) Behav Neural Biol , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-187
    • Cheal, M.L.1
  • 22
    • 0032780061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal forebrain afferent projections modulating cortical acetylcholine, attention, and implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
    • Sarter M., Bruno J.P., Turchi J. Basal forebrain afferent projections modulating cortical acetylcholine, attention, and implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. Ann NY Acad Sci. 877:1999;368-382.
    • (1999) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.877 , pp. 368-382
    • Sarter, M.1    Bruno, J.P.2    Turchi, J.3
  • 23
    • 0029914548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tacrine on behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: An open-label study
    • Kaufer D.I., Cummings J.L., Christine D. Effect of tacrine on behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: an open-label study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 9:1996;1-6.
    • (1996) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 1-6
    • Kaufer, D.I.1    Cummings, J.L.2    Christine, D.3
  • 24
    • 0035964226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 24-week, randomized, double-blind study of donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease
    • Feldman H., Gauthier S., Hecker J., et al. A 24-week, randomized, double-blind study of donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 57:(4):2001;613-620.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 613-620
    • Feldman, H.1    Gauthier, S.2    Hecker, J.3
  • 25
    • 0035526287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivastigmine in the treatment of parkinsonian psychosis and cognitive impairment: Preliminary findings from an open trial
    • Reading P.J., Luce A.K., McKeith I.G. Rivastigmine in the treatment of parkinsonian psychosis and cognitive impairment: preliminary findings from an open trial. Mov Disord. 16:(6):2001;1171-1174.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 1171-1174
    • Reading, P.J.1    Luce, A.K.2    McKeith, I.G.3
  • 26
    • 0034720864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 5-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of galantamine in AD. the Galantamine USA-10 Study Group
    • Tariot P.N., Solomon P.R., Morris J.C., et al. A 5-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of galantamine in AD. The Galantamine USA-10 Study Group. Neurology. 54:(12):2000;2269-2276.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.12 , pp. 2269-2276
    • Tariot, P.N.1    Solomon, P.R.2    Morris, J.C.3
  • 27
    • 0035999225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery
    • Aizawa K., Kanai T., Saikawa Y., et al. A novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery. Surg Today. 32:(4):2002;310-314.
    • (2002) Surg Today , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 310-314
    • Aizawa, K.1    Kanai, T.2    Saikawa, Y.3
  • 28
    • 0027503068 scopus 로고
    • Pedunculopontine stimulation alters respiration and increases ACh release in the pontine reticular formation
    • Lydic R., Baghdoyan H.A. Pedunculopontine stimulation alters respiration and increases ACh release in the pontine reticular formation. Am J Physiol. 264:(3 Pt 2):1993;R544-R554.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264 , Issue.3 PART 2
    • Lydic, R.1    Baghdoyan, H.A.2
  • 29
    • 0027521184 scopus 로고
    • Microdialysis of the pontine reticular formation reveals inhibition of acetylcholine release by morphine
    • Lydic R., Keifer J.C., Baghdoyan H.A., et al. Microdialysis of the pontine reticular formation reveals inhibition of acetylcholine release by morphine. Anesthesiology. 79:(5):1993;1003-1012.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , Issue.5 , pp. 1003-1012
    • Lydic, R.1    Keifer, J.C.2    Baghdoyan, H.A.3
  • 30
    • 0021228966 scopus 로고
    • Microinjection of neostigmine into the pontine reticular formation of cats enhances desynchronized sleep signs
    • Baghdoyan H.A., Monaco A.P., Rodrigo-Angulo M.L., et al. Microinjection of neostigmine into the pontine reticular formation of cats enhances desynchronized sleep signs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 231:(1):1984;173-180.
    • (1984) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.231 , Issue.1 , pp. 173-180
    • Baghdoyan, H.A.1    Monaco, A.P.2    Rodrigo-Angulo, M.L.3
  • 31
    • 0024549615 scopus 로고
    • The carbachol-induced enhancement of desynchronized sleep signs is dose dependent and antagonized by centrally-administered atropine
    • Baghdoyan H.A., Lydic R., Callaway C.W., et al. The carbachol-induced enhancement of desynchronized sleep signs is dose dependent and antagonized by centrally-administered atropine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2:(1):1989;67-79.
    • (1989) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-79
    • Baghdoyan, H.A.1    Lydic, R.2    Callaway, C.W.3
  • 32
    • 0016842653 scopus 로고
    • Sleep cycle oscillation: Reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups
    • Hobson J.A., McCarley R.W., Wyzinski P.W. Sleep cycle oscillation: reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups. Science. 189:(4196):1975;55-58.
