Alkylation, hydrogenation and oxidation catalyzed by mesoporous materials

Catalysis Reviews - Science and Engineering

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-82

  Viswanathan, B ^a   Jacob, Bindhu ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS   (India)

Author keywords

Alkylation; Catalysts; Hydrogenation; Mesoporous materials; Oxidation

Indexed keywords

ALKYLATION; BENZENE; CATALYST SUPPORTS; CATALYSTS; FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; HYDROGENATION; NAPHTHALENE; OLEFINS; OXIDATION; PHENOLS; SUBSTRATES; TOLUENE;

CRESOL; DISACCHARIDES; HALIDES; NAPHTHOL; NITRILES; TETRALIN;

MESOPOROUS MATERIALS;

EID: 14544304550     PISSN: 01614940     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/CR-200047799     Document Type: Review

References (296)

1. Kresge, C.Y., Leonowiez, M.E., Roth, W.J., Vartuli, J.C., and Beck, J.S. (1992) Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid crystal template method. Nature, 359: 710-712.
2. Trong, D., On, D.D., Danumah, C., and Kaliaguine, S. (2001) Perspectives in catalytic applications of mesostructured materials. Applied Catal. A, 222: 299-357.
3. Biz, S. and Occelli, M.L. (1998) Synthesis and characterization of mesostructured materials. Catal. Rev. Sci. Engr., 40 (3): 329-407.
4. Perego, C. and Ingallina, P. (2002) Recent advances in the industrial alkylation of aromatics: new catalysts and new processes. Catal. Today, 73: 3-22.
5. Corma, A. (1997) From microporous to mesoporous materials and their use in catalysis. Chem. Rev., 97: 2373-2419.
6. Brunel, D., Blanc, A.C., Galarneau, A., and Fajula, F. (2002) New trends in the design of supported catalysts on mesoporous silicas and their applications in fine chemicals. Catal. Today, 73: 139-152.
7. Corma, A. and Garcia, H. (1997) Organic reactions catalyzed over solid acids. Catal. Today, 38: 257-308.
8. Viswanathan, B. (2000) Catalytic alkylation of aromatic substrates - Part II. Bull. Catal. Soc. India, 10 (1).
9. Venuto, P.B., Hamilton, L.A., Landis, P.S., and Wise, J.J. (1966) Organic reactions catalyzed by crystalline aluminosilicates. J. Catal., 5: 81-98.
10. Wight, C.G. (1979) US Patent 4,169,111, 1979 Union Oil Company of California.
11. Bellusi, G., Pazzuconi, G., Perego, C., Girotti, G., and Terzoni, G. (1995) Liquid-phase alkylation of benzene with light olefins catalyzed by β-zeolites. J. Catal., 157: 227-234.
12. Forni, L., Cremona, G., Missineo, F., Bellusi, G., Perego, C., and Pazzuconi, G. (1995) Transalkylation of m-diethylbenzene over large-pore zeolites. Appl. Catal. A, 121: 261-272.
13. Shinae, J. and Ryoo, R. (2000) Aluminum impregnation into mesoporous silica molecular sieves for catalytic application to Friedel-Crafts alkylation. J. Catal., 195: 237-243.
14. 3 catalyst. Applied Catal. A, 166: 387-392.
15. Okumura, K., Nishigaki, K., and Niwa, M. (2001) Prominent catalytic activity of Ga-containing MCM-41 in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation. Micro. Meso. Mater., 44: 509-516.
16. He, N., Bao, S., and Xu, Q. (1998) Fe-containing mesoporous molecular sieves materials: very active Friedel-Crafts alkylation catalysts. Applied Catal. A, 169: 29-36.
17. Righter, E.G., Tzou, M.S., and Pinnavaia, T.J. (1991) Iron oxide pillard clay with large gallery height: synthesis and preparation as a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. J. Catal., 130: 29-40.
18. Choudary, B.M., Kantam, M.L., Sateesh, M., Rao, K.K., and Santhi, P.I. (1997) Iron pillared clays-efficient catalysts for Friedel-Crafts reactions. Appl. Catal. A, 149: 257-264.
19. 3 supported on montmorillonite-K10 and Si-MCM-41 for benzylation of benzene. Catal. Lett., 64 (2): 223-226.
20. (a) Miller, J.M. , Wails, D., Hartman, J.S., and Schebesh, K. Belelie, J.L (1998). Friedel-Crafts catalysts using supported reagents: synthesis, characterization and catalytic application of sol-gel derived silica. Canadian J. Chem., 76 (4):382-388;
21. (b) Bachari, K., Millet, J.M.M., Benaïchouba, B., Cherifi, O., and Figueras, F. (2004) Benzylation of benzene by benzyl chloride over iron mesoporous molecular sieves materials. Journal of Catalysis, 221: 55-61.
22. Frank, H.G. and Stadelhofer, J.W. (1988) Industrial Aromatic Chemistry; Springer: Berlin.
23. Sivasanker, S. and Thangaraj, A. (1992) J. Catal., 138: 386.
24. Berna Tejero, J.L.; Danvila, A.M. (1992) US Patent 5,146,026, Petroquimica Espanola, S.A.Petresa.
25. Clark, J.H., Monks, G.L., Nightingale, D.J., Price, P.M., and White, J.F. (2000) A new solid acid-based route to linear alkylbenzenes. J. Catal., 193: 348-350.
26. Climent, M.J., Corma, A., Iborra, S., Miquel, S., Primo, J., and Rey, F. (1999) Mesoporous materials as catalysts for the production of chemicals: Synthesis of alkyl glucosides on MCM-41. J. Catal., 183: 76-82.
27. der Heijden, A.M., Van Rantwij, K.F., and Van Bekkam, H. (1999) MCM-41 materials as catalysts for the synthesis of alkyl fructosides. J. Carbohydr. Chem., 18 (2): 131-147.
28. Chuah, L.X. and Jaenicke, S. (1999) Base-functionalized MCM-41 as catalysts for the synthesis of monoglycerides, J. Mol. Catal. A, 150: 287-294.
29. Chuah, G.K., Hu, X., Zhan, P., and Jaenicke, S. (2002) Catalysts from MCM-41: framework modification, pore size engineering, and organic-inorganic hybrid materials. J. Mol. Cat. A, 181: 25-31.
30. 3 for the Synthesis of Linear Alkyl benzenes. J. Catal., 195: 412-415.
31. Kodenev, E.G., Shmakov, A.N., Yu Derevyankin, A., Lapina, O.P., and Romannikov, V.N. (2000) Highly-ordered aluminosilicate mesoporous mesophase materials: physico-chemical properties and catalytic behaviour. J. Mol. Catal., 158: 349-354.
32. Perego, C., Amarilli, S., Carati, A., Flego, C., Pazzuconi, G., Rizzo, C., and Bellussi, G. (1999) Mesoporous silica-aluminas as catalysts for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with olefins. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 27: 345-354.
33. Hu, X., Chuah, G.K., and Jaenicke, S. (2001) Solid acid catalysts for the efficient synthesis of 2-(2,4-difiuorophenyl) propane. Appl. Catal. A. Gen., 209:117-123.
34. 3 and other Lewis acids. Appl. Catal. A, 217: 1-9.
