Squamous cell carcinoma of the bilharzial and non-bilharzial urinary bladder: A review of etiological features, natural history, and management

International Journal of Clinical Oncology

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 20-25

  El Sebaie, Medhat ^a,c   Zaghloul, Mohamed Saad ^a   Howard, Grahame ^b   Mokhtar, Alaa ^c  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (Egypt)

^b WESTERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c KING FAISAL SPECIALIST HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTER   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Bilharziasis; Bladder cancer; Radical cystectomy; Radiotherapy; Schistosomiasis

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BCG VACCINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; EPIRUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; IFOSFAMIDE; VINCRISTINE;

BLADDER; BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS; BLADDER CARCINOMA; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CYSTECTOMY; DYSPLASIA; HUMAN; LITERATURE; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; PATHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA;

CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; CYSTECTOMY; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; PROGNOSIS; RADIOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; RISK FACTORS; URINARY BLADDER NEOPLASMS;

EID: 15044356809     PISSN: 13419625     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10147-004-0457-6     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Khaled HM (1993) Bladder cancer and bilharziasis today. Cancer J 6:65-71
2. Sarma KP (1970) Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Int Surg 53:313-319
3. Pugh RCB (1973) The pathology of cancer of the bladder. Cancer 32:1267-1274
4. Lynch CF, Cohen MB (1995) Urinary system. Cancer 75:316-329
5. Miller A, Mitchell JP, Brown NN (1969) The Bristol Bladder Tumor Registry. Br J Urol 41(Suppl):1-64
6. Johnson DE, Schoenwald MB, Ayala AG, et al. (1976) Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 115:542-544
7. Rundle JSH, Hart AJL, McGeorge A, et al. (1982) Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: a review of 114 patients. Br J Urol 54:522-526
8. Sarma KP (1969) Squamous cell caricinoma of the bladder. In Sarma KP (ed) Tumors of the urinary bladder. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp 220
9. Widran J, Sanchez R, Gruhn J (1974) Squamous metaplasia of the bladder: a study of 450 patients. J Urol 112:479-482
10. Ghoneim MA, El-Makresh MM, El-Baz MA, et al. (1997) Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder. Critical evaluation of the results in 1026 cases. J Urol 158:393-399
11. El-Bolkainy MN (1998) Cancer of urinary tract. In: El-Bolkainy MN (ed): Topographic pathology of cancer. Cairo University, National Cancer Institute, Egypt, pp 59-63
12. El-Sebai I, Sherif M, El-Balkainy MN, et al. (1974) Verrucous squamous carcinoma of bladder. Urology 4:407-410
13. Prates MD (1962) The rates of cancer of the bladder in the Portuguese East Africans of Lourenco Marques. Acta UIC 18:643-647
14. El-Bolkainy MN, Ghoneim MA, Mansour MA (1972) Carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder in Egypt: clinical and pathological features. Br J Urol 44:561-570
15. Navon JD, Soliman H, Khonsari F, et al. (1997) Screening cystoscopy and survival of spinal cord injured patients with squamous cell cancer of the bladder. J Urol 157:2109-2111
16. Stonehill WH, Goldman HB, Dmochowski RR (1997) The use of urine cytology for diagnosing bladder cancer in spinal cord injured patients. J Urol 157:2112-2114
17. Locke JR, Hill DE, Walzer Y (1985) Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with long term catheter drainage. J Urol 133:1034-1035
18. Brenner DW, Yore LM, Schellhammer PF (1989) Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder after successful intravesical therapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Urology 34:93-95
19. Stein JP, Skinner EC, Boyd SD, et al. (1993) Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with cyclophosphamide therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis: a report of two cases. J Urol 149:588-589
