Accidental releases of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) in the context of major hazards - Spill behaviour using REACTPOOL

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 119, Issue 1-3, 2005, Pages 41-52

  Kapias, T ^a,b   Griffiths, R F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE   (Greece)

Author keywords

REACTPOOL; TiCl4; Water reactive chemicals

Indexed keywords

CORROSION; EVAPORATION; HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS; HAZARDS; HYDROLYSIS; MOISTURE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TOXIC MATERIALS; WATER;

LIQUID PHASE HYDROLYSIS; LIQUID POOLS; TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE; WATER REACTIVE CHEMICALS;

TITANIUM COMPOUNDS;

TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE;

CHEMICAL SPILL; HAZARDOUS MATERIAL;

ACCIDENT; DANGEROUS GOODS; PROCESS MODEL; REVIEW; SPILLAGE; SURFACE PROPERTY; TOXICITY; VELOCITY; WIND;

EID: 14844292545     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.12.001     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. T. Kapias, R.F. Griffiths, and C. Stefanidis REACTPOOL: a code implementing a new multi-compound pool model that accounts for chemical reactions and changing composition for spills of water reactive chemicals J. Hazard. Mater. A81 2001 1 18
2. Seveso II Directive, On the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances (96/082/EC), 1996.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Register of Lists.
4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Toxicological Profile for Titanium Tetrachloride, 1997 http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp101.html
5. P.K. Roy, A. Bhatt, and C. Rajagopal Quantitative risk assessment for accidental release of titanium tetrachloride in a titanium sponge production plant J. Hazard. Mater. A102 2003 167 186
6. G.S. Lorimer, Theoretical Basis for the CMA Titanium Tetrachloride Dispersion Modeling System, Chemical Manufacturers Association - Titanium Dioxide Panel, 1993.
7. 3 and oleum J. Hazard. Mater. A67 1999 9 40
8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Information Management Division, Confidential Data Branch, Chemicals in Commerce Information System (CICIS), Titanium Chloride, 1993.
9. G.L. Yaws Chemical Properties Handbook 1999 McGraw Hill New York
10. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, seventh ed., 1997.
11. Ullman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, fifth ed., 1987.
12. Kirk-Othmer's Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, third ed., 1983.
13. M.W. Chase Jr., NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, fourth ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998.
14. G.P. Luchinskii Physico-chemical study of titanium halides 1. Parameters of phase transitions of titanium tetrachloride Zh. Fiz. Khim. 40 1966 593 598
15. Toho Titanium Co., Information on TiCl4, http://www.toho-titanium.co.jp/ eg
16. Millennium Chemicals, TiCl4 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) http://www.milleniumchem.com
17. Schumacher Inc., TiCl4 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) http://www.schumacher.com
18. KMML, Technical Data on Titanium Tetrachloride, http://www.kmml.com/ TitaniumTetraChlorideTiCl4.htm
19. Environmental Defence and Environmental Defence Action Fund, Scorecard web site http://www.scorecard.org
20. D.K. Chitkara, and B.J. McNeela Titanium tetrachloride burns to the eye Br. J. Opthalmol. 76 1992 380 382
21. D.H. Garabrant, L.J. Fine, and C. Oliver Abnormalities of pulmonary function and pleural disease among titanium metal production workers Stand. J. Work. Environ. Health 13 1987 47 51
22. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Health hazard evaluation Report No. HE-79-17-751 at RMI metals reduction plant, Astabula, OH., Cincimmati, OH., 1980.
23. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Epidemiologic Study of Lung Cancer Mortality in Workers Exposed to Titanium Tetrachloride and Cigarette Smoke: A Reanalysis (final Report), EPA No. 8EHQ-0990-0530, 1990.
24. W.E. Fayerweather, M.E. Karns, and P.G. Gilby Epidemiologic study of lung cancer mortality in workers exposed to titanium tetrachloride J. Occup. Med. 34 1992 164 169
25. N.V. Mezentseva, E.A. Melnikova, and O.Y.A. Mogilevskaya Toxicology of the Rare Metals 1963 Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel' stvo Medicinskoi Literatury Moscow pp. 35-43
26. Du Pont Company, Acute Inhalation Studies with Titanium Tetrachloride, Haskell Laboratory Report No. 459-479, 1979.
27. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Two-year inhalation study with titanium tetrachloride in rats, EPA No. 8EHQ-0386-0530, 1986.
28. K.P. Lee, D.P. Kelly, and P.W. Schneider Inhalation toxicity study on rats exposed to titanium tetrachloride atmospheric hydrolysis products for two years Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 83 1986 30 45
29. R.J. Lewis Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials ninth ed. 1996
30. D.F. Brown, J. Policastro, W.E. Dunn, R.A. Carhart, M.A. Lazaro, W.A. Freeman, and M. Krumpolc Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook 2000 Office of Hazardous Materials Safety
31. S. Budavari The Merck Index-An Encyclopaedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals 1997 John Wiley & Son Whitehouse Station p. 1110
32. 2 MSDS http://www.kerr-mcgee. com
33. 2 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) http://www.milleniumchem.com
34. PREDICT Software, Chemical Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Interest to Chemical Engineers and Chemists.
35. T. Kapias, and R.F. Griffiths Sulphur trioxide and oleum M. Fingas Handbook of Hazardous Materials Spill Technology 2001 McGraw Hill 0-07-135171X pp. 37.1-37.21 (Chapter 37)
36. 3 and oleum. Part I: model description J. Hazard. Mat. 62 1998 101 129 see also: Erratum, J. Hazard. Mat. 66 (1999) 307-308
37. 3 and oleum. Part II: results, conclusions and discussion J. Hazard. Mat. 62 1998 131 142
38. 3Cl) J. Hazard. Mat. A81 2001 19 30
39. 4) J. Hazard. Mat. A81 2001 209 222
40. 3) and general discussion J. Hazard. Mater. A81 2001 223 249