Central American Unions in the Era of Globalization

Latin American Research Review

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 7-53

  Frundt, Henry J ^a  

^a RAMAPO COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 1542264715     PISSN: 00238791     EISSN: 15424278     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0023879100024468     Document Type: Article

References (160)

1. AGUILAR GUILLEN, JOSE VICTOR 1998 Sindicatos y sector informal: Caso El Salvador. San Salvador: OIT.
2. 1999 Situacion de las organizaciones sindicalcs en El Salvador. San Salvador: CENTRA.
3. 2000 Mercado de trabajo y contracion colectiva en El Salvador. San Salvador: CENTRA.
4. ALVAREZ, SONIA Eo, EVELINA DAGNINO, AND ARTURO ESCOBAR, EDS. 1998 Cultures ofPolitics, Politics ofCultures: Revisioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.
5. ANNER, MARK 2001 "Local and Transnational Can1paigns to End Sweatshop Practices." In Transnational Cooperation among Labor Unions, edited by Michael E. Gordon and Lowell Turner, 238-55. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
6. ARMBRUSTER, RALPH 1999 "Globalization and Cross-Border Labor Organizing: The Guatemalan Maquiladora Industry and the Phillips Van Heusen Workers' Movement." Latin American Perspectives 26, no. 2:108-28.
7. ARMSTRONG, ROBERT, HANK FRUNDT, HOBART SPALDING, AND SEAN SWEENEY 1987 Working against Us: AIFLD and the International Policy of the AFL-CIO. New York: NACLA.
8. AREVALO, ROLANDO, AND JOAQUIN ARRIOLA 1995 Estudias de casas y educacion abrera en zonas francas y empresas maquiladoras en paises del istmo ce11troamericano y Repziblica Dominicana. San Salvador: CENTRA and International Labour Organization.
9. 1996 "El caso de El Salvador." In La situacion sociolaboral en las zonas francas y empresas maquiladoras del istmo centroamericano y Repliblica Dominicana. Costa Rica: ILO and Roxana Marins.
10. ASEPROLA (ASOCIACION SERVICIOS DE PROMOCION LABORAL) 1996 Elementos para una estrategia sindical desde la perspectiva de las trabajadoras. San Jose, C.R.: ASEPROLA.
11. BARLOW, MAUDE, AND TONY CLARK 2001 Global Showdown. Toronto: Stoddart.
12. BARRY, TOM, AND DEB PREUSCH 1990 AIFLD in Latin America: Agents as Organizers. Albuquerque, N.M.: Resource Center.
13. BENJAMIN, MEDIA, ED. 1987 Don't BeAfraid, Gringo: AHonduran Woman Speaksfrom theHeart. San Francisco, Calif.: Institute for Food and Development Policy.
14. BERMUDEZ UMANA, GILBERT 1998 "Repression in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica." In EMAUS 1998, 14-18.
15. BICKMAN MENDEZ, JENNIFER, AND RONALD KOPKE 2001 Mujeres y maquila. San Salvador: Fundaci6n Heinrich B611.
16. BONANICH, EDNA, LUCIE CHENG, NORMA CHINCHILLA, NORA HAMILTON, AND PAUL ONG, EDS. 1994 Global Production: The Apparellndllstry in the Pacific Rim. Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press.
17. BOOTH, JOHN 1998 Costa Rica: Quest for Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westvievv.
18. BRONFENBRENNER, KATE, SHELDON FRIEDMAN, RICHARD W. HURD, RONALD I.. SEEGER, AND RUDOLPH A. OSWALD, EDS. 1998 Organizi11g to Win. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
19. BRONFENBRENNER, KATE, AND TOM JURAVICH 1998 "It Takes More Than House Calls: Organizing to Win \'vith a C0111prehensive Union-Building Strategy." In BRONFENBRENNER ET A t. 1998, 19-36.
20. BROOKS, ETHEL, AND WINIFRED TATE 1999 / IAfter the Wars: Cross-Border Organizing in Central Alnerica." NACLA Report 011 the Americas 32, no. 4:32-37.
