Application of orthogonal functions to pharmaceutical analysis, generation of derivative curves

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 14-33

  Wahbi, Abdel Aziz ^a   Hassan, Ekram ^a   Hamdy, Dalia ^a   Fathy, Essam ^a   Barary, Magda ^a  

^a Alexandria University Faculty of Pharmacy   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Convolution of curves; Derivative curves; Fourier function; Orthogonal functions

Indexed keywords

4 HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID ESTER; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ATROPINE; BENZYL ALCOHOL; CHLOROQUINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYCLANDELATE; DIHYDROCODEINE; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; EPHEDRINE; FLUOROURACIL; FURAZOLIDONE; GRISEOFULVIN; LANSOPRAZOLE; NIFUROXIME; NORFLOXACIN; OMEPRAZOLE; OXYTETRACYCLINE; PANTOPRAZOLE; PAPAVERINE; PARACETAMOL; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENOL; PHENYTOIN; PIROXICAM; PROMETHAZINE; RETINOL; SULFAGUANIDINE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ANALYTIC METHOD; ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; COMPUTER PROGRAM; DISSOCIATION CONSTANT; DRUG DEGRADATION; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG PURITY; DRUG SOLUBILITY; DRUG STABILITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; FOURIER ANALYSIS; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION; PKA; POLARIMETRY; REVIEW; SPECTROFLUOROMETRY; STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 14644400359     PISSN: 13190164     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Banes, F.W. and Eby, L.T., Anal. Chem. 1946: 18, 535-538 through reference 4.
2. Tunnicliff, D.D., Rasmussen, R.S. and Morse, M.L., Correction for interfering absorption in spectrophotometric analyses. Anal. Chem. 1949: 21, 895-900.
3. Wright, N; Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Edu. 1941: 13, 1-8 through reference 4.
4. Mulder, F.J., Spruit, F.J. and Keuning, K.J., The base-line correction at three fixed wavelengths and its use with reference standards in spectrophotometry. Pharm. Weekblad. 1963: 98, 745-753.
5. Morton, R.A. and Stubbs, A.L., Photoelectric spectrophotometry applied to the analysis of mixture, and vitamin A oils. Analyst, 1946: 71, 348-356.
6. Ashton6G.C. and Tootill, J.P.R. Determination of griseofulvin in fermentation samoles. Analyst 1956: 81, 225-227.
7. Ashton, GC; Tootill, JPR, A method of correcting for irrelevant absorption in ultra-violet spectrophotometric analysis. Analyst, 1956: 81, 232-238.
8. Rekker, R.F, The ultraviolet spectrophotometric assay of cyclandelate-substance and tablets-applying a due correction for impurities with quadratic curvature. Pharm. Weekblad, 1965: 100, 933-943.
9. Wahbi, A.M. and Abdine, H., Application of orthogonal functions to correct for quadratic irrelevant absorption in spectrophotometric analysis. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1973, 25, 69-72.
10. Glenn, A.L., The use of orthogonal functions to correct for irrelevant absorption in two component spectrophotometric analysis. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1963: 15 Suppl. 123T-130T.
11. Wahbi, A.M., Ebel, S. and Ursula Steffens, Multicomponent spectrophotometric analysis using orthogonal functions. Z. Anal. Chem., 1975: 273, 183-187 and 288.
12. st Ed. p. 265 et seq. and p. 375 et. seq., Princeton: Princeton University Press (1949).
13. th Ed. p. 80 et. seq. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd (1953).
14. Wahbi, A.M.: Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis. Ph. D. Thesis, University of London (1967).
15. Glenn, A.L., Numerical methods in chemical analysis. Proc. Soc. Analyt. Chem. 4, 116-119 (1967).
16. Peng, K.C., "The Design and Analysis of Scientific Experiments", Addison-Wesley, London, pp. 57-66 (1967).
17. Agwu, I. and Glenn, A.L., The use of orthogonal function coefficients as an index of purity. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1967, 19: suppl. 76S-87S.
