Effects of missile size and glass type on impact resistance of "Sacrificial ply" laminated glass

Journal of Architectural Engineering

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 24-39

  Saxe, Timothy J ^a   Behr, Richard A ^a   Minor, Joseph E ^b   Kremer, Paul A ^a   Dharani, Lokeswarappa R ^b  

^a The Pennsylvania State University   (United States)

^b MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Envelope; Glass; Impact force; Laminates

Indexed keywords

ENVELOPES; IMPACT FORCES; MEAN MINIMUM BREAKAGE VELOCITY (MMBV); STEEL BALLS; WIND PRESSURE CYCLES;

DEBRIS; GLASS; LAMINATES; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; PRESTRESSING; PROBABILITY; STEEL; STORMS; WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION; WIND EFFECTS;

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN;

EID: 14744286058     PISSN: 10760431     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0431(2002)8:1(24)     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. "Appendix J: Special requirements for buildings constructed in hurricane-prone regions." (1998). Revision to 1997 Standard building code, Southern Building Code Congress International, Birmingham, Ala.
2. Beason, W. L., Kohutek, T. L., and Bracci, J. M. (1998). "Basis for ASTM E 1300 annealed glass thickness selection charts." J. Struct. Eng., 124(2), 215-221.
3. Beason, W. L., Meyers, G. E., and James, R. W. (1984). "Hurricane related window glass damage in Houston." J. Struct. Eng., 110(2), 2843-2857.
4. Beason, W. L., and Morgan, J. R. (1984). "Glass failure prediction model." J. Struct. Eng., 110(2), 197-212.
5. Behr, R. A., Karson, M. J., and Minor, J. E. (1991). "Reliability analysis of window glass failure pressure data." Struct. Safety, 11(1991), 43-58.
6. Behr, R. A., and Kremer, P. A. (1996). "Performance of laminated glass units under simulated windborne debris impacts." J. Archit. Eng., 2(3), 95-99.
7. Behr, R. A., Kremer, P. A., Dharani, L. R., Ji, F. S., and Kaiser, N. D. (1999). "Dynamic strains in architectural laminated glass subjected to low velocity impacts from small projectiles." J. Mater. Sci., 34(1999), 5749-5756.
8. Behr, R. A., Minor, J. E, and Kremer, P. A. (1996). "Effects of accelerated weathering on architectural laminated glass in a windstorm environment." Science and Technology of Building Seals, Sealants, Glazing, and Waterproofing: Sixth Volume, ASTM STP 1286, James C. Myers, ed., ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 27-45.
9. "Building code for windstorm resistant construction." (1998). 27 § TAC 5.4008, Texas Windstorm Insurance Association, Texas Dept. of Insurance, Austin, Tex.
10. Chandra, M., Singpurwalla, N. D., and Stephens, M. A. (1981). "Kolmogorov statistics for tests of fit for the extreme-value and Weibull distributions." J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 76(375), 729-731.
11. "Gravel blamed for glass damage." (1983). Eng. News Rec., 211(8), 10-11.
12. Haward, R. N. (1944). "The behavior of glass under impact and static loading." J. Soc. Glass Technol., 28, 5-32.
13. International building code. (2000). International Code Council, Inc., Falls Church, Va.
14. Kaiser, N. D., Behr, R. A., Minor, J. E., Dharani, L. R., Ji, F. S., and Kremer, P. A. (2000). "Impact resistance of laminated glass using 'sacrificial ply' design concept." J. Archit. Eng., 6(1), 24-34.
15. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. (2000). ASCE 7-98, ASCE, Reston, Va.
16. Minitab release 12 for Windows: User's guide. (1998). Minitab, Inc., State College, Pa.
17. Minor, J. E. (1974). "Analysis of the window damaging mechanism in windstorms." PhD dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, Tex.
18. Minor, J. E. (1994). "Windborne debris and the building envelope." J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 53(1-2), 207-227.
19. Minor, J. E., Beason, W. L., and Harris, P. L. (1978). "Designing for windborne missiles in urban areas." J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(11), 1749-1760.
20. Minor, J. E., and Norville, H. S. (1998). "A simple window glass design chart." J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 77&78, 197-204.
21. Nelson, L. S. (1998). "The Anderson-Darling test for normality." J. Quality Technol., 30(3), 298-299.
22. Norville, H. S., Bove, P. M., Sheridan, D. L., and Lawrence, S. L. (1993). "Strength of new heat treated window glass lites and laminated glass units." J. Struct. Eng., 119(3), 891-901.
23. Norville, H. S., and Minor, J. E. (1985). "Strength of weathered window glass." Am. Ceramic Soc. Bull., 64(11), 1467-70.
24. Norville, H. S., and Minor, J. E. (2000). "Simplified window glass design procedure." J. Archit. Eng., 6(4), 105-115.
25. Pantelides, C. P., Horst, A. D., and Minor, J. E. (1993). "Postbreakage behavior of heat strengthened laminated glass under wind effects." J. Struct. Eng., 119(2), 454-467.
26. Phalen, T. E. Jr. (1993). Design and analysis of single-ply roof systems, PTR Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
27. Saxe, T. J. (2002). "Effects of missile size and glass type on the impact resistance of sacrificial ply laminated glass." MS thesis, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, Pa.
28. "SBCCI test standard for determining impact resistance from windborne debris." (1997). SSTD 12-97, Southern Building Code Congress International, Birmingham, Ala.
29. South Florida building code. (1993). Metropolitan Dade County edition, Miami.
30. "Standard classification for sizes of aggregate for road and bridge construction." (1998). D 448-98, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
31. "Standard practice for determining load resistance of glass in buildings." (1998). E 1300-98, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
32. "Standard specification for flat glass." (1997). C 1036-97, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
33. "Standard specification for heat-treated flat glass - kind HS, kind FT, coated and uncoated glass." (1997). C1048-97b, ASTM, West Con-shohocken, Pa.
34. "Standard specification for laminated architectural flat glass." (1996). C 1172-96, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
35. "Standard specification for mineral aggregate used on built-up roofs." (1997). D1863-97, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
36. "Standard specification for performance of exterior windows, glazed curtain walls, doors and storm shutters impacted by windborne debris in hurricanes." (1999). E 1996-99, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
37. "Standard test method for performance of exterior windows, curtain walls, doors, and storm shutters impacted by missile(s) and exposed to cyclic pressure differentials." (1997). E 1886-97, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
38. Wadsworth, H. M. (1998). Handbook of statistical methods for engineers and scientists, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
39. Whirley, R. G., Englemann, B. E., and Hallquist, J. O. (1992). "DYNA2D: A nonlinear, explicit, two-dimensional finite element code for solid mechanics." User Manual, Rep. No. UCRL-MA-110630, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Calif.
40. Wind design guide for ballasted single-ply roofing systems. (1988). 2nd Ed., Rubber Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C.