메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 51-63

Weather modification - A scenario for the future

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUD SEEDING; HURRICANES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; NATURAL CONVECTION; RAIN; RAIN GAGES; REMOTE SENSING; SNOW; TORNADOES; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 1442337877     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-85-1-51     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 85039565370 scopus 로고
    • Zwei denkwürdige Hagelfälle in Georgien
    • Abich, H., 1869: Zwei denkwürdige Hagelfälle in Georgien. Z. Oesterr. Ges. Meteor., 4, 417-421.
    • (1869) Z. Oesterr. Ges. Meteor. , vol.4 , pp. 417-421
    • Abich, H.1
  • 2
    • 1442263284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy statement: Planned and inadvertent weather modification
    • adopted by the AMS Council 2 October 1998
    • AMS, 1998a: Policy statement: Planned and inadvertent weather modification (adopted by the AMS Council 2 October 1998). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2771-2772.
    • (1998) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.79 , pp. 2771-2772
  • 3
    • 0009716018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific background for the AMS Policy Statement on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, 1998
    • _, 1998b: Scientific background for the AMS Policy Statement on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, 1998. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2773-2778.
    • (1998) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.79 , pp. 2773-2778
  • 4
    • 1442312352 scopus 로고
    • The formation of small hail and snow pellets
    • Arenberg, D. L., 1941: The formation of small hail and snow pellets. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 22, 113-116.
    • (1941) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.22 , pp. 113-116
    • Arenberg, D.L.1
  • 7
    • 0035883233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ice crystal-graupel collision charging mechanism of thunderstorm electrification
    • _, and R. List, 2001: The ice crystal-graupel collision charging mechanism of thunderstorm electrification. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2751-2770.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 2751-2770
    • List, R.1
  • 8
    • 0033788940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating convective events using high-resolution mesoscale models
    • Bernardet, C. R., L. D. Grasso, J. E. Nachamkin, C. A. Finley, and W. R. Cotton, 2000: Simulating convective events using high-resolution mesoscale models. J. Geophys. Res., 105 (D11), 14 963-14 982.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.D11 , pp. 14963-14982
    • Bernardet, C.R.1    Grasso, L.D.2    Nachamkin, J.E.3    Finley, C.A.4    Cotton, W.R.5
  • 9
    • 0036647310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferences of predictability with warm season precipitation episodes
    • Carbone, R. E., J. D. Tuttle, D. A. Ahijevych, and S. B. Trier, 2002: Inferences of predictability with warm season precipitation episodes. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2033-2056.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 2033-2056
    • Carbone, R.E.1    Tuttle, J.D.2    Ahijevych, D.A.3    Trier, S.B.4
  • 10
    • 85039562852 scopus 로고
    • Cloud mean flow interactions and their implications for weather modification
    • Clermont-Ferrand, France, WMO
    • Cho, H.-R., and R. List, 1980: Cloud mean flow interactions and their implications for weather modification. Proc. Third WMO Scientific Conf. on Weather Modification, Vol. I, Clermont-Ferrand, France, WMO, 3-8.
    • (1980) Proc. Third WMO Scientific Conf. on Weather Modification , vol.1 , pp. 3-8
    • Cho, H.-R.1    List, R.2
  • 11
    • 0027843550 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of the heat and mass transfer parameters characterizing graupel growth
    • Cober, S. G., and R. List, 1993: Measurements of the heat and mass transfer parameters characterizing graupel growth. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1591-1609.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 1591-1609
    • Cober, S.G.1    List, R.2
  • 12
    • 0006644759 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical collision efficiencies for small cloud droplets in Stokes flow
    • Davies, M. H., and J. D. Sartor, 1967: Theoretical collision efficiencies for small cloud droplets in Stokes flow. Nature, 215, 1371-1372.
    • (1967) Nature , vol.215 , pp. 1371-1372
    • Davies, M.H.1    Sartor, J.D.2
  • 13
    • 1442312354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on "A critical assessment of glaceogenic seeding of convective clouds for rainfall enhancement"
    • Dennis, A., 2001: Comments on "A critical assessment of glaceogenic seeding of convective clouds for rainfall enhancement." Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 2848-2849.
