The servant's labour: The business of life, England, 1760-1820

Social History

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-29

  Steedman, Carolyn ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DOMESTIC WORK; ECONOMIC HISTORY; OCCUPATION; TAX SYSTEM;

ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 1442312889     PISSN: 03071022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0307102032000163723     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. J. Locke, Two Treatises of Government (originally published 1690; Cambridge, 1970), 288-9.
2. J. Tully, A Discourse on Property. John Locke and his Adversaries (Cambridge, 1980), 116-24;
3. R. J. Steinfeld, The Invention of Free Labour. The Employment Relation in English and American Law and Culture, 1350-1870 (Chapel Hill and London, 1991), 78-81.
4. W. Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England. In Four Books (originally published 1765; 6th edn, Dublin, 1775), Book 1, 422.
5. J. B. Bird, Laws Respecting Masters and Servants, Articled Clerks, Apprentices, Manufacturers, Labourers and Journeymen (3rd edn, London, 1799), 6.
6. D. Kilner, Life and Perambulations of a Mouse (London, 1783), 31.
7. E. Heckendorn Cook, Epistolary Bodies. Gender and Genre in the Eighteenth-Century Republic of Letters (Stanford, CA, 1991), 162-3.
8. C. Steedman, 'Servants, and their relationship to the unconscious', Journal of British Studies, XLII (July 2003), 316-50.
9. Bruce Robbins, The Servant's Hand. English Fiction from Below (originally published 1986; Durham and London, 1993), 20-2 and passim.
10. C. B. MacPherson, 'Servants and labourers in seventeenth-century England' in Democratic Theory. Essays in Retrieval (Oxford, 1973), 207-33.
11. A. Smith, The Wealth of Nations. Books I-III (originally published 1776; London, 1986), 430.
12. R. Biernacki, The Fabrication of Labour. Germany and Britain, 1640-1914 (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1995), 12, 59.
13. H. Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capitalism. The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century (New York and London, 1974), 54, 59-83.
14. 'Wage labour and capital', Neue Rheinische Zeitung, V-VIII (April 1849);
15. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Selected Works. In Two Volumes (Moscow, 1962), 79-105.
16. K. Marx, Capital, Volume 1 (originally published 1867; Harmondsworth, 1976), 128-31.
17. E. K. Hunt, 'Marx's theory of property and alienation' in A. Parel and T. Flanagan (eds), Theories of Property. Aristotle to the Present (Waterloo, Ontario, 1979), 283-315; 298.
18. C. Steedman, 'Lord Mansfield's women', Past and Present, CLXXVI (August 2002), 105-43.
19. Anon., A Present for servant, from their Ministers, Masters or Other Friends (10th edn, London, 1787), 14-15;
20. W. Kennedy, English Taxation, 1640-1799. An Essay on Policy and Opinion (London, 1913), 4
21. J. Brewer, The Sinews of Power, War, Money and the English State, 1688-1783 (London, 1789), xvii-xix.
22. M. Daunton, Trusting Leviathan. The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1799-1914 (Cambridge, 2001), 32-57.
23. W. R. Ward, The English Land Tax in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1953), 80-2.
24. J. Smee, A Complete Collection of Abstracts of Acts of Parliament and Cases with Opinions sought of the Judges upon the following Taxes, viz. Upon Houses, Windows, Servants, Horses, Carriages and Dogs; the Duties upon Hair-powder Certificates ..., 2 vols (London, 1797), vol 1, 274-302.
25. J. V. Beckett, 'Land tax or excise: the levying of taxation in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England' English Historical Review, C (1985), 285-308.