35. Hu, X., Chuah, G.K., and Jaenicke, S. (2002) Liquid-phase regioselective benzylation of bromobenzene and other aromatics over microporous zeolites. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 53: 153-161.
36. Misono, M. and Nojiri, N. (1990) Recent progress in catalytic technology in Japan. Appl. Catal., 64 (1): 1.
37. Pizzio, L.R., Caceres, C.V., and Blanco, M.N. (1998) Acid catalysts prepared by impregnation of tungstophosphoric acid solutions on different supports. Appl. Catal. A, 167: 283-294.
38. Kozhevnikov, I.V., Sinnema, A., Jansen, R.J.J., Pamin, K., and Van Bekkum, H. (1995) New acid catalysts comprising heteropoly acid on a mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41. Catal. Lett., 30 (1-4): 241-252.
39. 40 supported on MCM-41 molecular sieve and amorphous silica. J. Mol. Catal. A, 114: 287-298.
40. Blasco, T., Corma, A., Martinez, A., and Martinez-Escolano, P. (1998) Supported heteropolyacid (HPW) catalysts for the continuous alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene: The benefit of using MCM-41 with larger pore diameters. J. Catal., 177: 306-313.
41. Kresge, C.T.; Marler, D.S.; Rav, G.S.; Rose, R.H. (1994) US Patent 5366945.
42. Choi, S., Wang, Y., Nie, Z., Liu, J., and Peden, C.H.F. (2000) Cs-substituted tungstophosphoric acid salt supported on mesoporous silica. Catal. Today, 55: 117-124.
43. Soled, S., Miseo, S., Mc Vicker, G., Gates, W.E., Gutierrez, A., and Paes, J. (1997) Preparation of bulk and supported heteropoly acid salts. Catal. Today, 36: 441-450.
44. Cejka, J., Krejci, A., Zilkova, N., Dedecek, J., and Hanika (2001) Alkylation and disproportionation of aromatic hydrocarbons over mesoporous molecular sieves. J. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 44-45: 499-507.
45. Misono, M. and Okuhara, T. (1993) Chemtech., 11: 23.
46. Parikh, P.A., Subrahmanyam, N., Bhat, Y.S., and Halgen, A.B. (1992) Toluene isopropylation over zeolite β and metallosilicates of MFI structure. Appl. Catal. A, 90: 1-10.
47. Selvaraj, M., Pandurangan, A., Seshadri, K.S., Sinha, P.K., Krishnasamy, V., and Lal, K.B. (2002) Comparison of mesoporous Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves in the production of p-cymene for isopropylation of toluene. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 186: 173-186.
48. Thomas, J.M. (1998) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 27: 1673.
49. 3 ratio of H-mordenite in the isopropylation of naphthalene with propylene. Microporous Mater., 5 (3): 113-121.
50. Moreau, P., Finiels, A., Geneste, P., Joffre, J., Moreau, F., and Solofo, J. (1996) Selective dialkylation of naphthalene with hindered alkylating agents over HM and HY zeolites under liquid phase conditions. Catal. Today, 31: 11-17.
51. Reddy, K.M. and Song, C. (1996) Synthesis of mesoporous zeolites and their application for catalytic conversion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Catal. Today, 31: 137-144.
52. Sugi, Y. and Toba, M. (1994) Chapter 7, Shape-selective alkylation of polynuclear aromatics. Catal. Today, 19: 187-211.
53. Fraenkel, N., Cherniavsky, M., Ittah, B., and Levy, M. (1986) Shape selective alkylation of naphthalene and methylnaphthalene with methanol over H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts. J. Catal., 191: 273-283.
54. Cusumano, J.A. (1992) Chemtech., 482.
55. Zhao, X.S., Lu, G.Q., and Song, C. (2003) Immobilization of aluminum chloride on MCM-41 as a new catalyst system for liquid-phase isopropylation of naphthalene. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 191: 67-74.
56. Chakraborthy, B., Pulikkottil, A.C., and Viswanathan, B. (1996) Alkylation of naphthalene with alcohols over mesoporous MCM-41. Catal. Lett., 39: 63.
57. Kamalakar, G., Prasad, M.R., Kulkarni, S.J., Narayanan, S., and Raghavan, K.V. (2000) Vapor phase ethylation of naphthalene with ethanol over molecular sieve catalysts. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 38: 135-142.
58. Kamalakar, G., Kulkarni, S.J., Raghavan, K.V., Unnikrishnan, S., and Halgeri, A.B. (1999) Isopropylation of naphthalene over modified HMCM-41, HY and SAPO-5 catalysts. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 149: 283-288.
59. Kamalakar, G., Prasad, M.R., Kulkarni, S.J., and Raghavan, K.V. (2002) Vapour phase tert-butylation of naphthalene over molecular sieve catalysts. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 52: 151-158.
60. Armengol, E., Corma, A., Garcia, H., and Primo, J. (1997) Acid zeolites as catalysts in organic reactions, tert-Butylation of anthracene, naphthalene and thianthrene. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 149: 411-423.
61. Sakthivel, A., Badamali, S.K., and Selvam, P. (2000) para-Selective t-butylation of phenol over mesoporous H-AlMCM-41. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 39: 457-463.
62. Badamali, S.K., Sakthivel, A., and Selvam, P. (2000) Influence of aluminium sources on the synthesis and catalytic activity of mesoporous AlMCM-41 molecular sieves. Catal. Today, 63: 291-295.
63. (a) Sakthivel, A., Selvam, P. (2002) Vapor-phase tertiary butylation of phenol over mesoporous gallosilicate molecular sieves. Cat. Lett., 84 (1-2): 37-43;
64. (b) Savidha, R., Pandurangan, A., Palanichamy, M., and Murugesan, V. (2004) A comparative study on the catalytic activity of Zn and Fe containing Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves on the vapour phase tertiary butylation of phenol. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chem., 211: 165-177.
65. Bhattacharyya, K.G., Taludkar, A.K., Das, P., and Sivasanker, S. (2003) Al-MCM-41 catalysed alkylation of phenol with methanol. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 197 (1-2): 255-262.
66. Landau, M.V., Dafa, E., Kaliya, M.L., Sen, T., and Herskowitz, M. (2001) Mesoporous alumina catalytic material prepared by grafting wide-pore MCM-41 with an alumina multiplayer. Micropor. Mesoporous Mater., 49: 65-81.
67. Armengol, E., Cano, M.L., Corma, A., Garcia, H., and Navarro, M.T. (1995) Mesoporous aluminosilicate MCM-41 as a convenient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation of a bulky aromatic compound with cinnamyl alcohol. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 519-520.
68. Tismaneanu, R., Ray, B., Khalfin, R., Semiat, R., and Eisen, M.S. (2001) Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of actinide Th-MCM-41 and U-MCM-41 hexagonal packed mesoporous molecular sieves. J. Mol. Catal. A: Gen., 171: 229-241.
69. Wang, Y., Kim, A.Y., Li, S., Wang, L.-Q., Peden, C.H.F., and Bunker, B.C. (2000) Shape selective solid acid catalysts based on tunstophosphoric acid supported on mesoporous silica. ACS Symp. Ser. 738: 353-368.
