Tobacco control implications of the first European product liability suit

Tobacco Control

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 22-30

  Hiilamo, H T ^a  

^a Church Cncl/Diaconia Social R   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARCINOGEN;

ARTICLE; FINLAND; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH HAZARD; INTERNET; LAW SUIT; SMOKING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY;

ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CARCINOGENS; CONFLICT OF INTEREST; CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY; EUROPE; FINLAND; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; LIABILITY, LEGAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY;

EID: 15244356594     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tc.2004.007476     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. Aurejärvi E. Erään murhan anatomia - suomalainen tupakkatuomio. Helsinki: WSOY, 2004, (The Finnish tobacco case).
2. World Health Organization. Tobacco company strategies to undermine tobacco control activities at the World Health Organization. Report for the Committee of Experts on Tobacco Industry Documents. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
3. Dearlove JV, Bialous SA, Glantz, SA. Tobacco industry manipulation of the hospitality industry to maintain smoking in public places. Tobacco Control 2002;11:94-104.
4. Shamasunder B, Bero L. Financial ties and conflicts of interest between pharmaceutical and tobacco companies. JAMA 2002;288:738-44.
5. Muggli M, Forster J, Hurt, R. et al. The smoke you don't see: uncovering tobacco industry scientific strategies aimed against environmental tobacco smoke policies, Am J Public Health, 2001;91:1419-23.
6. Hirschhorn N. Shameful science: four decades of the German tobacco industry's hidden research on smoking and health. Tobacco Control 2000;9:242-7.
7. Ong E, Glantz SA. Constructing "sound science" and "good epidemiology": tobacco, lawyers, and public relations firms. Am J Public Health 2001;11:1749-57.
8. Neuman M, Bitton A, Glantz SA. Tobacco industry strategies for influencing European Community tobacco advertising legislation. Lancet 2002;359:1323-30.
9. Bialous SA, Shatenstein S. Profits over people. tobacco industry activities to market cigarettes and undermine public health in Latin America and the Caribbean, Pan American Health Organization, 2002.
10. Lambe M, Hallhagen E, Boëthius G. Cyniskt spel inom tobaksindustrin. Tvångspublicerade interna dokument avslöjar mångåriga ansträngningar att förneka eller tona ner tobakens negativa hälsoeffekter. Läkartidningen 2002;99:2756-62, (Cynical actions of the tobacco industry).
11. NOU 2000:16a. Tobakksindustriens erstatningsansvar. Vedlegg 9: Rapport fra gjennomgang av dokumentene i Minnesota Tobacco Document Depository, Av Guro M. H. Birkeland og Vidar Birkeland. Norges offentlige utredninger, 2000. (Tobacco industry liability. Report prepared for the Norwegian government).
12. NOU 2000:16b. Tobakksindustriens erstatningsansvar. Vedlegg 10: Rapport fra gjennomgang av dokumentene i Guildford Depository, Av Vidar Birkeland, Pål M. Andreassen og Lars Duvaland. Norges offentlige utredninger, 2000. (Tobacco industry liability. Report prepared for the Norwegian government).
13. Hiilamo H. Tobacco industry strategy to undermine tobacco control in Finland. Tobacco Control 2003;12:414-23.
14. Syyttäjä vs. Virtanen. Oikeudenkäyntipöytäkirja Ismo Virtasta vastaan nostetussa rikosoikeudenkäynnissä. 3. käsittely. Helsinki: Lääkärien sosiaalinen vastuu ry, 1994, 113. (Court record in the perjury case, third session).
15. Syyttäjä vs. Virtanen. Oikeudenkäyntipöytäkirja Ismo Virtasta vastaan nostetussa rikosoikeudenkäynnissä. 9. käsittely. Helsinki: Lääkärien sosiaalinen vastuu ry, 1995, 149. (Court record in the perjury case, ninth session).
