Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model

Journal of Health Communication

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 43-55

  Reynolds, Barbara ^a   Seeger, Matthew W ^b  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHAOTIC DYNAMICS; DISASTER; DISASTER PLANNING; EMERGENCY; HEALTH HAZARD; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK;

COMMUNICATION; DISASTER PLANNING; EMERGENCIES; HUMANS; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK;

EID: 14944377402     PISSN: 10810730     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10810730590904571     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. American Red Cross. (2002). American Red Cross. Retrieved, October 12, 2002, from http://www.Redcross.org
2. Auf Der Heide, E. (1989). Disaster response: Principles of preparation and coordination. Portland, OR: Book News.
3. Barton, L. (2001). Crisis in organizations II. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2003). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 20, 2003, from http://www.cdc.gov
5. Coombs, W. T. (1995). The development of guidelines for the selection of the "appropriate" crisis response strategies. Management Communication Quarterly, 4, 447-476.
6. Coombs, W. T. (1999). Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
7. Covello, V. T. (1992). Risk communication: An emerging area of health communication research. In S. A. Deetz (Ed.). Communication yearbook 15 (pp. 359-373). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
8. Department of Homeland Security. (2003). Ready. Gov. Retrieved April 13, 2003, from http://www.ready.gov
9. Egbert, N. & Parrott, R. (2001). Self-efficacy and rural women's performance of breast and cervical cancer detection practices. Journal of Health Communication, 6, 219-233.
10. Fearn-Banks, K. (2002). Crisis communications 2nd ed., Mahwah, NT: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
11. Fischhoff, B. & Downs, J. S. (2001). Communicating foodborne disease risk. Emerging infectious diseases, 3, 4. [On-line]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol3no4/ fischof.htm
12. Freimuth, V., Linnan, H. W., & Potter, P. (2000). Communicating the threat of emerging infections to the public. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 6, 4. [On-line]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no4/freimuth.htm
13. Guth, D. W. (1995). Organizational crisis experience and public relations roles. Public Relations Review, 21(1), 123-136.
14. Heath, R. L. (1994). Environmental risk communication: Cases and practices along the Texas Gulf coast. In B. R. Burelson (Ed.), Communication yearbook 18 (pp. 225-277). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
15. Lundgren, R. E. (1994). Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety and health risks. Columbus, OH: Battelle Press.
16. Mileti, D. S. & Sorensen, J. H. (1990). Communication of emergency public warnings. Washington, DC: Federal Emergency Management Administration.
17. Murray-Johnson, L., Witte, K., Liu, W., & Hubbel, A. P. (2001). Addressing cultural orientations in fear appeals: Promoting AIDS-protective behaviors among Mexican immigrant and African American adolescents and American and Taiwanese college students. Journal of Health Communication, 6, 335-358.
18. National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurement. (2001). Management of terrorist events involving radiological materials. Bethesda, MD: National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurement.
19. National Research Council. (1989). Improving risk communication. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
20. Pauchant, T. C. & Mitroff, I. I. (1992). Transforming the crisis-prone organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
21. Powell, D. A. & Leiss, W. (1997). Mad cows and mother's milk: The perils of poor risk communication. Buffalo, NY: McGill-Queen's University Press.
22. Quarantelli, E. L. (1980). Evacuation behavior and problems: Findings and implications from the research literature. Monograph #16. Newark, DE: Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware.
23. Ray, S. J. (1999). Strategic communication in crisis management: Lessons from the airline industry. Westport, CT: Quorum.
24. Reynolds, B. (2002). Crisis and emergency risk communication. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
25. Rogers, R. W. & Deckner, C. W. (1975). Effects of fear appeals and physiological arousal upon emotion, attitudes and cigarette smoking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 222-230.
26. Ropeik, D. & Gray, G. (2002). Risk: A practical guide for deciding what's really safe and what's really dangerous in the world around you. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.
27. Sandman, P. M. (1993). Responding to community outrage: Strategies for effective risk communication. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association.
28. Sandman, P. (2002). Smallpox vaccination: Some risk communication linchpins. Retrieved May 4, 2003, from http://www.psandman.com/col/SARS-1.htm
29. Sandman, P. (2003). "Fear is spreading faster than SARS" - And so it should. Retrieved May 4, 2003, from http://www.psandman.com/col/SARS-1.htm
30. Seeger, M. (2002a, November). Distinguishing risk communication and crisis communication: Some preliminary thoughts about the anthrax episode. Paper presented at the National Communication Association Conference, New Orleans, LA.
31. Seeger, M. W. (2002b). Chaos and crisis: Propositions for a general theory of crisis communication. Pubic Relations Review, 28, 329-337.
32. Seeger, M. W. & Bolz, B. (1996). Technological transfer and multinational corporations in the Union Carbide crisis Bhopal, India. In J. A. Jaksa & M. S. Pritchard (Eds.), Responsible communication: Ethical issues in business, industry, and the professions (pp. 245-265). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
33. Seeger, M. W., Sellnow, T. L., & Ulmer, R. R. (1998). Communication, organization and crisis. In M. E. Roloff (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 21. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
34. Seeger, M. W., Sellnow, T. L., & Ulmer, R. R. (2001). Public relations and crisis communication: Organizing and chaos. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Public relations handbook (pp. 155-166). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
35. Seeger, M. W., Sellnow, T. L., & Ulmer, R. R. (2003). Communication, organization and crisis. West port, CT: Quorum.
36. Seeger, M. W., Vennette, S., Ulmer, R. R., & Sellnow, T. L. (2002). Media use, information seeking, and reported needs in post crisis contexts. In B. S. Greenberg (Ed.), Communication and terrorism: Public and media responses to 9/11 (pp. 53-63). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
37. Sellnow, T., Seeger, M., & Ulmer, R. R. (2002). Chaos theory, informational needs and the North Dakota floods. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30(3), 269-292.
38. Small, W. (1991). Exxon Valdez: How to spend billions and still get a black eye. Public Relations Review, 17(1), 9-26.
39. Smart, R. G. & Fejer, D. (1974). The effects of high and low fear messages about drugs. Journal of Drug Education, 16, 32-37.
40. Sorensen, J. H. (2000). Hazard warning systems: Review of 20 years of progress. Natural Hazards Review, 1(2), 119-125.
41. Turner, B. (1976). The organizational and interorganizational development of disasters. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 378-397.
42. Ulmer, R. R. & Sellnow, T. L. (2000). Consistent questions of ambiguity in organizational crisis communication: Jack in the box as a case study. Journal of Business Ethics, 25(2), 143-155.
43. Wilcox, D. L., Ault, P. H., & Agee, W. K. (1986). Public relations strategies and tactics. New York: Harper & Row.
44. Witte, K. (1992). Preventing AIDS through persuasive communications: A framework for constructing effective, culturally specific, preventative health messages. International and Intercultural Health Communication Annual, 16, 67-86.
45. Witte, K. (1995). Generating effective risk messages: How scary should your risk communication be? In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication yearbook (vol. 18, pp. 229-254). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
46. Witte, K., Meyer, G., & Martel, D. (2000). Effective health risk messages. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.