70. Umamaheswary, V., Palanichamy, M., Arabindoo, B., and Murugesan, V. (2000) Regioselective ter-butylation of m-cresol over mesoporous Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves. Indian J. of Chemistry, 39A (12): 1241-1247.
71. (a) Chen, L.W., Chou, C.Y., Ko, A.N., (1999) Novel efficient synthesis off β-naphthyl methyl ether using sulfated mesoporous molecular sieve Al-MCM-41. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 178: L1-L6;
72. (b) Process for the preparation of alkylglycosides. (1996) Patent No: WO 96136640, Technische Universiteit Delft (applicant).
73. Rylander, R.N. (1979) Catalytic Hydrogenation in Organic Synthesis Academic Press: New York.
74. March, J. (1985) Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed.; Wiley-Interscience: New York.
75. Chou, P. and Vannice, M.A. (1987) Benzene hydrogenation over supported and unsupported palladium. J. Catal., 107: 129-139.
76. Cherkashin, G.M., Shuikina, L.P., Parengo, O.P., and Frilov, V.M. (1985) Kinet. Katal., 26: 1110.
77. Argentiere, P.L.L,, Liprandi, D.A., Marconetti, D.V., and Figoli, N.S. (1997) High active, selective and sulfur resistant supported palladium tetra-coordinated complex as catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of styrene. J. Mol. Catal., 118: 341-348.
78. Mathew, J.P. and Srinivasan, M. (1995) Photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) studies on some palladium catalysts. Eur. Polym. J., 31 (9): 835-839.
79. Raja, R. and Thomas, J.M. (2002) Catalyst design strategies for controlling reactions in microporous and mesoporous molecular-sieves. J. Mol. Cat. A: Chem., 181: 3-14.
80. Vanmeertan, R.Z.C. and Coenen, J.W.E. (1975) Gas phase benzene hydrogenation on a nickel-silica catalyst. J. Catal., 37: 37-43.
81. Martin, G.A. and Dalmon, J.A. (1982) Benzene hydrogenation over nickel catalysts at low and high temperature: structure sensitivity and Cu alloying effects. J. Catal., 75: 233-242.
82. Lefondeur, S., Monteverdi, S., Molina, S., Bettahar, S., and Fort, Y. (2001) Ni nanoparticles inserted in tBuONa matrix deposited on alumina: part. 11: Thermal treatment and Ni content effects on their stability and catalytic activity. J. Mater. Sci., 36 (11): 2633-2638.
83. Richardson, J.T. (1971) Dual functional activities in nickel acid catalysts. J. Catal., 21: 122-129.
84. (a) Lewandowska, A. Monteverdi, S.Bettahar, M.Ziolek, M. (2002) MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves supported nickel - physico-chemical properties and catalytic activity in hydrogenation of benzene. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 188: 85-95;
85. (b) Peng, T., Blanchard, J., Fajerwerg, K., Breysse, M., Vrinat, M., and Zhongmin, L. (2003) Preparation of Ru metal nanoparticles in mesoporous materials: influence of sulfur on the hydrogenating activity. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 60: 197-206.
86. Mandreoli, M., Vaccari, A., Veggetti, E., Jacquin, M., Jones, D.J., and Roziere, J. (2002) Vapour phase hydrogenation of naphthalene on a novel Ni-containing mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 231: 263-268.
87. Albertazzi, S., Ganzerla, R., Gobbi, C., Lenarda, M., Mandreoli, M., Salatelli, E., Savini, P., Storato, L., and Vaccari, A. (2003) Hydrogenation of naphthalene on noble-metal-containing mesoporous MCM-41 aluminosilicates. J. Mol. Cat. A: Chem., 200: 261-270.
88. Castellon, E.R., Diaz, L., Garcia, P.B., Robles, J.M., Torres, P.M., Lopez, A.J., and Vaccari, A. (2002) Nickel impregnated zirconium doped mesoporous molecular sieves as catalysts for the hydrogenation and ring opening of tetralin. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 6222: 1-12.
89. Pasto, D.J. (1979) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101: 6852.
90. Mohapatra, S.K., Sonavane, S.U., Jayaram, R.V., and Selvam, P. (1979) Heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds over Co(II) substituted hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate molecular sieves. Tetrahedron Lett., 43 (47): 8527-8529.
91. Choudary, B.M., Kantam, M.L., Reddy, N.M., Koteswara Rao, K., Haritha, Y., Bhaskar, V., Figueras, F., and Tuel, A. (1999) Hydrogenation of acetylenics by Pd-exchanged mesoporous materials. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 181: 139-144.
92. Card, R.J., Liesner, C.E., and Neckers, D.C. (1979) Poly(styryl) bipyridinepalladium complexes as heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes. J. Org. Chem., 44 (7): 1095-1098.
93. Choudary, B.M., Ravikumar, K., and Lakshmi Kantam, M. (1991) Synthesis and catalytic activity in selective hydrogenation of palladium complexes anchored in montmorillonite. J. Catal., 130: 41-51.
94. Choudary, B.M. and Bharati, P. (1987) Synthesis of interlamellar montmorillonite bipyridinepalladium(II) catalysts: The first example of chelation in smectite clay. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., : 1505-1506.
95. (a) De Bellefon, C.Fouillox, P. (1994) Homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrogenation of nitriles in liquid phase: chemical, mechanistic and catalytic approach. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 36: 459,506;
96. (b) Volf, J., Pasek, J., and Cerveny, L. Ed. (1986) Stu. Surf. Sci. Catal., 27: 105.
97. Garcia, P.B., Torres, P.M, Castellon, E.R., and Lopez, A.J. (2002) J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 3774: 1.
98. Yan Huang, Y. and Sachtler, W.M.H. (1997) The effect of catalyst pore structure on liquid phase catalysis: Hydrogenation of stearonitrile over ruthenium supported on mesoporous sulfated zirconia. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 163: 245-254.
99. Iglesia, E. (1997) Design, synthesis, and use of cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts. Appl. Catal. A, 161: 59-78.
100. Dry, M.E. (1990) The Fischer-Tropsch process - commercial aspects. Catal. Today, 6: 183-206.
101. Kraum, M. and Baerns, M. (1999) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: the influence of various cobalt compounds applied in the preparation of supported cobalt catalysts on their performance. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 186: 189-200.
102. Iglesia, E., Soled, S.L., and Fiato, R.A. (1995) Bimetallic synergy in cobalt ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts. J. Catal., 143: 345-368.
103. Corma, A., Martines, V., and Soria, V. (1997) Hydrogenation of aromatics in diesel fuels on Pt/MCM-41 catalysts. J. Catal., 169: 480-489.
104. Song, C. and Reddy, K.M. (1999) Mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 supported Co-Mo catalyst for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene in distillate fuels. Appl. Catal. A, 176: 1-10.
105. Schuth, F., Wingen, A., and Sauer (2001) Oxide loaded ordered mesoporous oxides for catalytic applications. J. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 465: 465-476.
106. Adasina, A.A. (1996) Hydrocarbon synthesis via Fischer-Tropsch reaction: travails and triumphs. Appl. Catal. A, 138: 345-367.
107. Yin, D., Li, W., Yang, W., Xiang, H., Sun, Y., Zhong, B., and Peng, S. (2001) Mesoporous HMS molecular sieves supported cobalt catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 47: 15-24.
