Uzbekistan: Civil society in the Heartland

Orbis

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 245-259

  Seiple, Chris ^a  

^a Institute for Global Engagement   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 14644393071     PISSN: 00304387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orbis.2005.01.011     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Sir Halford Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press, 1996 [1919]), pp. 21-23.
2. This volume also includes Mackinders H. "The Scope and Methods of Geography," Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 9 1887
3. Halford Mackinders "The Geographical Pivot of History," Geographical Journal, vol. 23, 1904
4. Halford Mackinders "The Round World and Winning the Peace," Foreign Affairs, July 1943
5. Democratic Ideals, p. 176
6. notes of the Society's meeting recorded in Harm J. de Blij, Systematic Political Geography, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973), p. 286.
7. Democratic Ideals, pp. 189, 198, 201
8. H.J. de Blij, Systematic Political Geography, p. 286
9. A. Parker, Mackinder Geography as an Aid to Statecraft (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982), p. 218.
10. Democratic Ideals, pp. 19, 106, 144.
11. A. T. Mahan, The Problem of Asia and Its Effect upon International Policies (Boston: Little, Brown, 1900) p. 87.
12. Geoffrey Wheeler, The Modern History of Central Asia (New York: Praeger, 1964), pp. 41, 65
13. Olivier Roy, The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations (New York: New York University Press, 2000), p. 3.
14. Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan on the Threshold of the Twenty-First Century: Challenges to Stability and Progress (New York: St. Martin's, 1998), p. 60.
15. Elizabeth E. Bacon, Central Asians under Russian Rule A Study in Culture Change (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1966), p. 208.
16. As quoted in Richard Pipes, The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism 1917-1923 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954), p. 155.
17. David M. Abramson, "Identity Counts: The Soviet Legacy and the Census in Uzbekistan," in David Kertzer and Dominque Arel, eds., Census and Identity: The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Language in National Censuses (Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 186-99.
18. Sergei P. Poliakov, edited with Martha Brill Olcott, Everyday Islam, Religion and Tradition in Rural Central Asia (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1992), p. 106.
19. Demian Vaisan, "Regionalism and Clan Loyalty in the Political Life of Uzbekistan," in Yaacov Ro'I, ed., Muslim Eurasia: Conflicting Legacies (London: Frank Cass, 1995), pp. 109-10.
20. On whether Rashidov was a nationalist or party stooge, see Gregory Gleason, "Sharaf Rashidov and the Dilemmas of National Leadership," Central Asian Survey, vol. 5, 1986, pp. 133-60.
21. A. Roy, The New Central Asia, p. 125
22. James Critchlow, Nationalism in Uzbekistan: A Soviet Republic's Road to Sovereignty (Boulder: Westview Press, 1991), p. 43
23. quote in James Critchlow, "Prelude to 'Independence': How the Uzbek Party Apparatus Broke Moscow's Grip on Elite Recruitment," in Fierman, ed., Soviet Central Asia, p. 135.
24. Gregory Gleason, "Fealty and Loyalty: Informal Authority Structures in Soviet Asia," Soviet Studies, vol. 43, no. 4, 1991.
25. A. Ilkhamov, "The Limits of Centralization," in Pauline Jones Luong, ed., The Transformation of Central Asia: States and Societies from Soviet Rule to Independence (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004), p. 161.
26. Author interview with senior Uzbek official; see also A. Karimov, Uzbekistan on the Threshold, pp. 60, 62.
27. Donald S. Carlisle, "Geopolitics and Ethnic Problems of Uzbekistan and its Neighbors," in Ro'I, ed., Muslim Eurasia, p. 72
28. Martha Brill Olcott, "Islam and Fundamentalism in Central Asia," in ibid., p. 25
29. Robert D. Kaplan, The Ends of the Earth: A Journey to the Frontiers of Anarchy (New York: Vintage Books, 1996), p. 278.
30. James Baker III, Address to the Gannett Foundation Freedom Forum, June 26, 1991, Rosslyn, Virginia, Federal News Service, Federal Information Systems Corporation
31. Terence Hunt, "Bush Warns Republics Against 'Hopeless Course of Isolation,'" AP, Aug. 1, 1991.
32. Author interview, Mar. 7, 2000.
33. A. Karimov, Uzbekistan on the Threshold, p. 27.
34. Abdumannob Polat, "Can Uzbekistan Build Democracy and Civil Society?" in M. Holt Ruffin and Daniel Waugh, eds., Civil Society in Central Asia (Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 1999), p. 135
35. Roger D. Kangas, "State Building and Civil Society in Central Asia," in Tismaneanu, ed., Political Culture and Civil Society in Russia and the New States of Eurasia (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1995), p. 271
36. Patricia M. Carley, "The Legacy of the Soviet Political System and the Prospects for Developing Civil Society in Central Asia," in ibid., p. 292.
37. Marianne Kamp, "Between Women and the State Mahalla Committees and Social Welfare in Uzbekistan," in Luong, ed., The Transformation of Central Asia, p. 56.
38. Stephen Sestanovich, Remarks to the Asia-Pacific Subcommittee, House International Relations Committee, Washington, D.C., Mar. 17, 1999.
39. U.S. Government Assistance to and Cooperative Activities with Eurasia - FY2002, Country Assessments - Uzbekistan, at www.state.gov.
40. Adam B. Seligman, The Idea of Civil Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), p. 3.
41. Larry Diamond, "Rethinking Civil Society: Toward Democratic Consolidation," Journal of Democracy, vol. 5, no. 3, 1994, pp. 14-15.
42. David Rieff, "The False Dawn of Civil Society," The Nation, Feb. 22, 1999.
43. Jack Miles, "Religion and American Foreign Policy," Survival, Spring 2004, p. 25.
44. See Alec Rasizade, "Entering the Old 'Great Game' in Central Asia," Orbis, Winter 2003.
45. Daniel John Stevens, Conceptual Travels Along the Silk Road: On Civil Society Aid in Uzbekistan, Ph.D. Thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 2004, pp. 100-11. See pp. 245-46, Appendix 2 for a chart showing how the various Western agencies define civil society.
46. ibid., p. 52.
47. David Abramson, "A Critical Look at NGOs and Civil Society as Means to an End in Uzbekistan," unpublished paper, p. 20.
48. See also Laurence Jarvik, "Uzbekistan: A Modernizing Society," in this issue of Orbis.
49. Author interviews, Tashkent, Apr. 2004.
50. A. Stevens, Conceptual Travels, p. 121.
51. Author interview, June 2002, Tashkent.
52. Ideals and Reality, p. 17.
53. A. Poliakov, Everyday Islam, pp. 4-5.
54. Reuel Hanks, "Civil Society and Identity in Uzbekistan," in M. Holt Ruffin and Daniel Waugh, eds., Civil Society in Central Asia (Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 1999), p. 174.
55. George Dobson, Russia's Railway Advance into Central Asia: Notes of a Journey from St. Petersburg to Samarkand (London: W. H. Allen, 1890), p. 425.