18. Wahbi, A.M., Application of orthogonal functions in spectrophotometric analysis. Part2: The determination of atropine sulphate injections. Pharmazie 1971: 26, 291-292.
19. Abdine, H., Wahbi, A.M. and Korany, M.A., Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis of weakly absorbing compounds in tablets. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1971: 23, 444-447.
20. Wahbi, A.M. and Ebel, S., A BASIC program for the calculation of orthogonal functions coefficients, pj, mean and pj/mean for sets of absorbances. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci. 1988: 2, 182.
21. Wahbi, A.M. and Ebel, S., A BASIC program for the simultaneous convolution of absorption curves using the quadratic and cubic orthogonal polynomials. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci., 1989: 3, 62-64.
22. Wahbi, A.M., El-Yazbi, F.A., Barary M.H. and Sabry, S.M., Two BASIC programs for the calculation of orthogonal function coefficients and their comparative coefficients for the first six terms, Alex. J. Pharm. Sci., 1991: 5(2), 220-224.
23. Abdine, H., Wahbi, A.M. and Korany, M.A., Application of orthogonal functions to the determination of naphazoline. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1972, 24, 522-524.
24. Wahbi, A.M. and Ebel, S., Application of orthogonal functions to the determination of dihydrocodeine in presence of noscapine. Z. Anal. Chem. 1974: 270, 282-285.
25. Wahbi, A.M. and Barary, M., Spectrophotometric determination of atropine sulfate in the presence of phenylmercury(II) acetate. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 1981: 64, 855-859.
26. Amer, MM, Ahmed, AKS; Hassan, SM, Application of orthogonal functions to the spectrophotometric determination of phenytoin in pharmaceutical preparations. J-Pharm-Pharmacol. 1977: 29, 291-293.
27. Amer, M.M., Ahmad, A.K.S. and Hassan, S.M., Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotmetric determination of phenytoin and phenobarbitone in pharmaceutical preparations. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1977: 29, 355-357.
28. Barary, M.H., Abdel-Hamid, M.E., Hassan, E.M. and Elsayed, M.A., Spectrophotometric determination of alpha tocopherol [alpha tocopheryl] acetate in soft capsules. Anal. Lett. 1985, 18(B15), 1835-1846.
29. Rama Mohan, Y., Srinivas, J.S., Avadhanulu, A.B. and Anjaneyulu, Y., Spectrophotometric determination of norfloxacin in its pharmaceutical dosage forms using orthogonal polynomial functions. East. Pharm. 1997: 40, 127-129.
30. Rao, B.C., Prasad, K.S., Srinivasulu, B. and Vasta, D.K., Determination of piroxicam content in sissolution test using orthogonal polynomials. East- Pharm., 1996: 39, 129-130.
31. Raghuveer, S., Srivastava, M.R. and Vasta, D.K., Spectrophotometric determination of oxytetracycline hydrochloride in its dosage forms. Indian drugs 1992, 29(6), 281-283.
32. Vergeichik, EN; Kochanov, VV, Determination of phetanol[etilefrine hydrochloride] in tablets by the method of orthogonal functions. Farmatsiya(Moscow), 1983: 32, 60-61.
33. Vergeychyk, EM; Lykhota, TF, Absorptiometric determination of papaverine hydrochloride in industrial form by the method of orthogonal functions. Farm-Zh(Kiev), 1982: 5, 66-67.
34. Hassan, SM; El-Sayed, L; Kelani, KM, Amer, MM. Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis: determination of nifuroxime and furazolidone in pharmaceutical formulations. Fresenius'-Z-Anal-Chem. 1981: 308, 24-28.
35. Zhang, Y; Liu,-S; Xu,-L; Gu, -X, Spectrophotometric determination of fluorouracil in polyphase liposome using orthogonal polynomials, Shenyang-Yaoxueyuan-Xuebao, 1987: 4, 179-183, 197.
36. Wahbi, A.M., Abdel-Razak, O., Gazy, A.A., Mahgoub, H. and Moneeb, M.S., Spectrophotometric determination of omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole in pharmaceutical formulations. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2002: 30, 1133-1142.
