Surface forcing on the southern flank of Georges Bank, February-August 1995

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 108, Issue 11, 2003, Pages

  Beardsley, Robert C ^a   Lentz, Steven J ^a   Weller, Robert A ^a   Limeburner, Richard ^a   Irish, James D ^a   Edson, James B ^a  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Georges Bank; Gulf of Maine; Heat flux; Surface forcing; Wind stress

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; CONTINENTAL SHELF; FRESHWATER INPUT; HEAT FLUX; WIND STRESS;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GEORGES BANK;

EID: 1542286709     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2002jc001359     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Alessi, C., et al., The 1995 Georges Bank Stratification Study moored array measurements, Tech. Rep. WHOI-01-11, 101 pp., Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass., 2001. (Available at http://globec.whoi.edu/globec-dir/reports/WHOI-01-11-GLOBEC.pdf).
2. Beardsley, R. C., A comparison of the VACM and new EG&G VMCM on a surface mooring in CODE-1, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1845-1859, 1987.
3. Beardsley, R. C., A. G. Enriquez, C. A. Friehe, and C. A. Alessi, Intercomparison of aircraft and buoy measurements of wind and wind stress during SMILE, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 969-977, 1997.
4. Beardsley, R. C., E. P. Dever, S. J. Lentz, and J. P. Dean, Surface heat flux variability over the northern California shelf, J. Gcophys. Res., 103, 21,553-21,586, 1998.
5. Bigelow, H. B., Physical oceanography of the Gulf of Maine, U.S. Fish. Bull., 40, 511-1027, 1927.
6. Bluestein, H. B., Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Mid-latitudes, vol. II, Observations and Theory of Weather Systems, 594 pp., Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1993.
7. Brink, K. H., R. Limeburner, and R. C. Beardsley, Properties of flow and pressure over Georges Bank as observed with near-surface drifters, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C11), 8001, doi:10.1029/2001JC001019, in press, 2003.
8. Buckley, L. J., and G. Lough, Recent growth, biochemical composition, and prey field of larval haddock (Melogrammus aeglefinus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on Georges Bank, Can. J. Fish. Aquatic Sci., 44, 14-25, 1987.
9. Bunker, A. F., Computation of surface energy flux and annual air-sea interaction cycles of the North Atlantic Ocean, Mon. Weather Rev., 104, 1122-1139, 1976.
10. Butman, B., and R. C. Beardsley, Long-term observations on the southern flank of Georges Bank. Part I: A description of the seasonal cycle of currents, temperature, stratification, and wind stress, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 367-384, 1987.
11. Chen, C., R. Beardsley, P. Franks, and J. Van Keuren, Influences of the diurnally varying heat flux on stratification and residual circulation on Georges Bank, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C11), 8008, doi:10.1029/2001JC001245, in press, 2003.
12. Churchill, J. H., J. P. Manning, and R. C. Beardsley, Slope water intrusions onto Georges Bank, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C11), 8012, doi:10,1029/2002JC001400, in press, 2003.
13. Cry, G. W., Tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, Tech. Rep. 55, 149 pp., Weather Bureau, U.S. Dept. of Comm., Washington, D. C., 1965.
14. Dean, J. P., and R. C. Beardsley, A vector-averaging wind recorder (VAWR) system for surface meteorological measurements in CODE, Tech. Rep. WHOI-88-20, 68 pp., Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass., 1988.
15. Donelan, M. A., Air-sea Interaction, in The Sea, edited by B. LaMehaute and D. Hanes, pp. 239-292. John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J., 1990.
16. Donelan, M. A., F. W. Dobson, S. D. Smith, and R. J. Anderson, On the dependence of sea surface roughness on wave development, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2143-2149, 1993.
17. Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, D. P. Rogers, J. B. Edson, and G. S. Young, Bulk parameterization air-sea fluxes for TOGA-COARE, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3747-3764, 1996.
18. Flagg, C. N., Hydrographic structure and variability, in Georges Bank, edited by R. H. Backus, pp. 108-124, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1987.
19. Friehe, C. A., R. C. Beardsley, C. D. Winant, and J. P. Dean, Intercomparison of aircraft and surface buoy meteorological data during CODE-1, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 1, 79-86, 1984.
20. Hamilton, G. D., NOAA Data Buoy Office programs, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 61, 1012-1017, 1980.