108. Tanev, P.T., Chibwe, M., and Pinnavaia, T.J. (1994) Nature, 368: 317.
109. Panpranot, J., Goodwin J.G. Jr. and Sayari, A. (2002) CO hydrogenation on Ru-promoted Co/MCM-41 catalysts. J. Catal., 211: 530-539.
110. Iwasaki, T., Reinikainen, M., Onodera, Y., Hayashi, H., Ebina, T., Nagase, T., Torilli, K., Kataja, K., and Chatterjee, A. (1998) Use of silicate crystalline mesoporous material as catalyst support for Fischer-Tropsch reaction. Appl. Surf. Science, 130: 845-850.
111. Corma, A., Iglesia, M., Mohino, F., and Sanchez, F. (1997) Heterogenized catalysts on zeolites: synthesis of new chiral Rh(I) complexes with (2S,4R)-trans-4-RCOO-2-(t-butylaminocarbonyl)pyrrolidines and (2S,4S)cis-4-RCONH-2-(t- butylaminocarbonyl). Heterogenization of silica and a USY zeolite and study of the role of support on their catalytic profile in hydrogenation of olefins. J. Organomet. Chem., 544 (2): 147-156.
112. Shimazu, S., Ro, K., Sento, T., Ichikuni, N., and Uematsu, T. (1996) Asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters by rhodium(I)-phosphine complexes supported on smectites. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 107: 297-303.
113. Pu, L. (1999) Rigid and sterically regular chiral 1,1′-binaphthylpolymers in asymmetric catalysis. Chem. Eur. J., 5 (8): 2227-2232.
114. Jamis, J., Anderson, J.R., Dickson, R.S., Campi, E.M., and Jackson, W.R. (2000) Aqueous enantioselective hydrogenation involving silica heterogenized catalysts. J. Org. Metallic. Chem., 603 (1): 80-85.
115. Jamis, J., Anderson, J.R., Dickson, R.S., Campi, E.M., and Jackson, W.R. (2001) Modified silica heterogenized catalysts for use in aqueous enantioselective hydrogenations. J. Org. Metallic. Chem., 627 (1): 37-43.
116. Blaser, H.U., Honig, H., Studer, M., and Wedemeyer-Exl, C. (1999) Enantioselective synthesis of ethyl nipecotinate using cinchona modified heterogeneous catalysts. J. Mol. Catal. A: Gen., 139: 253-257.
117. Johnson, B.F.G., Raynor, S.A., Shephard, D.S., Mashmeyer, T., Thomas, J.M., Sankar, G., Bromley, S., Oldroyd, R., Gladden, L,, and Mantle, M.D. (1999) Superior performance of a chiral catalyst confined within mesoporous silica. Chem. Commun., 1167-1168.
118. Burch, R., Caps, V., Gleeson, D., Nishiyama, S., and Tsang, S.C. (2000) Nanoscopic tin-oxygen linings on mesoporous silica as a novel catalyst for organic hydrogen transfer reaction. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 194-195: 297-307.
119. Coman, S., Parvulescu, V.I., Tesche, B., Bonnemann, H., Roux, J.F., Kaliaguine, S., and Jacobs, P.A. (1999) Stereocontrolled hydrogenation of prostaglandin intermediates over Ru-MCM-41 catalysts. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 146: 247-256.
120. Clerici, M.G. (2000) Zeolite catalysts for fine chemical production. Topics Catal., 13 (4): 373-386.
121. Arends, I.W.C.E. and Sheldon, R.A. (2001) Activities and stabilities of heterogeneous catalysts in selective liquid phase oxidations: recent developments. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 212: 175-187.
122. Sheldon, R.A. and Dakka, J. (1994) Heterogeneous catalytic oxidations in the manufacture of fine chemicals. Catal. Today, 19: 215-245.
123. Centi, G. and Misono, M. (1998) New possibilities and opportunities for basic and applied research on selective oxidation by solid catalysts: an overview. Catal. Today, 41: 287-296.
124. Rafelt, J.S. and Clark, J.H. (2000) Recent advances in the partial oxidation of organic molecules using heterogeneous catalysis. Catal. Today, 57: 33-34.
125. Jentys, A., Pham, N.H., Vinek, H., Englisch, M., and Lercher, J.A. (1996) Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous materials containing highly dispersed cobalt. Microporous Mater., 6 (1): 13-17.
126. Blasco, T., Corma, A., Navarro, M.T., and Pérez Pariente, J. (1995) Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of Ti-MCM-41 structures. J. Catal., 156: 65-74.
127. Oldroyd, R.D., Thomas, J.M., Maschmeyer, T., MacFaul, P.A., Snelgrove, D.W., Ingold, K.U., and Wayner, D.D.M. (1996) The Ti(IV) catalyzed epoxidation of alkenes by tert-alkyl hydroperoxides. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 35 (23-24): 2787-2790.
128. Carvalho, W.A., Varaldo, P.B., Wallau, M., and Schuchardt, U. (1997) Mesoporous redox molecular sieves analogous to MCM-41. Zeolites, 18 (5,6): 408-416.
129. Tuel, A. (1999) Modification of mesoporous silicas by incorporation of heteroelements in the framework. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 27: 151-169.
130. Zho, D., Goldfarb, D., Bonneviot, L., and Kaliaguine, S., Eds.; (1995) Zeolites: A Refined Tool for Designing Catalytic Sites; Elsevier: Amsterdam; 181.
131. Arnold, A.J.J., Niederer, J.P.M., Nießen, T.E.W., and Hölderich, W.F. (1999) The influence of synthesis parameters on the vanadium content and pore size of [V]-MCM-41 materials. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 28: 353-360.
132. Hartmann, M., Racouchot, S., and Bischof, C. (1999) Characterization of copper and zinc containing MCM-41 and MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieves by temperature programmed reduction and carbon monoxide adsorption. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 27: 309-320.
133. Suvanto, S., Hukkamäki, J., Pakkanen, T.T., and Pakkanen, T.A. (2000) High cobalt loaded MCM-41 via the gas-phase method. Langmuir, 16 (9): 4109-4115.
134. Carvalho, W.A., Wallau, M., and Schuchardt, U. (1999) Iron and copper immobilised on mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieves as catalysts for the oxidation of cyclohexane. J. Mol. Catal. A, 144: 91-99.
135. Dusi, M., Mallat, T., and Baiker, A. (2000) Epoxidation of functionalized olefins over solid catalysts. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 42 (1,2): 213-278.
136. Hari Prasad Rao, P.R., Ramaswamy, A.V., and Ratnasamy, P. (1992) J. Catal., 137: 225.
137. Sudhakar Reddy, J., Sivasanker, S., and Ratnasamy, P. (1992) Hydroxylation of phenol over ts-2, a titanium silicate molecular sieve. J. Mol. Catal., 71: 373-381.
138. Okumura, J., Nishiyama, S., Tsuruya, S., and Masai, M. (1998) Formation of Cu-supported mesoporous silicates and aluminosilicates and liquid-phase oxidation of benzene catalyzed by the Cu-mesoporous silicates and aluminosilicates. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 135: 133-142.