37. Girgis, E.H., Negm, F. and Mahmoud, S., Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis of the preservatives, benzyl alcohol, phenol, and parabens [hydroxybenzoate esters] in aqueous cyanocobalamin solutions. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1984: 36, 840-842.
38. Ebel, S., Bender, R., Weyandt, M. and Widjaja, N., UV photometric determination of ethinyl oestradiol, Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg., 1983: 123(3), 2151-2156.
39. Zhang, J., Yang, Q. and Yu, R., Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis [of drugs]. Yaoxue-Xuebao 19(5), 367-373 (1984) through Anal. Abst. on the internet.
40. Lan, Q., Luo, G. and Yin, W., Triple-wavelength and orthogonal-function spectrophotometry for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and promethazine hydrochloride in compound tablets. Zhongguo-Yaoke-Daxue-Xuebao, 1988: 19(2), 135-137, through Anal. Abst. on the internet.
41. Avadhanulu, A.B., Srinivas, J.S., Rama-Mohan, Y. and Anjaneyulu, Y., Spectrophotometric determination of certain cephalosporin drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms. East. Pharm. 1996: 39, 161-162 (1996).
42. Wang, M.Z., Liu, J.S., Song, L.L., Xiang, B.R. and An, D.K., Application of orthogonal-function spectrophotometry to the determination of total diterpene orthesters in yuanha root injection. Acta-Pharmaceutica-Sinica, 1986: 21, 119-123) through Anal. Abst. On the internet.
43. Bershtein, I. Ya and Lupashevskaya, D.P., Utilization of orthogonal polynomials in spectrophotometric analysis. Fresenius' Z. Anal. Chem., 1986: 323(2), 117-122.
44. Elsayed, M.A., Belal, S.F., Elwalily, A.M. and Abdine, H., Spectrophotometric determination of acetaminophen [paracetamol], salicylamide and codeine phosphate in tablets. Analyst, 1979: 104, 620-625.
45. Elsayed, M.A., Korany, M.A., Bedair, M.M., Mahgoub, H. and Korany, E.A., Computer assisted spectro-photometric analysis of three component mixtures (caffeine mixtures and codeine mixtures). Anal. Lett., 1992: 25(2), 239-252.
46. Wahbi, A.M., Mahgoub, H., Abdel-Razak, O., Gazy, A. and Moneeb, M.S., Application of orthogonal functions to ratio spectra of absorption curves. Determination of ketoprofen and chlozoxazone in capsules. Alexa. J. Pharm. Sci.
47. Wahbi, AM, Gazy, AA, Abdel-Razak, OA, Mahgoub, H and Moneeb, MS., Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and chlorzoxazone using orthogonal function-ratio spectrophotometry. SPJ, 2003: 11, 192-200.
48. Wahbi, A.M., Abdine, H. and Sadek, H. Rafik, A., The spectrophotometric determination of streptomycins. Pharmazie, 1977: 32, 690-692.
49. Amer, M.M., Wahbi, A.M. and Habeeb, A.A., Application of orthogonal functions to determination of nystatin in the presence of its degradation products. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1975: 27, 377-378.
50. Wahbi, A.M., Abdine, H., Korany, M.A. and El-Yazbi, F.A., Spectrophotometric analysis of binary mixtures of sulfacetamides. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1979: 62, 67-70.
51. Hassan, S.M. and Shaaban, S.A.M., Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis: A stability indicating method for the determination of acetaminophen. J. Pharm. Belg. 1983: 38(5), 258-260.
52. Barary, M.H., Application of orthogonal functions and
53. El-Yazbi, F.A. Abdel-Hay, M.H. and Korany, M.A., Spectrophotometric determination of some 1,4 benzodiazepines by use of orthogonal polynomials. Pharmazie, 1986: 41, 639-642.
54. Mahgoub, H. and Hassan, E.M., Computer-assisted spectrophotometric determination of some phenothiazines in presence of their sulphoxides using orthogonal polynomials and Fourier functions. Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ. 1992: 30(1), 1-5.