    • (1975) Science , vol.189 , Issue.4196 , pp. 55-58
    • Hobson, J.A.1    McCarley, R.W.2    Wyzinski, P.W.3
  • 33
    • 0019359566 scopus 로고
    • Association of postoperative delirium with raised serum levels of anticholinergic drugs
    • Tune L.E., Damlouji N.F., Holland A., et al. Association of postoperative delirium with raised serum levels of anticholinergic drugs. Lancet. 2:(8248):1981;651-653.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8248 , pp. 651-653
    • Tune, L.E.1    Damlouji, N.F.2    Holland, A.3
  • 34
    • 0031976089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of serum anticholinergic activity with delirium in elderly medical patients
    • Flacker J.M., Cummings V., Mach J.R. Jr., et al. The association of serum anticholinergic activity with delirium in elderly medical patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 6:(1):1998;31-41.
    • (1998) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-41
    • Flacker, J.M.1    Cummings, V.2    Mach Jr., J.R.3
  • 35
    • 78651190991 scopus 로고
    • Depression by morphine and cholralose of acetylcholine release from the cat's brain
    • Beleslin D., Polak R. Depression by morphine and cholralose of acetylcholine release from the cat's brain. J Physiol (Lond). 177:1965;411-419.
    • (1965) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.177 , pp. 411-419
    • Beleslin, D.1    Polak, R.2
  • 36
    • 0017072993 scopus 로고
    • Morphine-naloxone interaction in the central cholinerigc system: The influence of subcortical lesioning and electrical stimulation
    • Jhamandas K., Sutak M. Morphine-naloxone interaction in the central cholinerigc system: the influence of subcortical lesioning and electrical stimulation. Br J Pharmac. 58:1976;101-107.
    • (1976) Br J Pharmac , vol.58 , pp. 101-107
    • Jhamandas, K.1    Sutak, M.2
  • 37
    • 0017578740 scopus 로고
    • Depression by morphine of the resting and evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine from the cat caudate nucleus in-vivo
    • Yaksh T., Yamamura H. Depression by morphine of the resting and evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine from the cat caudate nucleus in-vivo. Neuropharmacology. 16:1977;227-233.
    • (1977) Neuropharmacology , vol.16 , pp. 227-233
    • Yaksh, T.1    Yamamura, H.2
  • 38
    • 0025836342 scopus 로고
    • Systemic morphine administration decreases extracellular acetycholine and increases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats
    • Rada P., Mark G., Pothos E., et al. Systemic morphine administration decreases extracellular acetycholine and increases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats. Neuropharmacology. 30:1991;1133-1136.
    • (1991) Neuropharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 1133-1136
    • Rada, P.1    Mark, G.2    Pothos, E.3
  • 39
    • 0015633429 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced utilization of brain ACh during morphine withdrawal in the rat
    • Domino E.F., Wilson A.E. Enhanced utilization of brain ACh during morphine withdrawal in the rat. Nature. 243:1973;285-286.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.243 , pp. 285-286
    • Domino, E.F.1    Wilson, A.E.2
  • 40
    • 0026806786 scopus 로고
    • Effect of selective opiate antagonists on striatal acetylcholine and dopamine release
    • Sandor N.T., Lendvai B., Vizi E.S. Effect of selective opiate antagonists on striatal acetylcholine and dopamine release. Brain Res Bull. 29:(3-4):1992;369-373.
    • (1992) Brain Res Bull , vol.29 , Issue.34 , pp. 369-373
    • Sandor, N.T.1    Lendvai, B.2    Vizi, E.S.3
  • 41
    • 0032903741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fentanyl and morphine, but not remifentanil, inhibit acetylcholine release in pontine regions modulating arousal
    • Mortazavi S., Thompson J., Baghdoyan H.A., et al. Fentanyl and morphine, but not remifentanil, inhibit acetylcholine release in pontine regions modulating arousal. Anesthesiology. 90:(4):1999;1070-1077.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 1070-1077
    • Mortazavi, S.1    Thompson, J.2    Baghdoyan, H.A.3
  • 42
    • 0014640376 scopus 로고
    • Morphine effects on human REM state, waking state and NREM sleep
    • Kay D.C., Eisenstein R.B., Jasinski D.R. Morphine effects on human REM state, waking state and NREM sleep. Psychopharmacologia. 14:(5):1969;404-416.
    • (1969) Psychopharmacologia , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 404-416
    • Kay, D.C.1    Eisenstein, R.B.2    Jasinski, D.R.3
  • 43
    • 0016748098 scopus 로고
    • Human sleep during chronic morphine intoxication
    • Kay D.C. Human sleep during chronic morphine intoxication. Psychopharmacologia. 44:(2):1975;117-124.