16. Hiilamo H. Kieltämisen ammattilaiset. Tupakkayhtiöiden strategiat tupakkalainsäädännön estämiseksi Suomessa. Jyväskylä: Suomen ASH ry ja Lääkärien sosiaalinen vastuu ry, 2001, (Manufacturing doubt - tobacco industry strategies to undermine tobacco control in Finland).
17. Hakkarainen P. Tupakka - nautinnosta ongelmaksi. Tampere: Vastapaino, 2000, (Tobacco - from enjoyment to social problem).
18. Morris P. "Philip Morris Bermuda Legal Conference Tobacco Litigation". 9.5. 1995. Bates No. 2048789901. http://tobaccodocuments.org/ pm/2048789893-0055.html [Accessed 1 Sept 2003].
19. Zegart D. Civil warriors. The legal siege on tobacco industry. New York: Delta, 2001.
20. Rabin RL. The third wave of tobacco litigation. In: Radin RL, Sugarman SD, eds. Regulating tobacco. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001:204.
21. Morris P. "Philip Morris Bermuda Legal Conference Tobacco Litigation". 9.5.1995. Bates No. 2048789940. http://tobaccodocuments.org/ pm/2048789893-0055.html [Accessed 1 Sept 2003].
22. Hakkarainen P. Tupakka - nautinnosta ongelmaksi. Tampere: Vastapaino, 2000, 110. (Tobacco - from enjoyment to social problem).
23. Parrish SC. [Memorandum from Philip Morris counsel to Philip Morris employees and Philip Morris Counsel regarding Aho v. Suomen Tupakka Oy and Rettig Ab litigation]. 15.2.1989. Bates No. 2024960472. http://www.pmdocs.com/ ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2024960469 [Accessed 15 Sept 2003].
24. Kaarenoja S. [Letter from Satu Kaarenoja to BAT public affairs department]. 24.9.1986. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301128851. [Accessed 4 Feb 2002].
25. Aurejärvi E. Erään murhan anatomia - suomalainen tupakkatuomio. Helsinki: WSOY, 2004, 111. (The Finnish tobacco case).
26. Hakkarainen P. Tupakka - nautinnosta ongelmaksi. Tampere: Vastapaino, 2000, 145. (Tobacco - from enjoyment to social problem).
27. Aurejärvi E. Erään murhan anatomia - suomalainen tupakkatuomio. Helsinki: WSOY, 2004, 38. (The Finnish tobacco case).
28. Rabin RL. The Third Wave of Tobacco Litigation. In: Radin RL, Sugarman SD, eds. Regulating Tobacco. Oxford: University Press, 2001.
29. NOU 2000:16c. Tobakksindustriens erstatningsansvar. Vedlegg 1 Casting blame on the tobacco victim: Impact on assumption of the risk and related defenses in The United States tobacco litigation, Av Richard A. Daynard. Norges offentlige utredninger, 2000. (Tobacco industry liability. Report prepared for the Norwegian government).
30. KKO 2001:58. Korkeimman oikeuden ratkaisu ns. tupakkajutussa. Diaarinumero S 99/269. Esittelypäivä 14.3.2001. Taltionumero 1196. Antopäivä 7.6. 2001: 24, (Judgement by the Supreme Court in Finland concerning personal injury case).
31. Johnson JL. [Letter from JL. Johnson to JV. Kearney and CR.Wall]. PM Privilege Log. 6.9.1991. Bates No. 2501234889. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv. asp?DOCID=2501234886 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
32. Kearney JV, Wall CR. [Draft expert witness statement prepared by J.V. Kearney and C.R. Wall]. PM Privilege Log. September 1991 (estimated). Bates No. 2501234891. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2501234890 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
33. Kearney JV, Wall CR. [Draft expert witness statement prepared by J.V. Kearney and C.R. Wall]. PM Privilege Log. 6.9.1991. Bates No. 2501234893. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2501234892 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
34. Wells JK. "Aho". 30.11.1988. Bates No. 680302067-068. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bw/13042488.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
35. Glantz SA, Slade J, Bero L, et al. The cigarette papers. California: University of California Press, 1996.
36. Kluger R. Ashes to ashes. America's hundred-year cigarette war, the public health, and the unabashed triumph of Philip Morris. New York: Vintage Books, 1996, 323, 479-80.