21. Hare, J. E., P. O. G. Persson, C. W. Fairall, and J. B. Edson, Behavior of Charnock's relationship for high wind conditions, paper presented at 13th Symposium of Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Dallas, Tex., 1999.
22. Hayden, B. P., and W. Smith, Season-to-season cyclone prediction, Mon. Weather Rev., 110, 239-253, 1982.
23. Hopkins, T. S., and S. Raman, Atmospheric variables and patterns, in Georges Bank, edited by R. H. Backus, pp. 66-73, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1987.
24. Hosom, D, S., R. A. Weller, R. E. Payne. and K. E. Prada, The IMET (Improved METeorology) ship and buoy systems, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 12, 527-540, 1995.
25. Johnson, H. K., J. Hojstrup, H. J. Vested, and S. E. Larsen, On the dependence of sea surface roughness on wind waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1702-1716, 1998.
26. Josey, S. A., A comparison of ECMWF, NCEP-NCAR, and SOC surface heat fluxes with moored buoy measurements in the subduction region of the Northeast Atlantic, J. Clim., 14, 1780-1789, 2001.
27. Josey, S. A., E. C. Kent, and P. K. Taylor, The Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC) Ocean-Atmosphere Heat, Momentum, and Freshwater Flux Atlas, Rep. 6, 30 pp., Southampton Oceanogr. Cent., Southampton, England, 1998.
28. Kraus, E. B., and J. A. Businger, Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction, 362 pp., Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1994.
29. Large, W. G., and S. Pond, Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds, J. Phys. Oceanogr., II, 324-336, 1981.
30. Lentz, S. J., R. C. Beardsley, J. D. Irish, J. Manning, P. C. Smith, and R. A. Weller, Temperature and salt balances on Georges Bank February-August 1995, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C11), 8006, doi:10.1029/2001JC001220, in press, 2003.
31. MacWhorter, M. A., and R. A. Weller. Error in measurements of incoming shortwave radiation made from ships and buoys, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 8, 108-117, 1991.
32. Manning, J., and G. Strout, Georges Bank winds: 1975-1997, Deep Sea Res. II, 48, 115-136, 2001.
33. Mather, J., H. Adams, and G. Yoshioka, Coastal storms of the eastern United States, J. Appl. Meteorol., 3, 693-706, 1964.
34. Miller, J. E., Cyclogenesis in the Atlantic coastal region of the United States. J. Meteorol., 3, 31-46, 1946.
35. Mountain, D. G., G. A. Strout, and R. C. Beardsley, Surface heat flux in the Gulf of Maine, Deep Sea Res. II, 43, 1533-1546, 1996.
36. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatological Data, New England, August 1995, 107(08), Silver Spring, Md., 1995a.
37. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatological Data, Annual Summary, New England, 1995, 107(13), Silver Spring, Md., 1995b.
38. Pawlowicz, R., B. Beardsley, S. Lentz., E. Dever, and A. Anis, Software simplifies air-sea data estimates, Eos Trans. AGU, 84, 2, 2001.
39. Payne, R. E., Albedo of the sea surface, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 959-970, 1972.
40. Payne, R. E., Air temperature shield tests, Tech. Rep. WHOI-87-40, 22 pp., Woods Hole Oceanogr. Instit., Woods Hole, Mass., 1987.
41. Serra, Y. L., P. A'Hearn, H. P. Freitag, and M. J. McPhaden. ATLAS selfsiphoning rain gauge error estimates, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 1989-2002, 2001.
42. Taylor, P. K., and M. J. Yelland, The dependence of sea surface roughness on the height and steepness of the waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 31, 2001.
43. Weller, R. A., D. L. Rudnick, R. E. Payne, J. P. Dean, N. J. Pennington, and R. P. Trask, Measuring near-surface meteorology over the ocean from an array of surface moorings in the Subtropical Convergence Zone, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 86- 03, 1990.
44. Werner, S. R., R. C. Beardsley, S. J. Lentz, D. Hebert, and N. Oakey, Observations and modeling of the tidal bottom boundary layer on the southern flank of Georges Bank, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C11), 8005, doi:10.1029/2001JCOO]271, in press, 2003a.
45. Werner, S. R., R. C. Beardsley, and A. J. Williams, Bottom friction and bedforms on the southern flank of Georges Bank, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C11), 8004, doi:10.1029/2000JC000692, in press, 2003b.
46. Williams. J., The Weather Book, 212 pp., Vintage, New York, 1992.
47. Yang, D., B. E. Goodison, J. R. Metcalfe, V. S. Golubev, R. Bates, T. Pangburn, and C. L. Hanson, Accuracy of NWS 8" standard nonrecording precipitation gauge: Results and application of WMO intercomparison, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 54-68, 1998.
48. Yuter, S., and W. Parker, Rainfall measurement on ship revisited: The 1997 PACS TEPPS cruise, J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 1003-1018, 2001.