21. BUITELAAR, RUDOI.I·~ AND RAMON PADILLA PERI·:Z 2000 "Maquila Economic Reforn1 and Corporate Strategies." World DC1.1c!opmel1t 28, no. 9:1627-42.
22. BULMER-THOMAS, VICTOR 1987 The Political Economy ofCentral America since 1920. Canlbridge: Cambridge University Press.
23. CABRERA, CECILIA 1997 "La nlaquila: Una expresi6n de esclavitud en pleno siglo XX." In LIEVENS 1997, 15-20.
24. CANDRAY, JOSE 2000 "Espacios juridico-politicos para la sindicalizaci6n en el sector publico en El Salvador." Jornadas 4:16-25 (published in San Salvador).
25. CARDONA MONTERROSA, AMILCAR EFREN 1999 Estado de las organizaciones de trabajadoras y trabajadores del sector p~iblico. San Salvador: CENTRA.
26. CARRERAS, CHARLES n.d. "The Central American Common Market, 1950-1960." Manuscript.
27. CENTRA (CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRABAJO) 2000 "Propuestas para mejorar los procesos de comunicaci6n sindical en El Salvador." San Jose: CENTRA.
28. CHINCHILLA, NORMA, AND NORA HAMILTON 1994 "The Garment Industry and Economic Restructuring in Mexico and Central America." In BONACICH ET AL. 1994, 287-308.
29. CHIQUITA BRANDS INTERNATIONAL, INC. 2001 2000 Corporate Responsibility Report. Cincinnati, Ohio: Chiquita.
30. COATS, STEPHEN 1991 "Phillips Van Heusen Workers Organize." Report on Guatemala 12, no. 4:8-9.
31. 1993 "Maquila Workers Campaign: Success Raises Questions." Report on Guatemala 14, no. 2:13-15.
32. 1996 "Taking on Phillips Van Heusen: Maquila Workers Fight for a Contract." Report 011 Guatemala 17, no. 4:6-7, 12-13.
33. 1998 Reflections on the Issue of Independent Monitoring. Washington D.C.: Campaign for Labor Rights.
34. n.d. "Central American Labor Solidarity: Lessons for Activists?" In Organizing for Globalization, edited by United for a Fair Economy, forthcoming.
35. COMPA, LANCE 2001 "Wary Allies." In "Special Report: The Face of Globalization," American Prospect 12, no. 12 (2-16 July):8-9.
36. COMPA, LANCE, AND STEPHEN F. DIAMOND 1996 Human Rights, Labor Rights, and Illternational Trade. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
37. COOK, MARIA LORENA 1999 "Trends in Research on Latin American Labor and Industrial Relations." LARR 34, no. 1:237-55.
38. COOR, ANDERS 1999 "Battling the Banana Baron." In No Trespassillg: Squattillg, Rent Strikes, alld Lalld Struggles Worldwide, 39-50. Boston, Mass.: South End Press.
39. CORDERO, ALLEN 1999 Actualizaci6ll del t!stlldio sobre la sitllaci611 sociolahoral t!n las t!mpresas maqlliladoras del Istmo Centrol1mericano y I~epliblica Dominicana. San Jose: OIT.
40. COVERCO 2000 Las condiciones laborales t!n el sector dc cafe. Guatenlala City: COVEReO.
41. CTCA (CONFEDERACION DE TRABAJADORES DE CENTRO AMERICA) 1996 Labor Code flarmonization ill Central Amcrica. San Jose: CTCA.
42. DAVIS, BENJAMIN 1995 "The Effects of Worker Rights Protections in U.s. Trade La\vs: A Case Study of El Salvador." American Ul1i'ucrsity JOllrnal of International Law and Policy 10, no. 3: 1167-1214.
