Post-traumatic stress disorder in child witnesses to domestic violence

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

Volumn 67, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 639-644

  Kilpatrick, Kym L ^a   Williams, Leanne M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD ABUSE; EXPOSURE; FAMILY VIOLENCE; FEAR; HELPLESSNESS; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; SEXUAL ABUSE; WELLBEING; WITNESS;

CHILD; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC;

EID: 15144345965     PISSN: 00029432     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/h0080261     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Alessi, J.J., & Hearn, K. (1984). Group treatment of children in shelters for battered women. In A.R. Roberts (Ed.), Battered women and their families (pp. 49-61). New York: Springer.
2. American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed. rev.). Washington DC: Author.
3. Bookless-Pratz, C., & Mertin, P. (1990). The behavioural and social functioning of children exposed to domestic violence: A pilot study. Children Australia, 15, 4-7.
4. Butterworth, D., & Fulmer, A. (1990) The effect of family violence on young children: Implications for intervention. Perth, West Australia: Australian Association of Early Childhood Educators Inc.
5. Christopoulos, C., Cohn, D.A., Shaw, D.S., Joyce, S., Sullivan-Hanson, J., Kraft, S.P., & Emery, R.E. (1987). Children of abused women: Adjustment at time of shelter residence. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 611-619.
6. Doyle, J.S., & Bauer, S.K. (1989). Post-traumatic stress disorder in children: Its identification and treatment in a residential setting for emotionally disturbed youth. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2, 275-288.
7. Eth, S., & Pynoos, R.S. (Eds.). (1985a), Post-traumatic stress disorder in children. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
8. Eth, S., & Pynoos, R.S. (1985b). Witnessing acts of personal violence. In S. Eth & R.S. Pynoos (Eds.), Post-traumatic stress disorder in children. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
9. Frederick, C.J. (1985). Selected foci in the spectrum of post-traumatic stress disorders. In J. Laube & S.A. Murphy (Eds.), Perspectives on disaster recovery (pp. 110-130). Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
10. Goodwin, J. (1985). Post-traumatic symptoms in incest victims. In S. Eth & R.S. Pynoos (Eds.), Post-traumatic stress disorder in children (pp. 155-169). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
11. Hughes, H. (1982). Brief interventions with children in a battered women's shelter: A model preventative program. Family Relations, 4, 495-502.
12. Hughes, H.M., & Barad, S.J. (1983). Psychological functioning of children in a battered women's shelter: A preliminary investigation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 53, 523-531.
13. Jaffe, P.G, Wolfe, D.A., Wilson, S.K., & Zak, L. (1986a). Family violence and child adjustment: A comparative analysis of girls' and boys' behavioral symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 74-77.
14. Jaffe, P., Wolfe, D., Wilson, S., & Zak, L. (1986b). Similarities in behavioral and social maladjustment among child victims and witnesses to family violence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56, 142-146.
15. Jaffe, P.G., Wolfe, D. A., & Wilson, S. K. (1990). Children of battered women. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
16. Kiser, L.J., Ackerman, B.J., Brown, E., Edwards, N.B., McColgan, E., Pugh, R., & Pruitt, D.B. (1988). Post-traumatic stress disorder in young children: A reaction to purported sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 645-649.
17. Malmquist, C.P. (1986). Children who witness parental murder: Posttraumatic aspects. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 320-325.
18. Martini, D.R., Ryan, C., Nakayama, D., & Raenofsky, M. (1990). Psychiatric sequelae after traumatic injury: The Pittsburgh Regatta accident. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 70-75.
19. McLeer, S.V., Deblinger, E., Atkins, M.S., Foa, E.B., & Ralphe, D.L. (1988). Post-traumatic stress disorder in sexually abused children. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 650-654.
20. Pynoos, R.S., & Eth, S. (1985). Children traumatize by witnessing acts of personal violence: homicide, rape, or suicide behavior. In S. Eth & R.S. Pynoos (Eds.), Post-traumatic stress disorder in children. (pp. 19-42). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
21. Pynoos, R.S., & Eth, S. (1986). Witness to violence: The child interview. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 306-319.
22. Pynoos, R.S., Frederick, C., Nader, K., Arroyo, W., Steinberg, A., Eth, S., Nunez, F., & Fairbanks, L. (1987). Life-threat and post-traumatic stress in school-age children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 1057-1063.
23. Pynoos, R.S. & Nader, K. (1988). Psychological first aid and treatment approach to children exposed to community violence: Research implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 1, 445-473.
24. Pynoos, R.S., & Nader, K. (1993). Child PTSD Reaction Index. Unpublished test, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles.
25. Saigh, P.A. (1987). In vitro flooding of a childhood post-traumatic stress disorder. School Psychology Review, 16, 203-211.
26. Straus, M.A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41, 75-88.
27. Straus, M.A., Gelles, R.J., & Steinmetz, S.K. (1980). Behind closed doors: Violence in the American family. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Anchor Press.
28. Wolfe, D.A., Zak, L., Wilson, S., & Jaffe, P. (1986). Child witnesses to violence between parents: Critical issues in behavioral and social adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 95-104.