Form, performance and trade-offs in swimming and stability of armed larvae

Journal of Marine Research

Volumn 61, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 659-691

  Grünbaum, Daniel ^a   Strathmann, Richard R ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LARVA; PLANKTON; SWIMMING BEHAVIOR; TRADE-OFF;

EID: 1442265036     PISSN: 00222402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1357/002224003771815990     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Batchelor, G. K. 1983. An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 635 pp.
2. Blake, J. R. and A. T. Chwang. 1974. Fundamental singularities of viscous flow. J. Engr. Math., 8, 23-29.
3. Boidron-Metairon, I. F. 1988. Morphological plasticity in laboratory-reared echinoplutei of Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz) and Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) in response to food conditions. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 119, 31-41.
4. Byrne, M. and P. Selvakumaraswamy. 2002. Phylum Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea, in Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, C. M. Young, ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 483-498.
5. Chwang, A. T. and T. Y. Wu. 1975. Hydromechanics of low-Reynolds-number flow. Part 2. Singularity method for Stokes flows. J. Fluid Mech., 67, 787-815.
6. Eckert, G. L. 1998. Larval development, growth and morphology of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum. Bull. Mar. Sci., 63, 443-451.
7. Eckman, J. E. 1990. A model of passive settlement by planktonic larvae onto bottoms of differing roughness. Limnol. Oceanogr., 35, 887-901.
8. Emlet, R. B. 1983. Locomotion, drag, and the rigid skeleton of larval echinoderms. Biol. Bull.. 164, 433-445.
9. Emlet, R. B. 1991. Functional constraints on the evolution of larval forms of marine invertebrates: experimental and comparative evidence. Am. Zool., 31, 707-725.
10. Emlet, R. B. 1994. Body form and patterns of ciliation in nonfeeding larvae of echinoderms: functional solutions to swimming in the plankton? Am. Zool., 34, 570-585.
11. Fiksen, 0., A. C. W. Utne, D. L. Aksnes, K. Eiane, J. V. Helvik and S. Sundby. 1998. Modelling the influence of light, turbulence and ontogeny on ingestion rates in larval cod and herring. Fish Ocean, 7, 335-363.
12. Forward, Jr, R. B. and R. A. Tankersley. 2001. Selective tidal-stream transport of marine animals. Oceangr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 39,305-353.
13. Franks, P. J. S. 2001. Turbulence avoidance: An alternate explanation of turbulence-enhanced ingestion rates in the field. Limnol. Occanogr., 46, 959-963.
14. Grunbaum, D. 1998. A model of feeding currents in encrusting bryozoans shows interference between zooids within a colony. J. Theor. Biol., 174, 409-425.
15. Hancock, G. J. 1953. The self-propulsion of microscopic organisms through liquids. Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 217, 447-461.
16. Hart, M. W. 1996. Variation in suspension feeding rates among larvae of some temperate, Eastern Pacific echinoderms. Invert. Biol., 115, 30-45.
17. Hart, M. W. and R. R. Strathmann. 1994. Functional consequences of phenotypic plasticity in echinoid larvae. Biol. Bull., 186, 291-299.
18. Hendler, G. 1991. Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea, in Echinoderms and Lophophorates, Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, VI, A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse, and V. B. Pearse, eds., Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA, 355-511.
19. Hibbeler, R. C. 1978. Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 590 pp.
20. Jiang, H. H., C. Meneveau and T. R. Osbom. 2002a. The flow field around a freely swimming copepod in steady motion. part II: Numerical simulation. J. Plank. Res., 24, 191-213.
21. Jiang, H. H., T. R. Osborn and C. Meneveau. 2002b. Chemoreception and the deformation of the active space in freely swimming copepods: a numerical study. J. Plank. Res., 24, 495-510.
22. Kelman, D. and R. B. Emlet. 1999. Swimming and buoyancy in ontogenetic stages of the cushion star Pteraster tesselatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) and their implications for distribution and movement. Biol. Bull., 197, 309-314.
23. Lee, H. 1983. Functional differences in feeding and swimming activities correlated with ciliation patterns of pluteus larvae. Am. Zool., 23, 987.
24. Lewis, D. M. and T. J. Pedley. 2000. Planktonic contact rates in homogeneous isotropic turbulence: Theoretical predictions and kinematic simulations. J. Theor. Biol., 205, 377-408,
25. MacKenzie, B. M. and T. Kiorboe. 2000. Larval fish feeding and turbulence: A case for the downside. Limmol. Oceanogr., 45, 1-10.