43. DOSAL, PAUL J. 1993 Doing Business with the Dictators. Wilnlington, Del.: Scholarly Resources.
44. DUNKERLEY, JAMES 1994 The Pacification ofCentral America: Political Change in the Isthmus, 1987-1993. London: Verso.
45. EMAUS FORUM 1998 Bananas for the World: At What Cost to Costa Rica? San Jose: Foro Emaus.
46. FALLAS, CARLOS 1975 Mamita yunai. San Jose, C.R.: Lehman.
47. FITZSIMMONS, TRACY, AND MARK ANNER 1999 "Civil Society in a Postwar Period: Labor in the Salvadoran Democratic Transition." LARR 34, no. 3:103-28.
48. FLORES, JUAN JOSE 1993 El solidarismo desde adentro. San Jose, C.R.: ASEPROLA.
49. FORM, WILLIAM 1990 "Organized Labor." In The Nature of Work, edited by Kai Erikson and S. Vallas, 319-42. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
50. FORSTER, CINDY 1996 "Guatemalan Labor Confronts Free Trade." Report on Guatemala 17, no. 3:8-13.
51. FRUNDT, HENRY J. 1987 Refreshing Pauses: Coca Cola and Human Rights in Guatemala. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
52. 1990 "Guatemala in Search of Democracy" Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 32, no. 3:25-74.
53. 1996 "Trade and Cross-Border Labor Strategies in the Americas." Economic and Industrial Democracy 17, no. 3:387-418.
54. 1998 Trade Conditions and Labor Rights: U.S. Initiatives, Dominican and Central American Responses. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
55. 1999 "Cross Border Organizing in Apparel: Lessons from the Caribbean and Central America." Labor Studies Journal 24, no. 1:89-106.
56. 2001 "The Impact of Private Codes and the Union Movement." Paper presented to the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, D.C., 6-8 September.
57. 2002 "Cross-Border Organizing Models in Maquila Industries." In U.S. Unions in aGlobalized Environment: Shifting Borders, Organizational Boundaries, and Social Roles, edited by Bruce Nissen, 40-60.
58. FUENTES ARAGON, JORGE HOMERO 1998 Guatemala: Futuro del sindicalismo, sindicalismo del futuro. Materiales de Estudio y Trabajo no. 26. Guatemala City: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
59. 2000 "Breve referencia historica, su desarrollo y las relaciones laborales guatemaltecas." Paper presented to the Instancia Inter-Universitaria de Colaboracion Academica en Derecho del Trabajo, Instituto de Derechos Humanos, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala, 3 October.
60. FUENTES ARAGON, JORGE HOMERO, ED. 1996 Una mirada al sindicalismo. Materiales de Estudio y Trabajo no. 12. Guatemala City: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
61. FUNDACION MYRNA MACK 1993 "La privatizaci6n y los derechos economicos y sociales." Guatemala City: Fundaci6n Myrna Mack.
62. GADIO, JULIO 1987 Historia del movimicnto obrero latiolloamerical1o. 3 volunlcs. San Jose, C.R.: Nueva Sociedad.
63. GASPAR TAPIA, GABRIEL 1993 "Centro Anlerica: Accion sindical en el Inarco de la crisis." Iztalpalpa 13, no. 30 (July-Dec):148-60 (published in Spain).
64. GITLI, EDUARDO 1997 La industria de la maquila el1 Centroanu'rica. San Jose, C.R.: Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica.
65. GOLDSTON, JAMES A. 1989 Shattered Hope: Guatemalan Workers and the Promise of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.
66. GONZALEZ, MARIO ANIBAL 1990 "El desarrollo de la industria de la maquila en Guatemala: Estudio de casas de la ocupaci6n de la mana de obra feminina." Guatemala City: Facultad Latino-Americana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO).
67. GONZALEZ, REYNALDO 1997 "El medio de los sindicatos: Reconstruccion significa privatizaci6n." Paper presented to the Latin American Studies Association, Guadalajara, Mex., 17-19 April.
68. GOODMAN, LOUIS w., WILLIAM M. LEOGRANDE, AND JOHANNA MENDELSON FORMAN 1990 Political Parties and Democracy in Central America. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.