37. Zegart D. Civil warriors. the legal siege on tobacco industry. New York: Delta, 2001:292.
38. Jacob, E. [Memorandum Regarding Funding for Research Proposal]. 8.11.1978. Bates No. 2010047832. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/22684. html [Accessed 22 June 2004].
39. Jacob, Medinger & Finnegan. [Invoices]. 1992-1995. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 503110062-503110449. File BCO157, Box GU, 2610. [Accessed 4 Feb 2002].
40. Newsom JT. "Aho v. Suomen Tupakka". 6.7.1988. Bates No. 2501111414. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2501111414.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
41. Jacob, Medinger & Finnegan. "Confidential Draft Report Prepared by B&W Outside Counsel in Connection with the Aho Case and Sent to B&W in-House Counsel Reflecting Legal Advice Regarding the Tobacco Smoking and Health Controversy". 5.10.1989. Bates No. 680802239-2363. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_bw/680802239-2363.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
42. Jacob EJ. "Re: Aho". 5.10.1989. Bates No. 680802217. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bw/13047684.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
43. Goold JA. "Subject: Aho". 13.1.1989. Bates No. 2024961989. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/25051.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
44. Goold JA. "Letter Between Joint Defense Counsel Regarding Industry Position in Aho v. Suomen Tupakka Oy and Oy Rettig Ab Litigation Sent by Joint Defense Counsel to Philip Morris Counsel for Review." 22.3.1989. Bates No. 2024960500-0505. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/25030.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
45. Goold JA. [Letter between joint defense counsel regarding industry position in Aho case to Philip Morris counsel for review] 22.3.1989. Bates No. 2024960500. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/25030.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
46. Syyttäjä vs. Virtanen. Oikeudenkäyntipöytäkirja Ismo Virtasta vastaan nostetussa rikosoikeudenkäynnissä. 3. käsittely. Helsinki: Lääkärien sosiaalinen vastuu ry, 1994, 113. (Court record in the perjury case, third session).
47. Goold JA. "Letter Between Joint Defense Counsel Regarding Industry Position in Aho V. Suomen Tuppaka Oy and Oy Rettig Ab Litigation Sent by Joint Defense Counsel to Philip Morris Counsel for Review." 22.3.1989. Bates No. 2024960503. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/25030.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
48. Gauthier G. [Letter from G. Gauthier to R. French]. PM Privilege Log. 12.10.1989. Bates No. 2024961799. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID= 2024961799 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
49. Andrade AJ. [Memorandum from A.J. Andrade to J.T. Newsom and S.F. Doering]. PM Privilege Log. 13.10.1989. Bates No. 2024961776. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2024961776 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
50. Andrade AJ. [Memorandum regarding industry expert witnesses in Aho civil trial in Finland]. PM Privilege Log. 27.11.1992. Bates No. 2501235094. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2501235094 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
51. Andrade AJ. [Memorandum regarding industry expert witnesses in Aho civil trial in Finland]. PM Privilege Log. 27.11.1992. Bates No. 2501235098. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2501235097 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
52. Goold JA. "Letter Between Joint Defense Counsel Regarding Industry Position in Aho v. Suomen Tuppaka Oy and Oy Rettig Ab Litigation Sent by Joint Defense Counsel to Philip Morris Counsel for Review." 22.3.1989. Bates No. 2024960504. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/25030.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
53. Goold JA. "Letter Between Joint Defense Counsel Regarding Industry Position in Aho v. Suomen Tuppaka Oy and Oy Rettig Ab Litigation Sent by Joint Defense Counsel to Philip Morris Counsel for Review." 22.3.1989. Bates No. 2024960503. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/25030.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
54. Philip Morris International "Background and Status on Aho Case Communications". 15.11.1991. Bates No. 2501067170-171. http:// tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2501067170-7172.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
55. Dulles F. [Letter from F. Dulles to J.Gould (RJR) and N. Gannar (BAT)]. 20.5.1988. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301133307. [Accessed 4 Feb 2002].