139. Tatsumi, T., Yuasa, K., and Tominaga, H. (1992) Hydroxylation of benzene and hexane by oxygen and hydrogen over palladium containing titanium silicalites. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1446.
140. Miyake, T., Hamada, M., Sasaki, S., and Oguri, M. (1995) Direct synthesis of phenol by hydroxylation of benzene with oxygen and hydrogen. Appl. Catal., 131: 33-42.
141. Lee, C.W., Lee, W.J., Ki park, Y., and Park, S.-E. (2000) Catalytic hydroxylation of benzene over vanadium-containing molecular sieves. Catalysis Today, 61: 137-141.
142. Park, S.-E., Yoo, J.W., and Lee, W.J. (1999) In Proceedings of the 12th IZC. Baltimore, USA, Vol. II, 1253.
143. Parvulescu, V. and Su, B.-L. (2001) Iron, cobalt or nickel substituted MCM-41 molecular sieves for oxidation of hydrocarbons. B.-L Catalysis Today, 69: 315-322.
144. Mahapatra, S.K., Sahoo, B., Keune, W., and Selvam, P. (2002) Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of trivalent iron substituted hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphates. Chem. Commun., 1466-1467.
145. Subrahmanyam, Ch., Louis, B., Rainone, F., Viswanathan, B., Renken, A., and Varadarajan, T.K. (2003) Catalytic oxidation of toluene with molecular oxygen over Cr-substituted mesoporous materials. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 241: 205-215.
146. Franco, L.N., Perez, I.H., Pliego, J.A., and Franco, A.M. (2002) Selective hydroxylation of phenol employing Cu-MCM-41 catalysts. Catalysis Today, 75: 189-195.
147. Zhao, W., Luo, Y., Deng, P., and Li, Q. (2001) Synthesis of Fe- MCM-48 and its catalytic performance in phenol hydroxylation. Catal. Lett. 73 (2): 199-202.
148. Ahn, W.S., Kim, N.K., and Jeong, S.Y. (2001) Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of Ti-containing mesoporous molecular sieves prepared using a fluorosilicon compound. Catal. Today, 68: 83-88.
149. Ahn, W.S., Lee, D.H., Kim, T.J., Kim, J.H., Seo, G., and Ryoo, R. (1999) Postsynthetic preparations of titanium-containing mesopore molecular sieves. Appl. Catal. A, 181: 39-49.
150. Schudel, P., Mayer, H., and Isler, O. (1972) The Vitamins; Sebrell, W.H., Jr. and Harris, R.S., Eds.; Academic Press: New York; Vol. 5, 165.
151. 2/heteropoly acid system. Tetra. Lett., 30: 471.
152. Kholdeeva, O.A., Golovin, A.V., Maksimovskaya, R.I., and Kozhevnikov, I.V. (1992) Oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol in the presence of molybdovanadophosphoric heteropoly acids. J. Mol. Catal., 75: 235-244.
153. Michelet, D. (1975) US Patent No. 3910967.
154. 2. Tetra. Lett., 24 (47): 5249-5252.
155. Bitter, J.G.A.; Maas, R.J.; Scheeman, J.H. (1981) US Patent No. 4250335.
156. Gessner, T. (1998) US Patent no. 57124161998.
157. Thoemel, F.; Hoffmann, W. (1985) US Patent No. 4491545.
158. Isshiki, T.; Yui, T.; Abe, M.; Jono, M.; Uno, H. (1989) US Patent No. 4828762.
159. Hoercher, U.; Bockstiegel, B.; Grafen, P.; Lass, H. (1991) US Patent No. 5041572.
160. Chou, B., Tsai, J-L., and Cheng, S. (2001) Cu-substituted molecular sieves as liquid phase oxidation catalysts. Micr. Meso. Mater., 48: 309-317.
161. Tsai, C.-L., Chou, B., Cheng, S., and Lee, J-F. (2001) Synthesis of TMBQ using Cu(II)-substituted MCM-41 as the catalyst. Appl. Catal. A, 208: 279-289.
162. Kholdeeva, O.A., Trukhan, N.N., Vanina, M.P., Romannikov, V.N., Parmon, V.N., Mrowiec-Bialon, J., and Jarzebski, A.B. (2002) A new environmentally friendly method for the production of 2,3,5-trimethyl-p-benzoquinone. Catal. Today, 75: 203-209.
163. Turk, D. (1987) Europian Patent 0127888Bi.
164. 2-based selective oxidations over titaniumsilicates of SBA-15 type. Micro. Meso. Mater., 59: 73-84.
165. Choudhary, K., Bal, R., Srinivas, D., Chandwadkar, A.J., and Sivasanker, S. (2001) Redox behavior and selective oxidation properties of mesoporous titano-and zirconosilicate MCM-41 molecular sieves. Micro. Meso. Mater., 50: 209-218.
166. (a) Gontier, S., Tuel, A (1996) Novel zirconium containing mesoporous silicas for oxidation reactions in the liquid phase. Appl. Catal. A 143: 125-135;
167. (b) Laha, S.C. and Kumar, R. (2002) Promoter induced synthesis of MCM-41 type mesoporous materials including Ti- and V-MCM-41 and their catalytic properties in oxidation reactions. Micro. Meso. Mater., 53: 163-177.
168. Srinivas, N., Rani, V.R., Kishan, M.R., Kulkarni, S.J., and Raghavan, K.V. (2001) Liquid phase selective oxidation of alcohols over modified molecular sieves. J. Mol. Catal. A, 172: 187-191.
169. Srinivas, N., Rani, V.R., Kulkarni, S.J., and Raghavan, K.V. (2002) J. Mol. Catal. A, 179: 22.
170. Muzart, J. (1992) Chem. Rev., 92: 113.
171. Choudary, B.M., Prasad, A.D., Bhuma, V., and Swapna, V. (1992) Chromium pillard clay as a catalyst for benzylic oxidation and oxidative deprotection of benzyl ethers and benzylamines: A simple and convenient procedure. J. Org. Chem., 57: 5841-5844.
172. Lampers, H.E.B.L. and Sheldon, R.A. (1998) The stability of chromium in CrAPO-5, CrAPO-11, and CrS-1 during liquid phase oxidations. J. Catal., 175: 62-69.
173. Das, T.K., Choudhary, K., Nandanan, E., Chandwadkar, A.J., Sudalai, A., Ravindranathan, T., and Sivasankar, S. (1997) Cr-MCM-41 catalyzed selective oxidation of alkylarenes with TBHP. Tetra. Lett., 38 (20): 3631-3634.
174. Sakthivel, A., Badamali, S.K., and Selvam, P. (2002) Catalytic oxidation of alkylaromatics over mesoporous (Cr)MCM-41. Catal. Lett., 80 (1,2): 73-76.
175. McDaniel, M.P. (1982) J. Catal., 76: 17.
176. Badamali, S.K. and Selvam, P. (1999) Recent Trends in catalysis; Murugesan, V., Arabindoo, B. and Palanichamy, M., Eds., 550.
177. Kim, S.-S., Zhang, W., and Pinnavaia, T.J. (1997) Catalytic oxidation of styrene by manganese(II) bipyridine complex cations immobilized in mesoporous AI-MCM-41. Catal. Lett., 43: 149-154.
