Misinterpretation of osteodensitometry with high bone density: BMD Z ≥ +2.5 is not "normal"

Journal of Clinical Densitometry

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-6

  Whyte, Michael P ^a,b  

^a BARNES JEWISH HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b SHRINERS HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN   (United States)

Author keywords

Endosteal hyperostosis; LRP5; Osteopenia; Osteopetrosis; Osteoporosis; Osteosclerosis; WHO

Indexed keywords

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN 5;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALBERS SCHOENBERG DISEASE; ARTICLE; BONE DENSITOMETRY; BONE DENSITY; CASE REPORT; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPEROSTOSIS; MALE; OSTEOPENIA; OSTEOPOROSIS; OSTEOSCLEROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 15244364126     PISSN: 10946950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1385/JCD:8:1:001     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. WHO. 1994 Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Technical Report Series No. 843. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
2. Jergas M, Genant HK. 1998 Contributions of Bone Mass Measurements by Densitometry in the Definition and Diagnosis of Osteoporosis. In: Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Management. Meunie, PJ, ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 37-57.
3. National Osteoporosis Foundation. 2003 Physician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Washington, DC: National Osteoporosis Foundation. Available at www.oif.org.
4. Brown JP, Josse RG. 2002 2002 Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. Canadian Med Assoc J 167(10 Suppl):S1-S34.
5. Kanis JA, Melton LJ, Christiansen C, Johnston CC, Khaltaev N. 1994 The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 9: 1137-1141.
6. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Wahner HW, Riggs BL. 1993 Long-term fracture prediction by bone mineral assessed at different skeletal sites. J Bone Miner Res 10: 1227-1233.
7. Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD. 1991 Pre-existing fractures and bone mass predict vertebral fracture incidence in women. Ann Intern Med 114:919-923.
8. Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. 1994 WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int 4: 368-381.
9. Friel JP, ed. 1994 Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 28th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1202.
10. Spraycar M, ed. 1995 Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 26th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1270.
11. Bonnick SL, ed. 2004 Bone Densitometry in Clinical Practice: Application and Interpretation Totowa, NJ: Humana, 219.
12. Whyte MP. 2003 Genetic, Developmental, and Dysplastic Skeletal Disorders. In: Primer on Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 5th ed. Favus M, Christakos S, Gagel RF, et al. eds. Washington, DC: American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 449-466 and 470-477.
13. Whyte, MP. 2004 High Bone Mass Disease. In: The Bone and Mineral Manual: a Practical Guide, 2nd ed. Kleerekoper M, Sirus E, McClung M, eds. San Diego, CA: Academic (in press).
14. Whyte MP. 1998 Skeletal Disorders Characterized by Osteosclerosis or Hyperostosis. In: Metabolic Bone Disease, and Clinically Related Disorders, 3rd ed. Avioli LV, Krane SM, eds. San Diego, CA: Academic, 697-738.
15. Whyte MP. 2002 Osteopetrosis. In: Connective Tissue and Its Heritable Disorders Molecular, Genetic, and Medical Aspects, 2nd ed. Royce PM, Steinmann B, eds New York, NY:. Wiley-Liss, 789-807.
16. Whyte MP. 1997 Searching for gene defects that cause high bone mass (editorial). Am J Hum Genet 60:1309-1311.
17. Liu YZ, Liu YJ, Recker RR, Deng HW 2003 Molecular studies of identification of genes for osteoporosis: the 2002 update. J Endocrinol 177:147-196.
18. Little RD, Carulli JP, Del Mastro RG, et al. 2001 A mutation in the LDL receptor-related protein 5 gene results in the autosomal dominant high-bone-mass trait. Am J Hum Genet 70: 11-19.
19. Boyden LM, Mao J, Belsky J, et al. 2002 High bone density due to a mutation in LDL-receptor-related protein 5. N Engl J Med 346:1513-1521.
20. Whyte MP, Reinus WH, Mumm S. 2004 High-bone-mass disease and LRP5. N Engl J Med 350:2096-2099.
21. Golob DS, McAlister WH, Mills BG, et al. 1996 Juvenile Paget disease: life-long features of a mildly affected young woman. J Bone Miner Res 11:132-142.
22. Ganry O, Baudoin C, Fardellone P, Peng J, Raverdy N. 2004 Bone mass density and risk of breast cancer and survival in older women. Eur J Epidemiol 19:785-792.
23. Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, et al. 1993 Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Lancet. 341:72-75.
24. Steel RBD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA. 1997 Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 612.
25. Robertson S, Kendler D. 2004 Calcium tablet artifact effects on spine DXA. International Society for Clinical Densitometry 10th Annual Meeting 2004; B-8. (Accessed October 7, 2004; http://www.iscd.org/Visitors/pdfs/ 2004AnnualMeetingAbstracts .pdf.)
26. Frame B, Honasoge M, Kottamasu SR: 1987 Osteosclerosis, Hyperostosis, and Related Disorders. New York, NY: Elsevier.