56. Cannar NB. [Memorandum prepared by N.B. Cannar on Finnish product liability litigation]. 1.6.1988. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301133273. [Accessed 4 Feb 2002].
57. Gocic JA. [Letter from RJR law department to S.C. Parrish and N.B. Cannar]. 22.12.1988. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301132040 [Accessed 4 Feb 2002].
58. Newson J. T. "Meeting in London". 6.6.1990. Bates No. 2023239673-695. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023239673-9695.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
59. Newson JT. "Meeting in London". 6.6.1990. Bates No. 2023239679. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023239673-9695.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
60. Harbour LJ. [Memorandum between counsel reviewing qualifications of potential expert witness in Finland]. PM Privilege Log. 19.7.1993. Bates No. 2501235154. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2501235151 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
61. Harbour LJ. [Letter regarding Finland criminal litigation relating to Dr. Virtanen]. PM Privilege Log. 28.4.1994. Bates No. 2023898292. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2023898292 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
62. Harbour LJ. [Letter regarding Finland criminal litigation relating to Dr. Virtanen]. PM Privilege Log. 28.4.1994. Bates No. 2023898300. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2023898293 [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
63. Parrish SC. "Aho v. Suomen Tupakka Oy and Oy Rettig Ab". 15.2.1989. Bates No. 2024960469-472. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/ 25029.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
64. Parrish SC. [Memo regarding Aho Case]. 12.5.1989. Bates No. 2024961550. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/25036.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
65. Parrish SC. [Memo regarding Aho Case]. 12.5.1989. Bates No. 2024961551. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024961551.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
66. Parrish SC. [Memorandum from S.C. Parrish to D. Harrisille]. 9.6.1989. Bates No.2024961547. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024961547.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
67. Parrish SC, Zahner M. [Memorandum from S.C. Parrish to F. Dulles]. 12.5.1989. Bates No. 2024961654. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024961653A- 1654.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
68. Parrish SC. "Aho V. Stoy, et al". 26.6.1989. Bates No. 2024961536-537. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024961536-1537.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
69. Parrish SC, Zahner M. [Letter to N. Cannar and J.A. Goold]. 12.6.1989. Bates No. 2024961621. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024961621.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
70. Coold JA. [Regarding lawsuit against Association of Finland Tobacco Manufacturers]. 5.6.1989. Bates No. 2024961624-1625. http://tobaccodocuments. org/bliley_pm/25041.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
71. Parrish SC. "Aho V. Stoy, et al". 26.6.1989. Bates No. 2024961536. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024961536-1537.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
72. Kauniskangas K. "Memorandum (version III) 1(4) Communication Plan Re Product Liability". 11.11.1991. Bates No. 2501067174. http:// tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2501067174-7177.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
73. Philip Morris International. "Background and Status on Aho Case Communications". 15.11.1991. Bates No. 2501067170. http://tobaccodocuments. org/pm/2501067170-7172.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
74. Pantet R, Parsons M. et al. "Group C: 'Court Decision'", 1991 (est.). Bates No. 2501171596. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2501171596.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
75. Philip Morris International. "Background and Status on Aho Case Communications". 15.11.1991. Bates No. 2501067170. http://tobaccodocuments. org/pm/2501067170-7172.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
76. Amer and American Tobacco et al. "Finland Communications Plan". 30.12.1991. Bates No. 2046533788. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2046533786- 3817.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
77. Han VC. "Aho Litigation". 10.1.1991. Bates No. 2046533869. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2046533869.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
78. Amer and American Tobacco et al. "Finland Communications Plan". 30.12.1991. Bates No. 2046533788-809. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/ 2046533786-3817.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
79. Amer and American Tobacco et al. "Finland Communications Plan". 30.12.1991. Bates No. 2046533788-795. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/ 2046533786-3817.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
80. Davis D. "The Aho Case Draft Q's & A's". 3.2.1992 (est.). Bates No. 2024670459-473. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024670459-0473.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
81. Philip Morris. "Finland Market Overview". 1992 (est.). Bates No. 2500054460-465. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2500054460-4466.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
82. Frisch R. "Finland Verdict Broadcast Media Response". 23.12.1991. Bates No. 2046533814. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2046533814- 3816.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
83. BATCo Corporate Affairs (Bacon D/Norwell I) [Meeting on 16th January 1992 - AHO CASE, list of participants]. 16.1.1992. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301129434. [Accessed 4 Feb 2002].