55. Wahbi, A.M., El-Yazbi, F.A., Barary, M.H. and Sabri, S.M., Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis. Determination of dissociation constants. In. J. Pharm. 1993: 92, 15-21.
56. Hassan, S.M., and Loux, N.T., Elimination of spectral interferences in inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy using orthogonal polynomials. Spectrochim. Acta, 1990: 45 B(7), 719-729.
57. Wahbi, A.M. and Ebel, S., Application of orthogonal functions to spectropolarimetric analysis of some penicillins. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1974: 26, 968-971.
58. Barary, M.H., Application of the computerized compensation method and the orthogonal functions method to correcr for irrelevant intereference in spectrofluorometry, J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 1991: 16(6), 443-451.
59. Vasta, D.K., Marwah, A.K., Rao, G.J., Ibrahim, M. and Mannan, M.A., Spectrophluorometric determination of ciprofloxacin using orthogonal polynomials. East. Pharm. 1997: 40, 123-124.
60. Ebel, -S; Bender, R, Weyandt, M; Wdjaja, N, Analysis of contraceptive pharmaceuticals. Ultra-violet spectrophotometric determination of ethinyloestradiol. Dtsch-Apoth-Ztg., 1983: 123, 2151-2156.
61. Bershtein, IYa; Lupashevskaya, DP, Utilization of orthogonal polynomials in spectrophotometric analysis. Fresenius'-Z-Anal-Chem 1986; 323, 117-122.
62. El-Yazbi, F.A. and Korany, M.A., Application of orthogonal functions to spectrofluorometric analysis. Spectrosc. Lett. 1985: 18(7), 543-553.
63. Wahbi, A.M., Gazy, A.A., Abdel-Razak, O., Mahgoub, H. and Moneeb, M.S. Location of half-wave potential during polarographic analysis using orthogonal functions. Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo University, 2003: 41, 277-283.
64. Sabry, S.M. and Wahbi, A.M., Application of orthogonal functions to differential pulse voltammetric analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999: 401, 173-183.
65. Wahbi, AM, Gazy, AA, Abdel-Razak, O, Mahgoub, H. and Moneeb, M. Application of orthogonal functions for polarographic determination of some metals in pharmaceutical mixtures. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci., 2003: 17, 99-103.
66. Ebel, S. and Krommelbein, R., End point determination of potentiometric titrations by digital computers. Z. Anal. Chem. 1971: 256, 28.
67. Gran, G., Analyst 1952: 77, 661 through reference 68.
68. Ebel, S., Krommelbein, R., Evaluation of potentiometric titrations with digital computers. III Evaluation by Gran-plots with orthogonal polynomials. Z. Anal. Chem. 1973: 264, 342.
69. Perks, F. and Glenn, A.L., Digital filters in the evaluation of titration curves. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1971, 23 suppl., 181S-194S.
70. Wahbi, A.M., El-Yazbi, F.A., Hewala, I.I. and Awad, A.A., Use of ratios of orthogonal function coefficients for the determination of dissociation constants. Pharmazie 1993: 48, 422-425.
71. Abdine, H., Wahbi, A.M. and Korany, M.A., Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis:the Delta pj method. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1972: 24, 518-521.
72. Wahbi, A.M., Abdine, H. and Blaih, S.M., Determination of mepyramine, aminophenazone, nialamide and chloroquine using the delta pj method. Pharmazie, 1978: 33, 96-98.
73. Yao,-G; Yi, -Y Differential spectrophotometric determination of sulphsmethoxazole and trimethoprim in antinfammatiom powder for infants. Yaowu-Fenxi-Zazhi, 1985: 5, 153-156. Through Analytical Abstracts.
74. Korany, MA; Haller, R. Spectrophotometric determination of oxazepam and dipyridamole in two-component mixtures. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1982: 65, 144-147.
75. Wahbi, A.M. and Ebel, S., Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis. Combined polynomial method. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1974: 26, 317-324.
76. Wahbi, A.M., Belal, S., Abdine, H. and Bedair, M., Spectrophotometric determination of thiamine hydrochloride using orthogonal polynomials. Analyst, 1981: 106, 960-967.
