Decline in physical performance among women with a recent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke: Opportunities for functional preservation. A report of the women's estrogen stroke trial

Stroke

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 630-634

  Kernan, Walter N ^a   Viscoli, Catherine M ^a   Brass, Lawrence M ^a   Gill, Thomas M ^a   Sarrel, Philip M ^a   Horwitz, Ralph I ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebral ischemia, transient; Cerebrovascular disorders; Clinical trials; Estrogens; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ANAMNESIS; ARTICLE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; FUNCTIONAL DISEASE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; TASK PERFORMANCE; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK;

AGED; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; POSTMENOPAUSE; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; RECURRENCE; RISK FACTORS; WALKING; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 14844288335     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000155728.42847.de     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Gill T, Williams CS, Tinetti ME. Assessing risk for the onset of functional dependence among older adults: the role of physical performance. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43:603-609.
2. Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Salive ME, Wallace RB. Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:556-561.
3. Studenski S, Perera S, Wallace D, et al. Physical performance measures in the clinical setting. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51:314-322.
4. Gill TM, Williams CS, Tinetti ME. The combined effects of baseline vulnerability and acute hospital events on the development of functional dependence among community-living older persons. J Gerentol. 1999; 54A:M377-M383.
5. Gill TM, Baker DI, Gottschalk M, Peduzzi PN, Allore H, Byers A. A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail elderly persons who live at home. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1068-1074.
6. Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Kernan WN, Sarrel PM, Suissa S, Horwitz RI. Estrogen replacement after ischemic stroke: report of the Women's Estrogen for Stroke Trial (WEST). N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1243-1249.
7. Anonymous. Special report from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Classification of cerebrovascular diseases III. Stroke. 1990;21:637-676.
8. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12: 189-198.
9. Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ. The Mini-Mental State Examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40:922-935.
10. Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale. A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1:385-401.
11. Brott T, Adams HP, Olinger CP, et al. Measurement of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke. 1989;20:864-870.
12. Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Maryland State Med J. 1965:61-65.
13. Reuben DB, Siu AL. An objective measure of physical function of elderly outpatients. The Physical Performance Test. JAGS. 1990;38:1105-1112.
14. Siu AL, Ouslander JG, Osterweil D, Reuben DB, Hays RD. Change in self-reported functioning in older persons entering a residential care facility. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46:1093-1101.
15. King MB, Judge JO, Whipple R, Wolfson L. Reliability and responsiveness of two physical performance measures examined in the context of a functional training intervention. Physical Therapy. 2000;80:8-16.
16. Peduzzi PN, Concato J, Holford TR, Feinstein AR. The importance of events per variable in multivariable analysis. II. Accuracy and precision of regression estimates J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:1503-1510.
17. Whooley MA, Avins AL, Miranda J, Browner WS. Case-finding instruments for depression. Two questions are as good as many. J Gen Intern Med. 1997;12:439-445.
18. Bjornsbo KS, Ferry M, De Groot CPGM, Schlienger JL. Changes in physical performance in elderly europeans. Seneca 1993-1999. J Nutrition Health Aging. 2002;6:9-14.
19. King MB, Whipple RH, Gruman CA, Judge JO, Schmidt JA, Wolfson LI. The performance enhancement project: improving physical performance in older persons. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:1060-1069.
20. Gill TM, Williams CS, Richardson ED, Tinetti ME. Impairments in physical performance and cognitive status as predisposing factors for functional dependence among nondisabled older persons. J Gerentol. 1996;51A:M283-M288.
21. Gill TM, Kurland B. The burden and patterns of disability in activities of daily living among community-living older persons. J Gerentol. 2003; 58A:70-75.
22. Reuben DB, Siu AL, Kimpau S. The predictive validity of self-report and performance-based measures of function and health. J Gerentol. 1992; 47:M106-M110.
23. Mathias S, Nayak USL, Isaacs B. Balance in elderly patients: the "get up and go" test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:387-389.
24. Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;34:119-126.