69. GRAMSCI, ANTONIO 1971 Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers.
70. GREEN, LINDA B. 1997 "The Localization of the Global: Contemporary Production Practices in a Mayan Community in Guatemala." In The Third Wave of Modernization in Latin America, edited by Lynne Phillips, 51-65. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources.
71. GREENFIELD, G. M., AND S. MARAM, EDS. 1987 Latin American Labor Organizations. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.
72. HENWOOD, DOUGLAS 2000 "Profiteering in the Hemisphere." NACLA Report on the Americas 34, no. 3:49-53.
73. HILL, JENNIFER 1997 "Stitching Solidarity." OffOur Backs 27, no. 3:10-11.
74. HUALDE, A., AND J. P. PEREZ SAINZ 1994 "La gesti6n laboral en los tiempos de la globalizaci6n." Sociologia del Trabajo 22:91-113 (published in Spain).
75. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH 1997 "Corporations and Human Rights: Freedom of Association in a Maquila in Guatemala." New York: Human Rights Watch.
76. ICFTU (INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS) 1998 Annual Report. Geneva: ICFfU.
77. ILO (INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION) 1995 General Secretary's Report on Work Conditions. Geneva: ILO.
78. INFORME LABORAL 1993- Cuadernos, no. 1 (June) (published in San Salvador by the Fundaci6n Friedrich Ebert). 1994
79. JIMENEZ, RODRIGO, AND JANINA FERNANDEZ 2001 La igualidad de genero en el derecho laboral centroamericano. San Jose: ILO.
80. JONAS, SUSANNE 2000 OfCentaurs and Doves: Guatemala's Peace Process. Boulder, Colo.: Westvie\v.
81. JUHN, TRICIA 1998 Negotiating Peace in El Salvador. New York: St. Martin's.
82. KAMEL, RACHAEL, AND ANA HOFFMAN, EDS. 1999 The Maquiladora Reader: Cross-Border Organizing since NAFTA. Philadelphia, Pa.: American Friends Service Committee.
83. KECK, MARGARET, AND KATHRYN SIKKINK 1998 Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Nct'loorks in International Politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
84. KLEIN, NAOMI 2000 No Space, No Choice, No Jobs, No Logo. New York: Picador.
85. KOPKE, RONALD, NORMA MOLINA, AND CAROLINA QUINTEROS 2000 C6digos de conducta y 1110nitoreo en la industria dc confccci6n: Experiencias inten1l1-cionales y regionales. San Salvador: Fundaci6n Heinrich B6ll.
86. LAS LETT, MICHAEL 2001 "Coffee Workers Face Firings, Evictions, and Death Threats for Organizing in Guatemala." Labor Notes, no. 262:3, 6.
87. LEVENSON-ESTRADA, DEBORAH 1994 Trade Unions against Terror. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
88. LIEVENS, KARIN, ED. 1997 Las reptiblicas maquiladoras. Brussels: Oxfan1.
89. LOPEZ RIVERA, OSCAR AUGUSTO 1999 Guatemala: 111timidades de la pobreza. Guatemala City: Universidad Rafael Landivar and IDlES.
90. MAY, RACHAEL 2001 Terror in the Countryside: Campesino Resp011ses to Political Violence in Guatemala, 1954-1985. Athens: Ohio University Press.
91. MEC (MOVIMIENTO DE MUJERES MARIA CUADRA) 2000 Evaluacidl1 de los derechos laborales en el sector de las maquilas. Managua: MEC.
92. MEMBRENO, ROLAND, AND ELSA GUERRERO 1994 Maquila y orgal1izaciol1 shldical e11 Centroamerica. Managua: Centro de Estudios y Analisis, Universidad Centroamericana.
93. MENA, DAVID 1994 "El nuevo c6digo de trabjo en El Salvador." In Ruptura en las relaciones laborales, edited by Manfred Wannoffel. Mexico City: Fundaci6n Fredrich Ebert and Nueva Sociedad.