178. Burch, R., Cruise, N., Gleeson, D., and Tsang, S.C. (1996) Surface grafted manganese-oxo-species on the walls of MCM-41 channels - a novel oxidation catalyst. Chem. Commun., (8): 951-952.
179. Burch, R., Cruise, N.A., Gleeson, D., and Tsang, S.C. (1998) Extended X-ray absorption fine structure study of manganese-oxo-species and related compounds on the surface of MCM-41 channels. J. Mater. Chem. 8 (1): 227-231.
180. Gontier, S. and Tuel, A. (1995) Liquid-phase oxidation of aniline over various transition-metal-substituted molecular-sieves. J. Catal., 157: 124-132.
181. Tian, Z.-R., Tong, W., Wang, J.-Y., Duan, N.-G., Krishnan, V.V., and Suib, S.L. (1997) Manganese oxide mesoporous structures: mixed-valent semiconducting catalyst. Science, 276 (5314): 926-930.
182. Yonemitsu, M., Tanaka, Y., and Iwamoto, M. (1998) Metal ion-planted MCM-41: 2. Catalytic epoxidation of stilbene and its derivatives with tert-butyl hydroperoxide on Mn-MCM-41. J. Catal., 178: 207-213.
183. Fern'andez, I., Pedro, J.R., and de la Salud, R. (1996) Aerobic catalytic epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins using a new (salen)manganese(III) complex bearing a sesquiterpene salicylaldehyde derivative. Tetrahedron, 52 (36): 12031-12038.
184. Sheldon, R.A. and Kochi, J.K. (1981) Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations of Organic Compounds. Academic Press: New York.
185. Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Itsuki, S., Shishido, T., and Takehira, K. (2002) Manganese-containing MCM-41 for epoxidation of styrene and stilbene. J. Mol. Catal., 188: 189-200.
186. Sakthivel, A., Dapurkar, S.E., and Selvam, P. (2001) Mesoporous (Cr)MCM-41 and (Cr)MCM-48 molecular sieves: promising heterogeneous catalysts for liquid phase oxidation reactions. Cat. Lett., 77 (1): 155-158.
187. Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Shishido, T., and Takehira, K. (2002) Characterizations of iron-containing MCM-41 and its catalytic properties in epoxidation of styrene with hydrogen peroxide. J. Catal., 209: 186-196.
188. Sutra, P. and Brunel, D. (1996) Preparation of MCM-41 type silica-bound manganese (III) schiff-base complexes. Chem. Commun., 2485-2486.
189. Cauvel, A., Renard, G., and Brunel, D. (1997) Monoglyceride synthesis by heterogeneous catalysts using MCM-41 type silicas functionalized with aminogroups. J. Org. Chem., 62: 749-751.
190. Bellocq, N., Brunel, D., Laspéras, M., and Moreau, P. (1998) Supported Reagents and Catalysts in Chemistry; Hodnett, B.K. et al., Ed., R. Soc. Chem., 162.
191. Laspéras, M., Bellocq, N., Brunel, D., and Moreau, P. (1998) Chiral mesoporous templated silicas as heterogeneous inorganic-organic catalyst in the enantioselective alkylation of benzaldehyde. Tetrahedron Asymm., 9 (17): 3053-3064.
192. Brunel, D. (1999) Functionalized micelle templated silicas (MTS) and their use as catalysts for tine chemicals. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 27 (2,3): 329-344.
193. Brunel, D., Fajula, F., Nagy, J.B., Deroide, B., Verhoef, M.J., Veum, L., Peters, J.A., and Van Bekkum, H. (2001) Comparison of two MCM-41 grafted TEMPO catalysts in selective alcohol oxidation. Appl. Catal. A, 213: 73-82.
194. Corma, A. and Kumar, D. (1998) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 117: 201.
195. Van Bekkum, H. and Kloetstra, K.R. (1998) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 117: 171.
196. Velu, S., Suzuki, K., Okazaki, M., Kapoor, M.P., Osaki, T., and Ohashi, F. (2000) Oxidative steam reforming of methane over CuZnAl(Zr)-oxide catalyst for the selective production of hydrogen for fuel cells: Catalyst characterization and performance evaluation. J. Catal., 194 (2): 373-384.
197. 3 catalyst for the CO shift reaction. J. Catal., 195: 420-422.
198. Karakassides, M.A., Bourlnos, A., Petridis, D., Coche- Guerente, L., and Labbe, P. (2000) Synthesis and characterization of Cu containing mesoporous silicas. J. Mater. Chem., 10 (2): 403-408.
199. Xu, J., Yu, J., Lee, S.J., Kim, B.Y., and Kevan, L. (2000) Electron spin resonance and electron spin echo modulation studies of adsorbate interactions with cupric ion on the AI content in Cu-Al-MCM-41 materials. J. Phys. Chem., B104 (6): 1307-1314.
200. Velu, S., Wang, L., Okasaki, M., and Tomura, S. (2002) Characterization of MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves containing copper and zinc and their catalytic performance in the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 54: 113-126.
201. Corma, A., Navarro, M.T., and Perez-Periente, J. (1994) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 147.
202. Kan, Q., Bi, Y., Ying, Z., Wu, T., and Zhen, K. (2001) Catalytic oxidation of α-eicosanol into eicosanic acid in the presence of Ti-MCM-41 or active component supported Ti-MCM-41 catalysts. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 44: 609-617.
203. Curuntt, G.L. (1986) US Patent 4,625,044, to Dow Chemical Company.
204. Curuntt, G.L. (1991) US Patent 5,004,827, Dow Chemical Company.
205. Curuntt, G.L. and Harley, D.C. (1988) Oxygen Complexes and Oxygen Activation by Transition Metals; Plenum Press: New York, 215.
206. Wang, Y.J., Zhao, X.Q., Yuan, B.G., Zhang, B.C., and Cong, J.S. (1998) Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by gas-phase oxidative carbonylation of methanol on the supported solid catalyst I. Catalyst preparation and catalytic properties. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 171: 255-260.
207. King, S.T. (1996) Reaction mechanism of oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate in Cu-Y zeolite. J. Catal., 161: 530-538.
208. King, S.T. (1997) Oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate by solid-state ion-exchanged CuY catalysts. Catal. Today 33: 173-182.
209. Mokaya, R., Jones, W., Luan, Z.H., Alba, M.D., and Klinowski, J. (1996) Acidity and catalytic activity of the mesoporous aluminosilicate molecular sieve MCM-41. Catal. Lett., 37 (1,2): 113-120.
210. Li, Z., Xie, K., and Slade, R.C.T. (2001) High selective catalyst CuCl/ MCM-41 for oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate. Appl. Catal. A, 205: 85-92.
211. (a) Pitchai, R., Klier, K (2001) Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 28: 13;
212. (b) Brown, M.J. and Parkyns, N.D. (1991) Progress in the partial oxidation of methane to methanol and formaldehyde. Catal. Today, 8: 305-335.
213. Herman, G., Sun, Q., Shi, C., Klier, K., Wang, C.-B., Hu, H., Wachs, I.E., and Bhasin, M. (1997) Development of active oxide catalysts for the direct oxidation of methane to formaldehyde. Catal. Today, 37: 1-14.