26. E. Baigent, 'Assessed taxes as sources for a study of urban wealth', Urban History Year Book, VII (1988), 31-48; 39.
27. W. Holdsworth, A History of English Law, vol. 10 (London, 1938), 160.
28. D. Lieberman, The province of Legislation Determined. Legal Theory in Eighteenth Century Britain (Cambridge, 1989), 13.
29. R. Burn, The Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer. Fourteenth Edition. In Four Volumes (London, 1780), vol. 1, 66-170.
30. T. W. Williams, The Practice of the Commissioners, Surveyors, Collectors and Other Officers, under the Authority of the several Acts relating to the Assessed Taxes (London, 1804), 31-8.
31. Hansard's Parliamentary History, News Series (London, 1823), vol. VIII, 603-9.
32. L. Schwarz, 'English servants and their employers during the eighteenth and nineteenth-centuries', Economic History Review LII (1999), 236-56.
33. K. Snells, Annals of the Labouring Poor. Social Change and Agrarian England, 1660-1900 (Cambridge, 1985), 67-137.
34. D. Landry, The Muses of Resistance. Labouring-Class Women's Poetry in Britain, 1739-1796 (Cambridge, 1990), 59.
35. F. Griffin Stoke (ed.), The Blecheley Diary of the Rev. William Cole, MA, FSA, 1765-67 (London, 1931), 168, 176, 179.
36. L. Pickard, Dr Johnson's London. Life in London, 1740-1770 (London, 2000), 118-19.
37. P. Glanville and H. Young (eds), Elegant Eating. Four Hundred Years of Dining in Style (London, 2002), 54-9.
38. S. Richardson, Pamela, or, Virtue Rewarded (originally published 1740; Harmondsworth, 1980), 109.
39. M. Hardy, Mary Hardy's Diary. With an Introduction by B. Cozent Hardy (Norfolk Record Society, vol. 37, 1968), 5, 31, 45, 73, 78.
40. B. Hill, Servants. English Domestics in the Eighteenth Century (Oxford, 1996), 22-3, 26, 32-3.
41. P. Earle, A City Fill of People: Men and Women of London, 1650-1750 (London, 1994), 83.
42. P. Laslett and R. Wall (eds), Household and Family in Past Time. Comparative Studies in the Significance and Structure of the Domestic Group over the Last Three Centuries (Cambridge, 1972), 151.
43. E. A. Bloom and L. D. Bloom (eds), The Piozzi Letters. Correspondence of Hester Lynch Piozzi, 1784-1821. Volume 1, 1784-1791 (London and Toronto, 1989), 65.
44. C. Davidson, A Woman's Work Is Never Done. A History of Housework in the British Isles, 1650-1950 (London, 1982), 180-1.
45. S. Trimmer, The Servant's Friend, an Exemplary Tale; Designed to Enforce the Religious Instructions given at Sunday and other Charity Schools, by Pointing Out the Practical Application of Them in a State of Servitude (2nd edn, London, 1787), 42, 48-9.
46. K. Thomson, Constance. A Novel. In Three Volumes (London, 1833), vol. 1, 283-4.
47. R. Burn, The Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer (15th edn, 4 vols, London, 1785), Vol 1, 128-31.
48. J. Smee, A Complete Collection of Acts of Parliament and Cases with opinions of the Judges upon the following Taxes, viz. Upon Windows, Servants, Horses, Carriages and Dogs; the Duties upon Hair-powder Certificates ..., 2 vols (London, 1797).
49. J. Hoppit, Risk and Failure in English Business, 1700-1800 (Cambridge, 1987), 24.
50. I. P. H. Duffy, 'Bankruptcy and Insolvency in London in the late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries', (D. Phil., Oxford, 1974), 23.
51. D. Hay, 'The state and the market in 1800: Lord Kenyon and Mr Waddington', Past and Present, CLXI (February 1999), 101-62.
52. J. Waldron, '"The Turfs My Servant Has Cut"', Locke Newsletter, XIII (Autumn 1982), 1-20; 10.
53. W. Wordsworth, 'To the same flower' (1802, 1807) in P. D. Sheets (ed.), The Poetical Works of Wordsworth (Boston, 1982), 29.
54. M. Cranston, John Locke. A Biography (London, 1957), 184-213;
55. V. Chappell (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Locke (Cambridge, 1999), 14-15.