    • (1975) Psychopharmacologia , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-124
    • Kay, D.C.1
  • 44
    • 0026560355 scopus 로고
    • Disruptive effects of muscimol infused into the basal forebrain on conditional discrimination and visual attention: Differential interactions with cholinergic mechanisms
    • Muir J.L., Robbins T.W., Everitt B.J. Disruptive effects of muscimol infused into the basal forebrain on conditional discrimination and visual attention: differential interactions with cholinergic mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 107:(4):1992;541-550.
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 541-550
    • Muir, J.L.1    Robbins, T.W.2    Everitt, B.J.3
  • 45
    • 0028957722 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of visual attentional dysfunction following lesions of the cholinergic basal forebrain by physostigmine and nicotine but not by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron
    • Muir J.L., Everitt B.J., Robbins T.W. Reversal of visual attentional dysfunction following lesions of the cholinergic basal forebrain by physostigmine and nicotine but not by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 118:(1):1995;82-92.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.118 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-92
    • Muir, J.L.1    Everitt, B.J.2    Robbins, T.W.3
  • 46
    • 0018084106 scopus 로고
    • The effect of physostigmine on normal human sleep and dreaming
    • Sitaram N., Moore A.M., Gillin J.C. The effect of physostigmine on normal human sleep and dreaming. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 35:(10):1978;1239-1243.
    • (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.35 , Issue.10 , pp. 1239-1243
    • Sitaram, N.1    Moore, A.M.2    Gillin, J.C.3
  • 47
    • 0033898458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of physostigmine and benzodiazepines for the treatment of anticholinergic poisoning
    • Burns M.J., Linden C.H., Graudins A., et al. A comparison of physostigmine and benzodiazepines for the treatment of anticholinergic poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 35:(4):2000;374-381.
    • (2000) Ann Emerg Med , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 374-381
    • Burns, M.J.1    Linden, C.H.2    Graudins, A.3
  • 48
    • 0014089378 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of scopolamine-induced delirium with physostigmine
    • Crowell E.B. Jr., Ketchum J.S. The treatment of scopolamine-induced delirium with physostigmine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 8:(3):1967;409-414.
    • (1967) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 409-414
    • Crowell Jr., E.B.1    Ketchum, J.S.2
  • 49
    • 0021723030 scopus 로고
    • The reversal of epidural morphine induced somnolence with physostigmine
    • Shulman M.S., Sandler A., Brebner J. The reversal of epidural morphine induced somnolence with physostigmine. Can Anaesth Soc J. 31:(6):1984;678-680.
    • (1984) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 678-680
    • Shulman, M.S.1    Sandler, A.2    Brebner, J.3
  • 50
    • 0022453893 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind trial of the analgesic properties of physostigmine in postoperative patients
    • Petersson J., Gordh T.E., Hartvig P., et al. A double-blind trial of the analgesic properties of physostigmine in postoperative patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 30:(4):1986;283-288.
    • (1986) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 283-288
    • Petersson, J.1    Gordh, T.E.2    Hartvig, P.3
  • 51
    • 0008462784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic mechanisms and antinociception
    • Nemirovsky A., Niv D. Cholinergic mechanisms and antinociception. Curr Rev Pain. 1:1996;10-22.
    • (1996) Curr Rev Pain , vol.1 , pp. 10-22
    • Nemirovsky, A.1    Niv, D.2
  • 52
    • 0022627582 scopus 로고
    • Antinociception opioids and the cholinergic system
    • Green P.G., Kitchen I. Antinociception opioids and the cholinergic system. Prog Neurobiol. 26:(2):1986;119-146.
    • (1986) Prog Neurobiol , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-146
    • Green, P.G.1    Kitchen, I.2
  • 53
    • 0028997626 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative analgesia from intrathecal neostigmine in sheep
    • Bouaziz H., Tong C., Eisenach J.C. Postoperative analgesia from intrathecal neostigmine in sheep. Anesth Analg. 80:(6):1995;1140-1144.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , Issue.6 , pp. 1140-1144
    • Bouaziz, H.1    Tong, C.2    Eisenach, J.C.3
  • 54
    • 0021187168 scopus 로고
    • Anticholinesterase drugs in the treatment of chronic pain
    • Schott G.D., Loh L. Anticholinesterase drugs in the treatment of chronic pain. Pain. 20:(2):1984;201-206.
    • (1984) Pain , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-206
    • Schott, G.D.1    Loh, L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.