    • (2001) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.82 , pp. 2848-2849
    • Dennis, A.1
  • 15
  • 17
    • 0006376702 scopus 로고
    • The Israeli rainfall stimulation experiment: Statistical evaluation for the period 1961-65
    • L. M. LeCam and J. Neyman, Eds., University of California Press
    • Gabriel, K. R., 1967: The Israeli rainfall stimulation experiment: Statistical evaluation for the period 1961-65. Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Vol. V, L. M. LeCam and J. Neyman, Eds., University of California Press, 91-113.
    • (1967) Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability , vol.5 , pp. 91-113
    • Gabriel, K.R.1
  • 18
    • 0032746437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ratio statistics for randomized experiments in precipitation simulation
    • _, 1999: Ratio statistics for randomized experiments in precipitation simulation. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 290-301.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.38 , pp. 290-301
  • 19
    • 0036574515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confidence regions and pooling - Some statistics for weather experimentation
    • _, 2002: Confidence regions and pooling - Some statistics for weather experimentation. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 505-518.
    • (2002) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.41 , pp. 505-518
  • 20
    • 0025682304 scopus 로고
    • The second Israeli rainfall stimulation experiment: Analysis of precipitation on both targets
    • _, and D. Rosenfeld, 1990: The second Israeli rainfall stimulation experiment: Analysis of precipitation on both targets. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 1055-1067.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.29 , pp. 1055-1067
    • Rosenfeld, D.1
  • 21
    • 1442263240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on "A critical assessment of glaceogenic seeding of convective clouds for rainfall enhancement"
    • Hobbs, P. V., 2001: Comments on "A critical assessment of glaceogenic seeding of convective clouds for rainfall enhancement." Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 2845-2846.
    • (2001) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.82 , pp. 2845-2846
    • Hobbs, P.V.1
  • 22
    • 85039577339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Address before the 18th General Assembly of the United Nations
    • Kennedy, J. F., cited 2003: Address before the 18th General Assembly of the United Nations. [Available online at http://www.jfklibrary.org/j092063.htm.]
    • (2003)
    • Kennedy, J.F.1
  • 23
    • 0002884359 scopus 로고
    • On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in Atmospheric Circulations
    • Kessler, E., 1969: On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in Atmospheric Circulations. Meteor. Monogr., Amer. Meteor. Soc., No. 32, 84 pp.
    • (1969) Meteor. Monogr., Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.32 , pp. 84
    • Kessler, E.1
  • 26
    • 1442312301 scopus 로고
    • Physical methods and instruments for characterizing hailstones
    • List, R., 1961: Physical methods and instruments for characterizing hailstones. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 42, 452-466.
    • (1961) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.42 , pp. 452-466
    • List, R.1
  • 27
    • 1442263277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criteria for assessing rain enhancement
    • Preprints, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • _, 2001: Criteria for assessing rain enhancement. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 3.
    • (2001) 15th Conf. on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification , pp. 3
  • 28
    • 0345325506 scopus 로고
    • The wakes of freely falling water drops
    • _, and M. J. Hand, 1971: The wakes of freely falling water drops. Phys. Fluids, 14, 1648-1655.
