Kazakhstan's 2004 parliamentary elections: Managing loyalty and support for the regime

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 3-14

  Dave, Bhavna ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 14844322246     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2005.11052189     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Kyrgyzstan is an "exception" in that it experienced a change of leadership in 1991 with the election of Askar Akaev. So far, Akaev has declared that he will not contest the 2005 presidential elections, but he may change his mind. Saparmurat Niyazov, known as "Turkmenbashi," has made himself president of Turkmenistan for life. Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan and Imomali Rakhmonov of Tajikistan have both secured long terms as president.
2. "Nightwatch" is a reference to the popular Russian blockbuster Nochnoi dozor. The article was entitled "Nochnoi dozor i dnevnoi pozor" (Night Watch and Daytime Disgrace), Respublika (October 15, 2004), available at www.kub.kz.
3. I b i d.
4. Interview published in Vremya (October 14, 2004), available at www.kub.kz.
5. RFE/RL Newsline (November 3, 2004).
6. Vitalii N. Khliupin, "Bolshaia semia" Nursultana Nazarbaeva: Politicheskaia elita sovremennogo Kazakhstana (The "Big Family" of Nursultan Nazarbaev: Political Elite of Contemporary Kazakhstan) (Moscow: Institut aktualnykh politicheskikh issledovanii, 1998).
7. On March 3, 1998, the Guardian listed Nazarbaev as one of the eight richest people in the world. The June 1996 issue of the Financial Times included him among the twenty-five richest people.
8. She uses her maiden name rather than her married name, in contrast to her two younger sisters. Aliev is widely believed to be part-Tatar, and association with a non-Kazakh surname is a disadvantage for anyone with high political ambitions.
9. Uzakbai Karabalin is its president, although Kulibaev is actually the person in charge.
10. www.internews.org/articles/2003/20031107_rferl_kaz.htm.
11. Razdelennaia elita: vzaimootnosheniia finansovo-promyshelnnykh grupp Kazakhstana (A Divided Elite: Interaction of Financial and Industrial Groups in Kazakhstan) (Moscow: Institut aktualnykh politicheskikh issledovanii, May 1999). See also www.eurasia.ru.
12. Utemuratov served as presidential adviser on foreign policy and foreign trade. He also was the ambassador to Switzerland, and while occupying this post is believed to have been instrumental in arranging Swiss bank accounts held in the name of Nazarbaev to which oil revenues have been diverted. For the details, see http://iicas.org/english/07_06_02an_en.htm and www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/ 7241-16.cfm.
13. Martin Sieff, "Interview: Kazakhstan's Oil Company Chief," Washington Times (June 28, 2004), available at washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/ 20040628-072452-90564.htm.
14. World Bank, Anticorruption in Transition: A Contribution to the Policy Debate (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000).
15. Ibid., p. 3.
16. RFE/RL Newsline (November 3, 2004). Anne-Marie Lizin, president of the Belgian Senate, said that Belgium would aid Kazakhstan in its bid to chair the OSCE in 2009, but details on how it would do so are not yet forthcoming.
17. Panorama 7, no. 19 (January, 13, 2004).
18. "Nikto ne khotel izbirat" (Nobody Wanted to Vote), available at http://eurasia.org.ru.
19. RFE/RL Kazakh Service (September 17, 2004).
20. Commentary by Berik Abdygaliev (www.kub.kz/article.php?sid=7131/).
21. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Final Report on the 1999 Parliamentary Elections of Kazakhstan (Warsaw: OSCE, January 20, 2000).
22. Panorama, no. 36 (September 3, 2004), available at www.panorama.kz.
23. Vremya (October 14, 2004), available at www.time.kz/2-3.htm.
24. Nezavisimaya Gazeta, September 24, 2004, available at www.nevgaz.ru.
25. OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, International Election Observation Mission, Parliamentary Elections, Republic of Kazakhstan, "Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions" (September 19, 2004).
26. Panorama, no. 36 (September 3, 2004), available at www.panorama.kz.
27. Tsentralnaia Aziia i Kavkaz, nos. 1 & 2 (1999), p. 44.
28. Interfax-Kazakhstan (November 3, 2004).
29. See statement on Ak Zhol's Web site at www.dpkakzhol.kz/eng/activities/ statement_210904.htm.
30. Denis Dashkov, "President stal zalozhnikom trekh grupp vliianiia. . ." (The President Has Become a Hostage of Three Powerful Groups) (www.kub.kz/article.php?sid=7133/).
31. Author's conversation with Nurbulat Masanov, political analyst and a leading member of DCK (November 4, 2004).
32. Victor Verk, "Vybory koncheny: zabudte!" (Elections Are Over: Forget About Them!), Vremya (October 7, 2004).