20. Connery DB (1953) Leukoplakia in the urinary bladder and its association with carcinoma. J Urol 69:121-127
21. O'Flynn JD, Mullaney J (1974) Vesical leukoplakia progressing to carcinoma. Br J Urol 46:31-37
22. Takai K, Kakizoe T, Tobisu K, et al. (1988) Clinical significance of the presence of squamous cell carcinoma in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (in Japanese with English abstract). Jpn J Urol 79:1837-1847
23. Benson RC, Swanson SK, Farrow GM (1984) Relationship of leukoplakia to urothelial malignancy. J Urol 131:507-511
24. Sakamoto N, Tsuneyoshi M, Enjoji M (1992) Urinary bladder carcinoma with a neoplastic squamous component: a mapping study of 31 cases. Histopathology 21:135-141
25. Khan MS, Thornhill JA, Gaffney E, et al. (2002) Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder: natural history and rationalization of management based on review of 54 years. Eur Urol 42:469-474
26. Serretta V, Pomara G, Piazzo F, et al. (2000) Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in Western countries. Eur Urol 37:85-89
27. Tatsura H, Ishiguro Y, Okamuro T, et al. (1995) Bladder squamous cell carcinoma with human papilloma virus type 6 (HPV 6). Int J Urol 2:347-349
28. Mvula M, Jwasaka T, Iguchi A, et al. (1996) Do human papillomaviruses have a role in the pathogenesis of bladder carcinoma? J Urol 155:471-474
29. Westenend PJ, Stoop JA, Hendriks JGH (2001) Human papillomaviruses 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33/51 are not associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. BJU Int 88:198-201
30. Maloney KE, Wiener JS, Walther PJ (1994) Oncogenic human papillomaviruses are rarely associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: evaluation by differential polymerase chain reaction. J Urol 154:360-364
31. Boucher NR, Scholefield JH, Anderson JB (1996) The etiological significance of human papillomavirus in bladder cancer. Br J Urol 78:866-869
32. Fadl Elmula I, Gorunova L, Landgreen R, et al. (1998) Chromosomal abnormalities in two bladder carcinomas with secondary squamous cell differentiation. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 102:125-130
33. El-Aaser AA, El-Merzabani MM (1981) Biochemical detection of etiologic factors. In: El-Bolkainy CHU (ed) Detection of bladder cancer associated with schistosomiasis. National Cancer Institute, Al-Ahram Press, Cairo, pp 157-173
34. Merzabani MM, El-Aaser AA (1979) Etiological factors of bilharzial bladder cancer in Egypt: nitrosamines and their precursors in urine. Eur J Cancer 15:287-291
35. Badawi AF, Mostafa MH, O'Connor PJ (1992) Involvement of alkylating agents in schitosome - associated bladder cancer: the possible basic mechanisms of induction. Cancer Lett 63:171-188
36. Haitel A, Posch B, El-Baz M, et al. (2001, May) Bilharzial related, organ confined, muscle invasive bladder cancer: prognostic value of apoptosis markers, proliferation markers, p53, E-cadherin, epidermal growth factor receptor and c-erbB-2. J Urol 165:1481-1487
37. Mokhtar N (1991) Cancer pathology registry 1985-1989. National Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Al-Ahram Press, Cairo
38. Quilty PM, Duncan W (1986) Radiotherapy for squamous carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12:861-865
39. Johnson DE, Schoenwald MC, Ayala EG, et al. (1976) Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder. J Urol 115:542-544
40. Jones MA, Bloom HJG, Williams G, et al. (1980) The management of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Urol 52:511-514
41. Costello AJ, Tiptaft RC, England HR, et al. (1984) Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder. Urology 23:234-236
42. Swanson DA, Liles A, Zagars GK (1990) Preoperative irradiation and radical cystectomy for stages T2 and T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 143:37-40
43. Besserte PL, Abell MR, Herwig KR (1974) A clinicopathologic study of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 112:66-67