214. Parmaliana, A., Frusteri, F., Mezzapica, A., Miceli, D,, Scurrell, M.S., and Giordano, N.J. (1993) A basic approach to evaluate methane partial oxidation catalysts. Catal., 143: 262-274.
215. 2 systems. J. Catal., 167: 57-65.
216. Cardoso, J.H., Bañares, M.A., Correa Bueno, J.M., and Fierro, J.L.G. (1998) Partial oxidation of methane on silica supported vanadia catalyst. The relevance of catalyst BET area and gas phase activation. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 63 (11): 1743-1754.
217. 5. J. Catal., 148: 369, 378-387.
218. Sexton, A.W., Coda, E.M.G., and Hodnett, B.K. (1998) A comparison of the performances of selected catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde at elevated pressures. Catal. Today, 46: 127-136.
219. 2. J. Catal., 148: 514-523.
220. Kartheuser, B., Hodnett, B.K., Zanthoff, H., and Baerns, M. (1993) Catal. Lett., 21: 209.
221. x/MCM materials for the partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde. J. Catal., 191: 384-400.
222. Dai, L.-X., Teng, Y.-H., Tabata, K., Suzuki, E., and Tatsumi, T. (2001) Catalytic application of Mo-incorporated SBA-1 mesoporous molecular sieves to partial oxidation of methane. Micro. Meso. Mater., 44: 5573-5580.
223. Raja, H.P., Poladi, R., and Landry, C.C. (2002) Oxidation of octane and cyclohexane using a new porous substrate, Ti-MMM-1. Micro. Meso. Mater., 52: 11-18.
224. Beck, J.S., Vartuli, J.C., Roth, W.J., Leonowicz, M.E., Kresge, C.T., Schmitt, K.D., Chu, C.T.-W., Olson, D.H., Sheppard, E.W., McCullen, S.B., Higgins, J.B., and Schlenker, J.L. (1992) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114: 108-134.
225. Sakthivel, A. and Selvam, P. (2002) Mesoporous (Cr)MCM-41: A mild and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of cyclohexane. J. Catal., 211: 134-143.
226. Mamedov, E.A. and Cortés Corberán, V. (1995) Oxidative dehydrogenation of lower alkanes on vanadium oxide-based catalysts. The present state of the art and outlooks. Appl. Catal. A, 127: 1-40.
227. Bettahar, M.M., Costentin, G., Savary, L., and Lavailey, J.C. (1996) On the partial oxidation of propane and propylene on mixed metal oxide catalysts. Appl. Catal. A, 145: 1-48.
228. Peña, M.L., Dejoz, A., Fornés, V., Reya, F., Vázquez, M.I., and López Nieto, J.M. (2001) V-containing MCM-41 and MCM-48 catalysts for the selective oxidation of propane in gas phase. Appl. Catal. A, 209: 155-164.
229. Sulikowski, B., Olejniczak, Z., Woch, E., Rakoczy, J., Valenzuela, R.X., and Cortés Corberán, V. (2002) Oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane on MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves. Appl. Catal. A, 232: 189-202.
230. Nojiri, N., Sakai, Y., and Watanabe, Y. (1995) Two catalytic technologies of much influence on progress in chemical process development in Japan. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 37 (1): 145-178.
231. 40]/HMS. Catal. Commun., 4 (6): 281-285.
232. Murata, K. and Kiyozumi, Y. (2001) Oxidation of propene by molecular oxygen over titanium modified silicalite catalysts. Chem. Commun. : 1356-1357.
233. Xu, X. and Friend, C.M. (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113: 6779.
234. McCoy, M. (1998) Chem. Eng. News, 14: 19.
235. Ainsworth, S.J. (1992) Chem. Eng. News, 2: 9.
236. Kalvachev, Y.A., Hayashi, T., Tsubota, S., and Haruta, M. (1997) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 110: 965.
237. 2 Catalysts in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen. J. Catal., 178: 566-575.
238. 2 over Au/Ti-MCM-48. J. Catal., 209: 331-340.
239. 2 over Au/Ti-MCM-41. Appl. Catal., A215: 137-148.
240. Kawi, S. and Te, M. (1998) MCM-48 supported chromium catalyst for trichloroethylene oxidation. Catal. Today, 44: 101-109.
241. Kumar, K.R., Choudary, B.M., Jamil, Z., and Thyagarajan, G. (1986) Synthesis of new interlamellar functionalized montmorillonite Pd(II) catalysts: The first example of a truly 'heterogeneous' anchored catalyst. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 130-131.
242. Barloy, L., Battioni, P., and Mansuy, D. (1990) Manganese porphyrin supported on montmorillonite as hydrocarbon mono-oxygenation catalysts: Particular efficacy for Linear Alkane Hydroxylation. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1365-1367.
243. Choudary, B.M., Kantam, M.L., Bharathi, B., Sreekanth, P., and Figueras, F. (2000) Epoxidation of olefins catalyzed by new Mn(II) salen immobilized mesoporous materials. J. Mole. Catal. A, 159 (2): 417-421.
244. Reddy, J.S., Liu, P., and Sayari, A. (1996) Vanadium containing crystalline mesoporous molecular sieves Leaching of vanadium in liquid phase reactions. Appl. Catal. A, 148: 7-21.
245. Wei, D., Chueh, W.-T., and Haller, G.L. (1999) Catalytic behavior of vanadium substituted mesoporous molecular sieves. Catal. Today, 51: 501-511.
246. (a) Corma, A. Iglesias, M.Sanchez, F. (1996). Large pore Ti zeolites and mesoporous Ti silicalite as catalysts for selective oxidation of organic sulphides. Catal. Lett., 1996, 39 (3,4): 153-156;
247. (b) Jörgensen, K.A. (1989) Chem. Rev., 431-458;
248. (c) Dickman, M.H., Pope, M.T. (1994) Chem. Rev., 569-584;
249. (d) Romao, C., Kühn, F.E., Herrmann, W.A. (1997) Chem. Rev., 3197-3246;
250. (e) Carla, D.N., Martyn, P., Anabela, A.V., Joaõ, R., André D.L., and Isabel, S.G. (2003) Dioxomolybdenum(VI)-Modified Mesoporous MCM-41 and MCM-48 materials for the catalytic epoxidation of olefins. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 3870-3877;
251. (f) Arends, I.W.C.E. and Sheldon, R.A. (2001) Appl. Catal. A, 212: 175-187.
252. Rhee, C.H. and Lee, J.S. (1996) Thermal and chemical stability of Ti-substituted MCM-41. Catal. Lett., 40 (3,4): 261-264.
253. 2 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Catal. Lett., 50 (1): 107-114.
254. 2 over Ti- and V-containing mesoporous mesophase catalysts. Micro. Meso. Mater., 44: 603-608.
255. 2 over Ti-containing mesoporous mesophase catalysts. J. Mole. Catal. A, 158: 417-421.
256. 2 Mixed oxides for the epoxidation of cyclohexene. J. Catal., 171: 420-430.
257. Mlodnicka, T. and James, B.R. (1994) Metalloporphyrin Catalyzed Oxidations. In: Monatanari, F. and Casella, L., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
258. Liu, C-J., Li, S.-G., Pang, W.-Q., and Che, C.-M. (1997) Ruthenium porphyrin encapsulated in modified mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 for alkene oxidation. Chem. Commun., 65-66.