84. BATCo Corporate Arrairs (Bacon D/Norwell I) [Agenda for meeting on 16th January 1992]. 16.1.1992. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301129435. [Accessed 4 Feb 2002].
85. Puotila J. "London Meeting on Aho". 8.1.1992. Bates No. 2046533892. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2046533892.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
86. Winokur M. "Finland". 8.1.1992. Bates No. 2046533890. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2046533890.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
87. Puotila J, Winokur M. "Aho Preparations". 8.1.1991. Bates No. 2046533887-888. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2046533887-3888.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
88. Dennis DL. [Draft Q's & A's and background papers] 28.1.1992. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 304049290. [Accessed 4 Feb 2002].
89. Philip Morris International. "Aho Case Finland Communications / PR Activities". 13.1.1992 (est.). Bates No. 2046533822. http:// tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2046533821-3832.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
90. Philip Morris International. "Aho Case Finland Communications / PR Activities". 13.1.1992 (est.). Bates No. 2046533824. http:// tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2046533821-3832.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
91. Philip Morris International. "Aho Case Finland Communications / PR Activities". 13.1.1992 (est.). Bates No. 2046533825. http:// tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2046533821-3832.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
92. Norwell I. [Finnish product liability case (Aho)]. 31.1.1992. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301129469. [Accessed 4 Feb 2003].
93. Norwell I. [Finnish product liability case (Aho). Information for operating companies]. 31.1.1992. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301129470. [Accessed 4 Feb 2003].
94. Liljeström R. [Aho/STOY & Rettig]. 2.6.1992. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301129486-492. [Accessed 4 Feb 2003].
95. Dennis DL, Riley D. "Finland/Aho Product Liability Case". 5.2.1992. Bates No. 2024092642-643. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024092642- 2643.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
96. Amer, American Tobacco. "Agenda". 24.6.1991. Bates No. 2023250357. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023250357.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
97. Kauniskangas K. "Product Liability". 23.4.1991. Bates No. 2023250389. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023250389.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
98. Amer, American Tobacco. "Product Liability Meeting, Amer Group Ltd, Helsinki, Finland". 22.3.1991. Bates No. 2047634366. http:// tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2047634366.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
99. Wall CR. [Letter from C.R. Wall to C. Reims]. 21.1.1991. Bates No. 2023250085. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023250085.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
100. Andrade AJ. "Facsimile Transmission Proposed Response to the Institute of Occupational Health's Proposal to Include Ets on the List of Carcinogens." 10.4.1992. Bates No. 2501074210. http://tobaccodocuments.org/ pm/2501074210.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
101. Liljeström R. [Finnish Medical Board Ingredients (Second) Request]. 4.6.1990. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 300500711-715. [Accessed 4 Feb 2003].
102. Aurejärvi E. Erään murhan anatomia - suomalainen tupakkatuomio. Helsinki: WSOY, 2004, 57. (The Finnish tobacco case).
103. Parrish SC. (assumed). [Tobacco industry's response to the statement by the Consumer Complaint Board]. 22.8.1989. Bates No. 2024960636. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2024960636 [Accessed 19 June 2003].
