Gender-related persecution

Refugee Protection in International Law: UNHCR's Global Consultations on International Protection

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 319-350

  Haines, Rodger ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 14544286245     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511493973.017     Document Type: Chapter

References (45)

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2. M. Nowak, UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary (NP Engel, Kehl am Rhein, Germany, and Arlington, VA, USA, 1993), 458 and 460
3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, 999 UNTS 171, 6 ILM 368, 1967 (hereinafter ‘ICCPR’)
4. UNHCR, Division of International Protection, ‘Gender-Related Persecution: An Analysis of Recent Trends’, International Journal of Refugee Law, special issue, 1997, 79–113
5. D. E. Anker, ‘Refugee Status and Violence Against Women in the “Domestic” Sphere: The Non-State Actor Question?’, 15 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 2001, p. 391
6. T. Spijkerboer, Gender and Refugee Status (Ashgate, Aldershot, 2000), p. 3.
7. H. Crawley, Refugees and Gender: Law and Process (Jordans, Bristol, 2001)
8. D. E. Anker, Law of Asylum in the United States (3rd edn, Refugee Law Center, 1999), 252–66, 365–76, and 388–93
9. P. Goldberg, ‘Analytical Approaches in Search of Consistent Application: A Comparative Analysis of the Second Circuit Decisions Addressing Gender in the Asylum Law Context’, 66 Brooklyn Law Review, 2000, p. 309
10. H.Crawley, Refugees and Gender, above n. 12, p. 6
11. Refugee Women's Legal Group (RWLG), ‘Gender Guidelines for the Determination of Asylum Claims in the UK’, July 1998, para. 1.8; UNHCR, 2000 Position Paper on Gender-Related Persecution, above n. 9, p. 1.
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16. H.Crawley, Refugees and Gender, above n. 12, 6–7
17. Refugee Women's Legal Group (RWLG), ‘Gender Guidelines for the Determination of Asylum Claims in the UK’, July 1998, (hereinafter ‘RWLG, Gender Guidelines’); UNHCR, 2000 Position Paper on Gender-Related Persecution, above n. 9, p. 1.
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19. UNHCR, 2000 Position Paper on Gender- Related Persecution, above n. 9, p. 2.
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23. R. Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and HowWe Use It (Clarendon, Oxford, 1995), 100–1
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25. UNGA, ‘Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women’, above n. 50, Art. 2; UNHCR, 2000 Position Paper on Gender-Related Persecution, above n. 9, 4–5.
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29. N. Valji and L. A. De La Hunt, ‘Gender Guidelines for Asylum Determination’, National Consortium on Refugee Affairs, 1999, p. 18 (South Africa); Aguirre-Cervantes v. INS, 242 F 3d 1169 (9th Circuit), 2001
30. N.Valji and De La Hunt, ‘Gender Guidelines for Asylum Determination’, above n. 71, p. 8;
31. R. Higgins, Problems and Process, above n. 42, 96–7.
32. W. Ka¨ lin, ‘Well-Founded Fear of Persecution: A European Perspective’ in Asylum Law and Practice in Europe and North America: A Comparative Analysis (ed. J. Bhabha and G. Coll, 1st edn, Federal Publications, Washington DC, 1992), p. 21
33. B. Jackman, ‘Well-Founded Fear of Persecution and Other Standards of Decision-Making:ANorth American Perspective’, in AsylumLawand Practice in Europe and North America: A Comparative Analysis (ed. J. Bhabha and G. Coll, 1st edn, Federal Publications, Washington DC, 1992), p. 37
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35. T.Spijkerboer, Women and Refugee Status, above n. 26, 47–53
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37. UNHCR, ‘2000 Position Paper on Gender-Related Persecution’, above n. 9, p. 7.
38. G. S. Goodwin-Gill, The Refugee in International Law (2nd edn, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996) p. 49
39. A. Grahl-Madsen, The Status of Refugees in International Law, (A.W. Sijthoff, Leyden, 1966), vol. I, p. 220
40. Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Guidelines on Gender Issues for Decision- Makers, July1996(Australia), para.4.25, reproducedinInternational Journal of RefugeeLaw, special issue, 1997, 195 and 210
41. T.Spijkerboer, Women and Refugee Status, above n. 26, p. 58.
42. T.Spijkerboer, Women and Refugee Status, above n. 26, p. 46
43. H.Crawley, Refugees and Gender, above n. 12, p. 69
44. G. Hinshelwood, ‘Interviewing Female Asylum Seekers’, International Journal ofRefugee Law, special issue, 1997, p. 159
45. W.Ka¨ lin, ‘Gender-Related Persecution’, in Switzerland and the International Protection of Refugees (ed. V. Chetail and V. Gowlland-Debbas, Kluwer, The Hague, 2002), p. 111.