259. Algarra, F., Esteves, M.A., and Vornes, V. (1998) Condensation of pyrrole with aldehydes in the presence of Y-zeolite and mesoporous MCM-41 aluminosilicate on the encapsulation of porphyrin precursors. New J. Chem., 22 (4): 333-338.
260. Liu, C.-J., Yu, W.-Y., Li, S.-G., and Che, C.-M. (1998) Ruthenium meso-Tetrakis (2,6-dichlorophenyl) porphyrin complex immobilized in mesoporous MCM-41 as a heterogeneous catalyst for selective alkene epoxidations. J. Org. Chem., 63: 7364-7369.
261. Kim, G.-J. and Kim, S.-H. (1999) Immobilization of new Mn (salen) complex over MCM-41 and its activity in asymmetric epoxidation of styrene. Catal. Lett., 57: 139-143.
262. Zhang, L., Sun, T., and Ying, J.Y. (1999) Oxidation catalysts over functionalized metaloporphyrind fixated within ultra large pore transition metal doped silicate supports. Chem. Commun., 1103-1104.
263. Schünemann, V., Trautwein, A.X., Rietjens, I.M.C.M., Boersma, M.G., Veeger, C., Mandon, D., Weiss, R., Bahl, K., Colapietro, C., Piech, M., and Austin, R.N. (1999) Characterization of Fe(III) Tetramesitylporphyrin and micro-peroxidase-8 incorporated into the molecular sieve MCM-41. Inorg. Chem., 38 (1): 4901-4905.
264. Potowicz, J., Serwicka, E.M., Bastardo-Gonzalez, E., Jones, W., and Mokaya, R. (2001) Oxidation of cyclohexene over Mn(TMPyP) porphyrin-exchanged Al,Simesoporous molecular sieves. Appl. Catal. A 218: 211-217.
265. Sakthivel, A., Dapurkar, S.E., and Selvam, P. (2003) Allylic oxidation of cyclohexene over chromium containing mesoporous molecular sieves. Appl. Catal. A, 246: 283-293.
266. Muzart, J. (1992) Chem. Rev., 92: 113.
267. (a) Bhaumik, A.Tatsumi, T. (2000) Organically modified titanium-rich TI-MCM-41, efficient catalysts for epoxidation reactions. J. Catal. 189 (1): 31-39;
268. (b) Dusi Mallat, T. and Baiker, A. (2000) Catal. Rev., 42: 213-78;
269. (c) De Vos, D.E., Datas, M., Sels, B.F., and Jacobs, P.A. (2003) Adv. Synth. Catal., 345: 457-473;
270. (d) Clark, J.H.and Macquarrie, D.J. (1998) Chem. Commun., 853-60;
271. (e) Shephard, D.S., Zhou, W. , Maschmeyer, T., Matters, J.M., Roper, C.L., Parsons, S., Johnson, B.F.G., and Duer, M.J. (1998) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 37: 2719-2723;
272. (f) Anwander, R. (2001) Chem. Mater., 13: 4419-4438;
273. (g) Xiang, S., Zhang, Y., Xin, Q., and Li, C. (2002) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 41: 821-824;
274. (h) Coperet, C., Chabanas, M., Saint-Arroman, R.P., and Basset, J.-M. (2003) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 42: 156-181;
275. (i) Lim, M.H. and Stein, A. (1999) Chem. Mater., 11: 3285-3295;
276. (j) Stein, A., Melde, B.J., and Schroden, R.C. (2000) Adv. Mater., 12: 1403-1419;
277. (k) Wight, A.P. and Davis, M.E. (2002) Chem. Rev., 102: 3589-3614;
278. (l) Jia, M. and Thiel, W.R. (2002) Chem. Commun., 2392-2393;
279. (m) Jia, M., Seifert, A., and Thiel, W.R. (2003) Mesoporous MCM-41 materials modified with oxodiperoxo molybdenum complexes: Efficient catalysts for the epoxidation of cyclooctene. Chem. Mater., 15: 2174-2180;
280. (n) Jia, M., Seifert, A., Berger, M., Giegengack, H., Schulze, S., and Thiel, W.R. (2004) Hybrid mesoporous materials with a uniform ligand distribution: synthesis, characterization, and application in epoxidation catalysis. Chem. Mater., 16: 877-882.
281. Thomas, J.M., Maschmeyer, T., Johnson, B.F.G., and Shephard, D.S. (1999) Constrained chiral catalysts. J. Mol. Catal. A, 141: 139-144.
282. Schwab, G.M. and Rudolf, L. (1932) Naturwiss, 20: 362.
283. 2+ exchanged zeolites. Appl. Catal. A, 182: 85-89.
284. (a) Iwamoto, M., Tanaka, Y., Hirosumi, J., Kita, N., and Triwahyono, S. (2001) Enantioselective oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide on Ti-containing mesoporous silica prepared by a template-ion exchange method. Micro. Meso. Mater., 48: 271-277;
285. (b) Iwamoto, M. and Tanaka, Y. (2001) Catal. Surveys fron Jpn. 5: 25
286. Wingen, W., Anastasievic, N., Hollnagel, A., Wener, D., and Schuth, F. (2000) Fe-MCM-41 as a catalyst for sulfur dioxide oxidation in highly concentrated gases. J. Catal., 193: 248-254.
287. Panov, G., Kharitonov, A.S., and Sobolev, V.I. (1993) Oxidative hydroxylation using dinitrogen monoxide: a possible route for organic synthesis over zeolites. Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 98: 11-20.
288. Pophal, C., Yogo, T., Yamada, K., and Segawa, K. (1998) Selective catalytic reduction of nitrous oxide over Fe-MFI in the presence of propene as reductant. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 16 (2): 177-186.
289. 2O to adsorbed NO by Fe-MCM-41 and Fe-ZSM-5. J. of Catal., 196: 126-133.
290. Bartl, P., Schindler, G.P., and Holderich, W.F. (1998) Oxidative cleavage of cyclohexane derivatives over titanium-containing Y zeolites. Appl. Catal. A, 166: 267-279.
291. Sheldon, R.A. and Dakka, J. (1992) Proceedings of the DGMK-Conference "Selective Oxidations in Petrochemistry"; Baerns, M. and Weitkamp, J., Eds.; Goslar, Germany, 215.
292. Martýrnez Velarde, A., Bartl, P., Nießen, T.E.W., and Hoelderich, W.F. (2000) Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of D-glucose with titanium-containing zeolites as catalysts. J. Mole. Catal. A, 157: 225-236.
293. 5] as the titanium source. Micro- and Meso. Mater., 21: 67-74.
294. Clerici, M.G. (2000) Zeolites for fine chemical production. Topics Catal., 13 (4): 373-386.
295. Arends, I.W.C.E. and Sheldon, R.A. (2001) Activities and stabilities of heterogeneous catalysts in selective liquid phase oxidations: recent developments. Appl. Catal. A, 212: 175-187.
296. Hutter, R., Mallat, T., and Baiker, A. (1995) Titania silica mixed oxides: II. Catalytic behavior in olefin epoxidation. J. Catal., 177-189.