The prevalence of wasting, but not stunting, has improved in the democratic People's Republic of Korea

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 135, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 452-456

  Hoffman, Daniel J ^a   Lee, Soo Kyung ^a  

^a the State University of New Jersey   (United States)

Author keywords

Children; North Korea; Stunting; Undernutrition; Wasting

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOMETRY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; MALNUTRITION; NORTH KOREA; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; SOCIAL STATUS; STUNTING SYNDROME; WASTING SYNDROME;

EID: 14944341235     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.3.452     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. de Onis, M. & Blossner, M. (2003) The World Health Organization Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition: methodology and applications. Int. J. Epidemiol. 32: 518-526.
2. Frongillo, E. A., Jr., de Onis, M. & Hanson, K. M. (1997) Socioeconomic and demographic factors are associated with worldwide patterns of stunting and wasting of children. J. Nutr. 127: 2302-2309.
3. Kikafunda, J. K., Walker, A. F., Collett, D. & Tumwine, J. K. (1998) Risk factors for early childhood malnutrition in Uganda. Pediatrics 102: E45.
4. Ojofeitimi, E. O., Owolabi, O. O., Aderonmu, A., Esimai, A. O. & Olasanmi, S. O. (2003) A study on under five nutritional status and its determinants in a semi-rural community of Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Nutr. Health 17: 21-27.
5. Smith, L. C. & Haddad, L. (2000) Explaining Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries: A Cross-Country Analysis. International Food Policy Institute, Washington, DC.
6. de Onis, M., Frongillo, E. A. & Blossner, M. (2000) Is malnutrition declining? An analysis of changes in levels of child malnutrition since 1980. Bull. WHO 78: 1222-1233.
7. UNICEF (2004) The State of the World's Children 2004. United Nations, New York, NY.
8. FAO (1996) Study on the Impact of Armed Conflicts on the Nutritional Situation of Children. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
9. WFP (2003) Korea (DPR) Country Brief. World Food Programme, Geneva, Switzerland.
10. FAO (2004) FAO Food Balance Sheets. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
11. WFP (1998) Nutrition Survey of The Democratic People's Republic of Korea. World Food Programme, Rome, Italy.
12. Hoffman, D. J., Sawaya, A. L., Verreschi, I., Tucker, K. L. & Roberts, S. B. (2000) Why are nutritionally stunted children at increased risk of obesity? Studies of metabolic rate and fat oxidation in shantytown children from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72: 702-707.
13. Popkin, B. M., Richards, M. K. & Montiero, C. A. (1996) Stunting is associated with overweight in children of four nations that are undergoing the nutrition transition. J. Nutr. 126: 3009-3016.
14. Sawaya, A. L., Grillo, L. P., Verreschi, I., da Silva, A. C. & Roberts, S. B. (1998) Mild stunting is associated with higher susceptibility to the effects of high fat diets: studies in a shantytown population in Sao Paulo, Brazil. J. Nutr. 128: 415S-420S.
15. Schroeder, D. G., Martorell, R. & Flores, R. (1999) Infant and child growth and fatness and fat distribution in Guatemalan adults. Am. J. Epidemiol. 149: 177-185.
16. Walker, S. P., Gaskin, P., Powell, C. A., Bennett, F. I., Forrester, T. E. & Grantham-McGregor, S. (2001) The effects of birth weight and postnatal linear growth retardation on blood pressure at age 11-12 years. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 55: 394-398.
17. Berkman, D. S., Lescano, A. G., Gilman, R. H., Lopez, S. L. & Black, M. M. (2002) Effects of stunting, diarrhoeal disease, and parasitic infection during infancy on cognition in late childhood: a follow-up study. Lancet 359: 564-571.
18. Mendez, M. A. & Adair, L. S. (1999) Severity and timing of stunting in the first two years of life affect performance on cognitive tests in late childhood. J. Nutr. 129: 1555-1562.
19. Norgan, N. G. (1995) Changes in patterns of growth and nutritional anthropometry in two rural modernizing Papua New Guinea communities. Ann. Hum. Biol. 22: 491-513.
20. Norgan, N. G. (2000) Long-term physiological and economic consequences of growth retardation in children and adolescents. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 59: 245-256.
21. Ross, J., Chen, C. M., He, W., Fu, G., Wang, Y. Y., Fu, Z. Y. & Chen, M. X. (2003) Effects of malnutrition on economic productivity in China as estimated by PROFILES. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 16: 195-205.
22. Verhoef, H., West, C. E., Veenemans, J., Beguin, Y. & Kok, F. J. (2002) Stunting may determine the severity of malaria-associated anemia in African children. Pediatrics 110: e48.
23. Fogel, R. (2004) Health, nutrition, and economic growth. Econ. Dev. Cult. Change 52: 643-660.
24. Katona-Apte, J. & Mokdad, A. (1998) Malnutrition of children in the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea. J. Nutr. 128: 1315-1319.
25. DPRK (2002) Central Bureau of Statistics.
26. Kuczmarski, R. J., Ogden, C. L., Grummer-Strawn, L. M., Flegal, K. M., Guo, S. S., Wei, R., Mei, Z., Curtin, L. R., Roche, A. F. & Johnson, C. L. (2000) CDC growth charts: United States. Adv. Data: 1-27.
27. CIA (2004) The World Fact Book. United States Central Intelligence Agency, Langely, VA.
28. Florencio, T. M., Ferreira, H. S., de Franca, A. P., Cavalcante, J. C. & Sawaya, A. L. (2001) Obesity and undernutrition in a very-low-income population in the city of Maceio, northeastern Brazil. Br. J. Nutr. 86: 277-284.
29. Hoffman, D. J., Roberts, S. B., Verreschi, I., Martins, P. A., de Nascimento, C., Tucker, K. L. & Sawaya, A. L. (2000) Regulation of energy intake may be impaired in nutritionally stunted children from the shantytowns of Sao Paulo, Brazil. J. Nutr. 130: 2265-2270.
30. Hoffman, D. J., Sawaya, A. L., Coward, W. A., Wright, A., Martins, P. A., de Nascimento, C., Tucker, K. L. & Roberts, S. B. (2000) Energy expenditure of stunted and nonstunted boys and girls living in the shantytowns of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72: 1025-1031.
31. Martorell, R., Kettel Khan, L., Hughes, M. L. & Grummer-Strawn, L. M. (2000) Overweight and obesity in preschool children from developing countries. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 24: 959-967.
32. Monteiro, C. A., Conde, W. L. & Popkin, B. M. (2002) Is obesity replacing or adding to undernutrition? Evidence from different social classes in Brazil. Public Health Nutr. 5: 105-112.
33. Sawaya, A. L., Dallai, G., Solymos, G., de Sousa, M. H., Ventura, M. L., Roberts, S. B. & Sigulem, D. M. (1995) Obesity and malnutrition in a Shantytown population in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Obes. Res. 3 (suppl. 2): 107s-115s.
34. Chang, S. M., Walker, S. P., Grantham-McGregor, S. & Powell, C. A. (2002) Early childhood stunting and later behaviour and school achievement. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 43: 775-783.
35. Li, H., Stein, A. D., Barnhart, H. X., Ramakrishnan, U. & Martorell, R. (2003) Associations between prenatal and postnatal growth and adult body size and composition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77: 1498-1505.
36. Powls, A., Botting, N., Cooke, R. W., Stephenson, G. & Marlow, N. (1997) Visual impairment in very low birthweight children. Arch. Dis. Child. 76: F82-F87.