    • (1971) Phys. Fluids , vol.14 , pp. 1648-1655
    • Hand, M.J.1
  • 29
    • 0032698014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rain enhancement experiment in Puglia, Italy: Statistical evaluation
    • _, K. R. Gabriel, B. A. Silverman, Z. Levin, and T. Karakostas, 1999: The rain enhancement experiment in Puglia, Italy: Statistical evaluation. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 281-289.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.38 , pp. 281-289
    • Gabriel, K.R.1    Silverman, B.A.2    Levin, Z.3    Karakostas, T.4
  • 30
    • 0020336093 scopus 로고
    • Collision, coalescence and breakup of raindrops. Part I: Experimentally established coalescence efficiency and fragment size distributions in breakup
    • Low, T. B., and R. List, 1982a: Collision, coalescence and breakup of raindrops. Part I: Experimentally established coalescence efficiency and fragment size distributions in breakup. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1591-1606.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 1591-1606
    • Low, T.B.1    List, R.2
  • 31
    • 0020451767 scopus 로고
    • Collision, coalescence and breakup of raindrops. Part II: Parameterization of fragment distributions
    • _, and _, 1982b: Collision, coalescence and breakup of raindrops. Part II: Parameterization of fragment distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1607-1618.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 1607-1618
  • 33
    • 0001256212 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of raindrops with size
    • Marshall, J. S., and W. M. Palmer, 1948: The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteor., 5, 165-166.
    • (1948) J. Meteor. , vol.5 , pp. 165-166
    • Marshall, J.S.1    Palmer, W.M.2
  • 34
    • 0031398565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of the South African cloud-seeding experiments using hygroscopic flares
    • Mather, G. K., D. E. Terblanche, F. E. Steffens, and L. Fletcher, 1997: Results of the South African cloud-seeding experiments using hygroscopic flares. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 1433-1447.
    • (1997) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.36 , pp. 1433-1447
    • Mather, G.K.1    Terblanche, D.E.2    Steffens, F.E.3    Fletcher, L.4
  • 35
    • 85039587323 scopus 로고
    • Physical investigations on the growth of snow crystals. vol. 3, Physics, Hokkaido University, 87-118 + 14 plates
    • Nakaya, U., M. Hanajima, and J. Muguruma, 1958: Physical investigations on the growth of snow crystals. vol. 3, Physics, Journal of the Faculty of Science, no. II, Hokkaido University, 87-118 + 14 plates.
    • (1958) Journal of the Faculty of Science , vol.2
    • Nakaya, U.1    Hanajima, M.2    Muguruma, J.3
  • 36
    • 0342465746 scopus 로고
    • Computations of the growth of cloud drops by condensation using an electronic digital computer
    • Amer. Geophys. Union
    • Neiburger, M., and C. W. Chen, 1960: Computations of the growth of cloud drops by condensation using an electronic digital computer. Physics of Precipitation, Geophys. Monogr., Amer. Geophys. Union, No. 5, 191-209.
    • (1960) Physics of Precipitation, Geophys. Monogr. , vol.5 , pp. 191-209
    • Neiburger, M.1    Chen, C.W.2
  • 39
    • 0030422816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeding of convective clouds with ice nuclei or hygroscopic particles: A numerical study using a model with detailed microphysics
    • Reisin, T., S. Tzivion, and Z. Levin, 1996: Seeding of convective clouds with ice nuclei or hygroscopic particles: A numerical study using a model with detailed microphysics. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 1416-1434.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.35 , pp. 1416-1434
    • Reisin, T.1    Tzivion, S.2    Levin, Z.3
  • 40
    • 30044443160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global view of inadvertent cloud seeding: Precipitation suppression by air pollution and restoration by natural hygroscopic seeding
    • Casablanca, Morocco, WMO, WMP Rep. 39
    • Rosenfeld, D., 2003: A global view of inadvertent cloud seeding: Precipitation suppression by air pollution and restoration by natural hygroscopic seeding. Proc. Eighth WMO Scientific Conf. on Weather Modification, Casablanca, Morocco, WMO, WMP Rep. 39, 111-116.
    • (2003) Proc. Eighth WMO Scientific Conf. on Weather Modification , pp. 111-116
    • Rosenfeld, D.1
  • 42
    • 0343955358 scopus 로고
    • Study of the formation of precipitation by the aggregation of snow particles and the accretion of cloud droplets on snow flakes
    • Sasyo, Y., 1971: Study of the formation of precipitation by the aggregation of snow particles and the accretion of cloud droplets on snow flakes. Pap. Meteor. Geophys., 22, 69-142.