77. Wahbi, A.M., Belal, S., Bedair, M. and Abdine, H., Spectrophotometric determination of procaine hydrochloride in presence of 4-aminobenzoic acid using a combined polynomial method. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 1981: 64(5), 1179-1184.
78. Wahbi, A.M., Belal, S., Abdine, H. and Bedair, M., Spectrophotometric determination of methylphenobarbitone by use of orthogonal polynomials., Talanta, 1982: 29, 931-935.
79. Wahbi, A.M., Belal, S., Bedair, M. and Abdine, H., Spectrophotometric determination of some penicillins using orthogonal polynomials. Pharmazie, 1982: 37, 641-645.
80. Wahbi, AM, Belal, S., Bedair, M., Abdine, H., Egypt. J. Pharm., Sci., 1982: 23, 151-166.
81. Bedair, M., Korany, M.A. and Abdel-Hamid, M., Spectrophotometric determination of chlodiazepoxide and diazepam using orthogonal polynomials. Analyst, 1984: 109, 1423-1426.
82. Abdel hamid, M., and Abuirjeie, MA, Spectrophotometric determination of chloramphenicol using orthogonal polynomials. Analyst, 1987: 112, 895-897.
83. Elsayed, M.A., Korany, M.A., Bedair, M.M. and Mahgoub, H., Korany-EA, Computer assisted spectrophotometric method for the assay of paracetamol and phenacetin in the presence of their degradation products using combined orthogonal polynomials. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 1990: 16(6), 1011-1024.
84. Korany, M.A., Bedair, M. and El-Yazbi, F.A., Use of orthogonal polynomials for unequal intervals to eliminate interference in spectrophotometric analysis. Simultaneous determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride in two-component mixtures. Analyst, 1986: 111, 41-44.
85. Korany, M.A. and Mahgoub, H., Spectrophotometric determination of atropine sulphate and nystatin in presence of other drugs using orthogonal polynomials for unequal intervals. Pharmazie 1991, 46, 883-885.
86. Wahbi, A.M., Abdine, H. and Korany, M.A., The use of Fourier functions to eliminate interferences in spectrophotometric analysis. (Theory and application). Pharmazie 1978: 33, 278-282.
87. Korany, M.A., Elsayed, M.A., Bedair, M.M. and Mahgoub, H., Computer-assisted spectrophotometry: Multicomponent analysis with a discrete Fourier Transform. Talanta, 1990: 37(12), 1183-1188.
88. Wahbi, A.M., Al-Khamees, H.A. and Youssef, A.M.A., Ratios of Fourier to orthogonal function coefficients: spectrophotometric determination of tetraenes in amphotericin B. Analyst 1988: 113, 563-567.
89. Wahbi, A.M., Barary, M.H., El-Yazbi, F.A. and Sabry, S.M., A two component spectrophotometric method of analysis using a compensation technique. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci., 1001: 5(1), 90-94.
90. Wahbi, AM, Barary, MH, El-Yazbi, FA, Sabry, SM, Compensation method for the spectrophotometric determination of two-component mixtures using Fourier to orthogonal functions ratio. Egypt-J-Pharm-Sci, 1993: 34, 431-444.
91. Wahbi, AM, Mahgoub, H. Application of Fourier functions to ratio spectra of absorption curves: Theory and application. Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ. 2003: 41, 265-276.
92. Korany, M.A., Mahgoub, H., Abdine, H.H. and Elsayed, M.A., Use of Fourier functions in the differential spectrometric assay of three tranquilizers: the delta t'j method. Acta Pharm. 1992: 42, 37-.
93. Hamdy, DAM., Application of orthogonal functions to certain instrumental methods of pharmaceutical analysis. M. Pharm. Sci. Thesis, 2004, University of Alexandria, Faculty of Pharmacy.
94. British Pharmacopoeia, Volume IV, Appendix IIB, Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrophotometry, on CD ROM.
95. Savitzky, A; Golay, MJE, Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures. Anal. Chem. 1964: 36, 1627-1639.