26. McEdward, L. 1984. Morphometric analysis of the growth and form of an echinopluteus. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 82, 259-287.
27. Mladenov, P. V. 1979. Unusual lecithotrophic development of the Caribbean brittle star Ophiothrix oerstedi. Mar. Biol., 55, 55-62.
28. Mladenov, P. V. 1985. Development and metamorphosis of the brittle star Ophiocoma pumila: evolutionary and ecological implications. Biol. Bull., 168, 285-295.
29. Mogami, Y., J. Ishii and S. A. Baba. 2001. Theoretical and experimental dissection of gravity dependent mechanical orientation in gravitactic microorganisms. Biol. Bull., 201, 26-33.
30. Mortensen. T. 1921. Studies on the development and larval forms of echinoderms. G. E. C. Gad, Copenhagen.
31. Mortensen, T. 1927a. Die Echinodermen-Larven. Nordisches Plankton, 5, 1-30.
32. Mortensen, T. 1927b. Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, London.
33. Mortensen, T. 1931. Contributions to the study of the development and larval forms of echinoderms. I-Il. D. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, Naturv. og Math. Series 9, 4, 1-39.
34. Mortensen, T. 1937. Contributions to the study of the development and larval forms of echinodemas. 111. D. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, Naturv. og Math. Series 9, 7, 1-65.
35. Mortensen, T. 1938. Contributions to the study of the development and larval forms of echinoderms. IV. D. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, Naturv. og Math. Series 9, 7, 1-59.
36. Muller, J. 1851. Uber die Ophiurenlarven des Adriatischen Meeres. Abhandl. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin.
37. Pennington, J. T. and R. B. Entlet. 1986. Ontogenetic and diel vertical migration of a planktonic echinoid larva, Dendraster excentricus (Escholtz): occurrence, causes, and probable consequences. J. Esp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 104, 69-95.
38. Pennington, J. T. and R. R. Strathmann. 1990. Consequences of the calcite skeletons of planktonic echinoderm larvae for orientation, swimming, and shape. Biol. Bull., 170, 121-133.
39. Pozrikidis, C. 1992. Boundary Integral and Singularity Methods for Linearized Viscous Flow. Cambridge Univ. Press, NY. 271 pp.
40. Rothschild, B. J. and T. R. Osborn. 1988. Small-scale turbulence and plankton contact rates. J. Plank. Ecol., 10, 465-474.
41. Smith, A. B., G. L. J. Patterson and B. Lafay. 1995. Ophiuroid phylogeny and higher taxonomy: morphological and paleontological perspectives. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 114, 213-243.
42. Staver, J. M. and R. R. Strathmann. 2002. Evolution of fast development of planktonic embryos to early swimming. Biol. Bull., 203,58-69.
43. Strathmann, R. R. 1971. The feeding behavior of planktotrophic echinoderm larvae: mechanisms. regulation, and rates of suspension feeding. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 6, 109-160.
44. Strathmann, R. R. 1975, Larval feeding in echinodermes. Am. Zool., 15, 717-730.
45. Strathmann, R. R., L. Fenaux and M. F. Strathmann. 1992. Heterochronic developmental plasticity in larval sea urchins and its implications for evolution of non-feeding larvae. Evolution. 46, 972-986.
46. Sundby, S. 1997. Turbulence and ichthyoplankton: Influence on vertical distributions and encounter rates. Scientia Marina, 61, 159-176.
47. Thorson, G. 1934. On the reproduction and larval stages of the brittle-stars Ophiocten sericeum (Forbes) and Ophiura robusta (Ayres) in East Greenland. Medd. Groenland, 100, 1-21.
48. Villinski, J. T., J. C. Villinski, M. Byrne, and R. A. Raff. 2002. Convergent matemal provisioning and life-history evolution in echinoderms. Evolution, 65, 1764-1775.
49. Visser, A. W., H. Saito, E. Saiz and T. Kiorboe. 2001. Observations of copepod feeding and vertical distribution under natural turbulent conditions in the north sea. Mar. Biol., 135, 1011-1019.
50. Wray, G. A. 1995. Evolution of larvae and developmental modes, in Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, L. McEdward, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 413-447.
51. Yamazaki, H., D. Makas and K. Denman. 2002. Coupling small scale physical processes to biology: towards a Lagrangian approach, in The Sea: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Ocean, 12, A. Robinson, J. McCarthy, and B. Rothschild, eds., John Wiley and Sons, NY, 51-112.
52. Young, C. M. 1995. Behavior and locomotion during the dispersal phase of larval life, in Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae. L. McEdward, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 249-277.
53. Young, C. M. 2002. Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 630 pp.