94. MIDDLEBROOK, KEVIN J., ED. 1998 Electoral Observation and Democratic Transitions in Latin America. La Jolla: Center for U.s.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego.
95. MINUGUA (MISION DE NACIONES UNIDAS EN GUATEMALA) 2001 Sexto il1forme del Secretario Ge11eral de las Naciones Unidas sobre la verificaci6n de los Acuerdas de Paz de Guatemala. Guatemala City: MINUGUA.
96. MONCADA VALLADARES, EFRAIN 1995 Las das caras de la maquila en Honduras. Documentos de Trabajo no. 10. Tegucigalpa: OIT and Postgrado Centroamericano en Economia y Planificaci6n del Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Honduras.
97. MONGE, LUIS ALBERTO 1997 Projecto de apoyo a la participacion in Central America en las Areas Libres Comercio de las Americas. Washington, D.C.: USAID.
98. MONZON, ANA SILVIA 1992 "Condiciones de vida de la mujer asalariada en las plantas maquiladoras de confecci6n: Area metropolitana de Guatemala." M.A. thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville.
99. MORALES MODENESI, LUISA EUGENIA, AND JULIO CELSO DE LEON 1995 "El movimiento sindical guaten1alteco en 1995." Guatemala City: Fundaci6n Friedrich Ebert.
100. NARANJO PORRAS, ANA VICTORIA 1999 Diagnostico sabre participaci6n si11dical de la mujer en Centroamerica. San Jose: COCENTRA and ASEPROLA.
101. NLC (NATIONAL LABOR COMMITTEE) 1991 Worker Rights and the New World Order: EI Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala. New York: NLC.
102. 1998 Behind Closed Doors, The Workers Who Make Our Clothes: University Students Investigate Factories. Nevv York: NLC.
103. 1999 Fired for Crying to the Gringos. Ne\v York: NLC and USAS.
104. O'KANE, TRISH 1994 "Nevv Autonomy, Ne\v Struggle: Labor Unions in Nicaragua." In The New Politics ofSurvival, edited by Morton Sinclair, 183-208. Ne\v York: Monthly Rcvic\v Press.
105. ORIT (ORGANIZACION REGIONAL INTERAMERICANA DE TRABAJADORES) 1989 Congreso EI Desafio del Cambio: Nuevas rll1nbos del sindicalis1110. Caracas: Nueva Sociedad.
106. PEREZ SAINZ, J. P. 1996 Dc fa finca ala l1uiqllina. San Jose, C.R.: FLACSO.
107. 1998 "The Ncvv Faces of Infonnality in Central Alnerica." Journal ofLatin A111erica11 Studies 30, pt. 1:57-79.
108. PERILLO, ROBERT 1998 "Long-running Dispute over the Right to Organize." Report 011 Guatemala 19, no. 3:6-9.
109. 2000 "Ecuador: Culprit and Victin1 in the Global Banana Crisis." In u.s. LEAP 2000c, 4-5.
110. PERILLO, ROBERT, AND MARIA EUGENIA TRF.jOS, EDS. 2000 A Strategic Analysis of the Central American Banllna Industry: An Industry in Crisis. Chicago, Ill.: U.S. LEAP for COLSIBA, AFL-CIO, and ACILS.
111. PETERSEN, KURT 1992 The Maquiladora Revolution in Guatemala. Nevv Haven, Conn.: Schell Center for Human Rights, Yale Law School.
112. PETRAS, JAMES 1997 "Imperialism and NGOs in Latin America" Monthly Revie'lo 49, 7:10-27.
113. PIORE, MICHAEL 1990 "Labor Standards and Business Strategies." In Labor Standards and Development in the Global Economy. Edited by Stephen Herzenberg and Jorge F. Perez-Lopez, 35-50. Washington D.C.: U.s. Department of Labor.