    • (1971) Pap. Meteor. Geophys. , vol.22 , pp. 69-142
    • Sasyo, Y.1
  • 43
    • 0028551882 scopus 로고
    • Thunderstorm electrification laboratory experiments and charging mechanisms
    • Saunders, C. P. R., 1994: Thunderstorm electrification laboratory experiments and charging mechanisms. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10 773-10 779.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 10773-10779
    • Saunders, C.P.R.1
  • 44
    • 85039587494 scopus 로고
    • Project Cirrus, Part 1, Laboratory, field, and flight experiments. Contract DA36-039-SC-15345, Rep. RL-785, General Electric Research Laboratories, Schenectady, NY
    • Schaefer, V. J., 1953. Final report, Project Cirrus, Part 1, Laboratory, field, and flight experiments. Contract DA36-039-SC-15345, Rep. RL-785, General Electric Research Laboratories, Schenectady, NY, 170 pp.
    • (1953) Final Report , pp. 170
    • Schaefer, V.J.1
  • 45
    • 0001419621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical assessment of glaceogenic seeding of convective clouds for rainfall enhancement
    • Silverman, B. A., 2001a: A critical assessment of glaceogenic seeding of convective clouds for rainfall enhancement. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 903-921.
    • (2001) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.82 , pp. 903-921
    • Silverman, B.A.1
  • 49
    • 0000824734 scopus 로고
    • Riming electrification as a charge generation mechanism in thunderstorms
    • Takahashi, To, 1978: Riming electrification as a charge generation mechanism in thunderstorms. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1536-1548.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 1536-1548
    • Takahashi, T.1
  • 50
    • 0032717722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution measurement of a hail region by vertically pointing Doppler radar
    • Thomson, A. D., and R. List, 1999: High-resolution measurement of a hail region by vertically pointing Doppler radar. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2132-2151.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 2132-2151
    • Thomson, A.D.1    List, R.2
  • 52
    • 84858530045 scopus 로고
    • WMO statement: Present state of knowledge and possible practical benefits in some fields of weather modification
    • Boulder, CO, WMO No. 443
    • _, 1976: WMO statement: Present state of knowledge and possible practical benefits in some fields of weather modification. Proc. Second WMO Scientific Conf. on Weather Modification, Boulder, CO, WMO No. 443, xv-xvi.
    • (1976) Proc. Second WMO Scientific Conf. on Weather Modification
  • 53
    • 1442287776 scopus 로고
    • Expert meeting to review the present status of hail suppression
    • _, 1995: Expert meeting to review the present status of hail suppression. WMO TD No. 764.
    • (1995) WMO TD No. 764 , vol.764
  • 54
    • 85039588546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for advice and assistance related to the planning of weather modification activities
    • Geneva, Switzerland
    • _, 2001a: Guidelines for advice and assistance related to the planning of weather modification activities. Executive Council Meeting LIII, Geneva, Switzerland, 2 pp.
    • (2001) Executive Council Meeting , vol.53 , pp. 2
  • 55
    • 84858530935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement on the art of weather modification
    • Geneva, Switzerland
    • _, 2001b: Statement on the art of weather modification. Executive Council Meeting LIII, Geneva, Switzerland, 7 pp.
    • (2001) Executive Council Meeting , vol.53 , pp. 7
  • 56
    • 0006358358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical evaluation of seeding with hygroscopic flares: Sensitivity to seeding time, seeding height, seeding amounts, size of particles and environmental shear
    • Chiang Mai, Thailand, WMO Rep. No. 31
    • Yin, Y., Z. Levin, T. G. Reisin, and S. Tzivion, 1999: A numerical evaluation of seeding with hygroscopic flares: Sensitivity to seeding time, seeding height, seeding amounts, size of particles and environmental shear. Proc. Seventh WMO Scientific Conf. on Weather Modification, Chiang Mai, Thailand, WMO Rep. No. 31, 69-72.
    • (1999) Proc. Seventh WMO Scientific Conf. on Weather Modification , pp. 69-72
    • Yin, Y.1    Levin, Z.2    Reisin, T.G.3    Tzivion, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.