104. Puotila J. "Product liability legislation/Finland". 8.6.1990. Bates No. 2501047215A-216. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2501047215A/ 7216 [Accessed 19 June 2003].
105. Aurejärvi E. Erään murhan anatomia - suomalainen tupakkatuomio. Helsinki: WSOY, 2004, 60. (The Finnish tobacco case).
106. BAT Finland Oy. [Company Plan 1993-1997]. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301526318. [Accessed 4 Feb 2003].
107. BAT Finland Oy. [Company Plan 1993-1997]. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 3015263336-337. [Accessed 4 Feb 2003].
108. Puotila J. "Minutes of the Philip Morris / Amer CA Meeting". 13.1.1992. Bates No. 2501067293. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2501067291-7295. html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
109. Davis D. "The Aho Case Draft Q's & A's". 3.2.1992 (est.). Bates No. 2024670459-470. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024670459-0473.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
110. Davis D. "The Aho Case Draft Q's & A's". 3.2.1992 (est.). Bates No. 2024670460. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024670459-0473.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
111. Kauniskangas K. "Memorandum (Version III) 1(4) Communication Plan Re Product Liability". 11.11.1991. Bates No. 2501067174. http:// tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2501067174-7177.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
112. Kauniskangas K. "Memorandum (Version III) 1(4) Communication Plan Re Product Liability". 11.11.1991. Bates No. 2501067174-175. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2501067174-7177.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
113. Davis D. "The Aho Case Draft Q's & A's". 3.2.1992 (est.). Bates No. 2024670459-473. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024670459-0473.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
114. Parrish SC. "Aho v. Suomen Tupakka Oy and Oy Rettig Ab". 15.2.1989. Bates No. 2024960469-470. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/ 25029.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
115. Parrish SC. "Aho v. Suomen Tupakka Oy and Oy Rettig Ab". 15.2.1989. Bates No. 2024960469-470. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bliley_pm/ 25029.html [Accessed 18 Sept 2003].
116. PJ. "Product liability/Aho case. Finland". 15.11.1991. Bates No. 2501067173. http://www.pmdocs.com/ppubpriv.asp?DOCID=2501067173 [Accessed 19 June 2004].
117. Carlson S. "N327". 29.6.1995. [Accessed 22 Sept 2003] Bates No. 2048405484. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2048405484-5490.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
118. Wall CR. [Letter to PL Clark]. 30.12.1991. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 503055411. [Accessed 4 Feb 2003].
119. Casingena PJ. [Letter to CR Wall]. 8.1.1992. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 503055409. [Accessed 4 Feb 2003].
120. Casingena PJ. [Invitation to R. Liljeström]. 10.1.1992. Guildford Depository. Bates No. 301129577. [Accessed 4 Feb 2002].
121. Ashurst M. et al, "Proposed Tobacco Litigation Representation to the Legal Aid Board on Behalf of Gallaher Limited, Rothmans International Tobacco (UK) Limited, Imperial Tobacco Limited and Philip Morris". 13. 8. 1992. Bates No. 2023247722-736. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023247722-7736.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
122. Ashurst M. et al, "Proposed Tobacco Litigation Representation to the Legal Aid Board on Behalf of Gallaher Limited, Rothmans International Tobacco (Uk) Limited, Imperial Tobacco Limited and Philip Morris". 13. 8. 1992. Bates No. 2023247731. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023247722-7736.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
123. Chadbourne Parke. "International Counsel Meeting Agenda". 24.6.1994 (est.). Bates No. 2047654142-143. http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/ 2047654142-4143.html [Accessed 22 Sept 2003].
124. Kluger R. Ashes to ashes. America's hundred-year cigarette war, the public health, and the unabashed triumph of Philip Morris. New York: Vintage Books, 1996:684-5.
125. Jacobson PD, Warner KE. Litigation and public health policy making: the case of tobacco control. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 1999;4:769-804.