114. PLANT, ROGER 1994 Labour Standards and Structural Adjustment. Geneva: ILO.
115. PORTES, ALEJANDRO, MANUEL CASTELLS, AND LAUREN BENTON, EDS. 1989 The Informal EC011011lY: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
116. POSAS, MARIO, ED. 1998 Globalizaci6n, dese11lpleo y sector hlfonnal. Guatemala City: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. QUINTEROS, CAROLINA
117. 1999 Mujer, 11laquila y organizaci6n sindical en Centroamerica: Balance regional. San Jose, C.R.: ASEPROLA.
118. 2000 "Acciones y actores sindicales, para causas sindicales: El caso del monitoreo independientc en Centroamerica." Nueva Sociedad (published in Caracas), no. 169 (Sept.):162-76.
119. RAMIREZ, WERNER FERNANDO, ET A L 1994 El significado de la maquila en Guatemala. Cuadernos de Investigacion no. 10. Guatemala City: AVANSCO.
120. 1995 "Zonas francas e industrias maquiladoras en Guatemala." San Jose, C.R.: Organizacion Internacional de Trabajo.
121. REED, THOMAS, AND KAREN BRANDOW 1996 The Sky Never Changes: Testimonies from the Guatemalan Labor Movement. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
122. ROBINSON, WILLIAM 1996 Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, U.S. Intervention, and Hegemony. New York: Cambridge University Press.
123. 2000 "Polyarchy: Coercion's New Face in Latin America." NACLA Report on the Americas 34, no. 3:42-48.
124. ROSEN, FRED, AND DEIORE MCFADYEN, EDS. 1995 Free Trade and Economic Restructuring in Latin America. New York: Monthly Review Press.
125. ROSS, ANDREW, ED. 1997 No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade, and the Rights ofGarment Workers. New York: Verso.
126. RUTHRAUFI~ JOHN, AND TERESA CARLSON 1997 A Guide to the Inter-American De'Uelopmellt Bankand World Bank: Strategies for Guatemala. Washington D.C.: Center for DenHJcratic Education.
127. SEVILLA z., KATHY, AND MARIA MERCEDES BENDANA 1994 Maquila y organizaci6n sindical en Centroal1u'rica. Managua: Universidad de Centro An1erica and CEAL.
128. SIMS, BETH 1992 Workers ofthe World Undermined: American Lahor's Roll.'in U.S. Foreign Policy. Boston, Mass.: South End Press.
129. SPALDING, HOBART 1988a "U.5. Labor Intervention in Latin An1crica: The Case of the Alncrican Institute for Free Labor Developn1ent." In Trade Unions and the New Industrialization ofthe Third World, edited by Roger Southhall, 259-86. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.
130. 1988b "Unions Look South: AIFLD AlTIOk." NACLA Report on the Americas 22, no. 3 (May-June):14-27,37-38.
131. 1993 "The Two Latin An1crican Foreign Policies of the U.s. Labor Movement." Science and Society 57, no. 1 (Spring):421-39.
132. SPALDING, ROSE 1994 Capitalists and Revolution in Nicaragua: Opposition and Accommodation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
133. SPOHN, RICHARD n.d. "Labor Relations in Contemporary Guatemala." In-house document, Instituto de Intrapaz, Universidad Rafael Landivar.
134. STAHLER-SHOLK, RICHARD 1996 "Structural Adjustment and Resistance: The Political Economy of Nicaragua under Chamorro." In The Undermining ofthe Sandinista Revolution, edited by Gary Prevost and Harry Vanden, 74-113. London: Macmillan.
135. TARDANICO, RICHARD, AND RAFAEL MENJIVAR LARIN, EDS. 1997 Global Restructuring, Employment, and Social Inequality in Urban Latin America. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.
136. THOMAS, HENK, ED. 1995 Globalization and Third World Trade Unions: The Challenge ofRapid Economic Change. Atlantic Highland, N.J.: Zed.
137. TORRES-RIVAS, EDELBERTO 1993 History and Society in Central America. Austin: University of Texas Press.
138. 1997 Negociando el futuro: La paz en una sociedad violenta. Debate no. 36. Guatemala City: FLACSO.