44. Daehlin L, Akslen LA, Haukaas S (1991) Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Scand J Urol Nephrol 25:275-276
45. Richie JP, Waisman J, Skinner DG, et al. (1976) Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: treatment by radical cystectomy. J Urol 115:670-672
46. Awwad HK, Massoud GE, Ghorab M, et al. (1970) Behavior of carcinoma of the urinary bladder associated with urinary bilharziasis. GANN 9:195-203
47. Badawi AF, Mostafa MH, O'Connor PJ (1992) Involvement of alkylating agents in schitosome-associated bladder cancer: the possible basic mechanisms of induction. Cancer Lett 63:171-188
48. Ghoneim MA, El-Hammady SM, El-Bolkainy MN, et al. (1976) Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of bilharzial bladder. Urology VIII 6:547-552
49. El-Said A, Omar S, Ibrahim S, et al. (1979) Bilharzial bladder cancer in Egypt. A review of 420 cases of radical cystectomy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 9:117-122
50. El-Sebai I (1983) Cancer of bilharzial bladder. In: El-Sebai I, Hoogsttraten B (eds) Bladder cancer, vol. II. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 163-196
51. Zaghloul MS (1996) Distant metastasis from bilharzial bladder cancer. Cancer 77:743-749
52. Khafagy MM, El-Bolkainy MN, Mansour MA (1972) Carcinoma of the bilharzial urinary bladder. A study of the associated mucosal lesions in 86 cases. Cancer 30:150-159
53. Tannenbaum M (1976) Squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial tumor of the bladder. Urology 7:5529-530
54. Zaghloul MS, Awwad HK, Akoush HH, et al. (1992) Postoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma in bilharzial bladder: improved disease free survival through improving local control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 23:511-517
55. Tannenbaum SI, Carson CC, Tatum A, et al. (1983) Squamous carcinoma of urinary bladder. Urology 22:597-599
56. Sakkas JL (1966) Clinical pattern and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Int Surg 45:71-74
57. Ghoneim MA (1994) Non transitional cell bladder cancer. In: Krane RJ, Siroky MB, Fitzpatrick JM (eds) Clinical urology, Chap 47. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 679-687
58. Sternberg CN, Yagoda A, Scher HI, et al. (1985) Preliminary results of M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) for transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. J Urol 133:403-407
59. Logothetis CJ, Johnson DE, Chong C, et al. (1988) Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy for bladder cancer: an update. J Clin Oncol 6:1590-1596
60. El-Sebai I (1978) Cancer of the bilharzial bladder. Urol Res 6:233-236
61. Ghoneim A, Mansour M, El-Bolkainy N (1972) Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of bilharzial bladder. Br J Urol 44:461-466
62. Rafla M, Ibrahim AS, Valleron AJ, et al. (1989) Evaluation of a model to predict recurrence after radical cystectomy in bilharzial bladder cancer patients. Br J Cancer 60:925-927
63. Ghoneim MA, Ashamalla AG, El-Hammady S, et al. (1979) Cystectomy for carcinoma of bilharzial bladder: 138 cases 5 years later. Br J Urol 51:541-544
64. Ghoneim MA, Awwad HK (1980) Results of treatment in carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder. J Urol 123:850-853
65. Awwad HK, Hegazy M, Ezzat S, et al. (1979) Cell proliferation of carcinoma in bilharzial bladder: an autoradiographic study. Cell Tissue Kinet 12:513-520
66. Ghoneim M, Ashamalla A, Awwad HK, et al. (1987) 2000 Rad preoperative radiotherapy and cystectomy for the treatment of carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder. J Egypt Nat Cancer Inst 3:257-262
67. Gad El-Mawla N, Hamza MR, Zikri Z, et al. (1989) Chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer. A review of phase II trials in Egypt. Acta Oncol 28:73-76
68. Gad El-Mawla N, Mansour MA, Eissa S, et al. (1991) A randomized pilot study of high-dose epirubicin as neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer of the bilharzial bladder. Ann Oncol 2:137-140
69. Khaled HM, Gad El-Mawla N, El-Said A, et al. (1996) Combination chemotherapy for advanced bilharzial bladder carcinoma. Ann Oncol 7:751-754
70. th, April 2004, pp 336-343