139. TORRES-RIVAS, EDELBERTO, AND GABRIEL AGUILERA PERALTA 1998 Desde el autoritarianismo ala paz. Guatemala City: FLACSO.
140. TRAUB-WERNER, MARION, AND LINDA YANZ, EDS. 2000 "Women behind the Labels: Worker Testimonies from Central America." Chicago, Ill.: STITCH.
141. TREJOS, MARIA EUGENIA 1998 Centro America: Calidad total y poder en la empresa. San Jose, C.R.: ASEPROLA.
142. TRUDEAU, ROBERT H. 1993 Guatemalan Politics: The Popular Struggle for Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.
143. UCA (UNIVERSIDAD DE CENTRO AMERICA) 1996 Maquila Survey. San Salvador: UCA.
144. USAC (UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS) 1990 La industria maquiladora en Guatemala: Perspectivas y efectos econ6micos y sociales. Guatemala City: Facultad de Ciencias Economicas Departamento de Estudios de Problemas Nacionales, USAC.
145. u . s . LEAP 1999a "PVH Struggle Ends in Guatemala." U.S. Labor Education in the Americas Project, nos. 3-4 (Dec.), p. 5.
146. 1999b "Oldcst Union in Guatemala under Attack by Del Monte." U.S. Labor Education in the Americas Project, nos. 3-4 (Dec.), p. 1.
147. 2000a "Chiquita's Longstanding Guaten1ala Conflict Settled." U.S. Labor Education in the Americas Project, no. 1 (Mar.), p. 2.
148. 2000b "A Strategic Analysis of the Ccntral American Banana Industry." U.S. Labor Education in the Americas Project, no. 2 (Sept.), pp. 4-5.
149. 2000c "Del Monte Workers Return to Work But Victory Is Bittersweet." U.S. Labor Education in tlze Americas Project, no. 3, pp. 1,6.
150. 2001 "Chiquita Signs 'I-listoric' Worker Rights Agreement." U.S. Lahar Education in the Americas Project, no. 2 (Aug.), pp. 1,6-7.
151. VERMA, ANIL, RUSSELL SMITH, MARCUS SANDVER, KATHRYN READY, MORLEY GUNDERSO, LANCE CaMPA, AND RICHARD P. CHAYKOWSKI 1996 "Free Trade, Labor Markets, and Industrial Relations: Institutional Dcvelopn1cnts and the Research Agenda." Proceedings ofthe Forty-Eighth Annual Meeting, 421-42. Madison, Wis.: Industrial Relations Research Association.
152. VILAS, CARLOS M. 1995 Beh:ueen Earthquakes and Volcanoes: Market, Statc, and Revolution in Ccntral America. New York: Monthly Revic\'\' Prcss.
153. 1999 "The Decline of the Steady Job in Latin America." NACLA Report on tile Americas 32, no. 4:15-17.
154. VON HUEGEN, MIGUEL 1999 La econom(a social de mercado: (Una opcion para Guatemala? Guatemala City: IDlES and the Universidad Rafael Landivar.
155. WALKER, THOMAS w., AND ARIEL C. ARMONY, EDS. 1999 Repression, Resistence, and Democratic Transition in Central America. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources.
156. WEEKS, JOHN 1985 The Economies ofCentral America. New York: Holmes and Meier.
157. WEINRUB, AL, AND WILLIAM BOLLINGER 1987 The AFL-CIO in Central America: A Lookat the American Institute for Free Labor Development. Oakland, Calif.: Labor Network.
158. WITNESS FOR PEACE 1998 "Sewing Justice: US. Solidarity and the Workers' Struggle in Nicaragua's Maquilas." Washington, D.C.: Witness for Peace.
159. YANZ, LYNDA, AND BOB JEFFCOTT 2001 "Bringing Codes Down to Earth." International Union Rights 8, no. 3:8-10.
160. ZELEDON, NAZARENA 1997 "Nuestras trabajadoras son buenas y baratas." In LIEVENS 1997,21-26.