Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in beef cows in southern Ontario and in beef calves in southern British Columbia

Canadian Veterinary Journal

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 47-55

  McAllister, Tim A ^a   Olson, Merle E ^b   Fletch, Andy ^c   Wetzstein, Merv ^d   Entz, Toby ^a  

^a LETHBRIDGE RESEARCH CENTRE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d ANIMAL HEALTH CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER; SURFACE WATER;

ARTICLE; BEEF CATTLE; BREEDING; CANADA; CATTLE DISEASE; CATTLE FARMING; CONTROLLED STUDY; COW; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM MURIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; DIARRHEA; FECES ANALYSIS; GIARDIA; MICROORGANISM DETECTION; NONHUMAN; PREVALENCE; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATERSHED;

ANIMALS; BRITISH COLUMBIA; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASES; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; GIARDIA; GIARDIASIS; MALE; ONTARIO; PREVALENCE;

BOS TAURUS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM MURIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; GIARDIA;

EID: 14144254796     PISSN: 00085286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Olson ME, Guselle NJ, O'Handley RM, et al. Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in British Columbia. Can Vet J 1997;38:703-706.
2. Xiao LH, Herd RP, Rings DM. Concurrent infections of Giardia and Cryptosporidium on two Ohio farms with calf diarrhea. Vet Parasitol 1993;51:41-48.
3. O'Donoghue PJ. Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis in man and animals. Int J Parasitol 1995;25:139-155.
4. Erlandsen SL. Biotic transmission - Is giardiasis a zoonosis? In: Thompson RCA, Reynoldson JA, Lymbery AJ, eds. Giardia: From Molecules to Disease. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ Pr, 1994:83-97.
5. Olson ME, McAllister TA, Deselliers L, et al. Effects of giardiasis on production in a domestic ruminant (lamb) model. Am J Vet Res 1995;56:1470-1474.
6. Ralston BJ, Cockwill CL, Guselle NJ, Van Herk FH, McAllister TA, Olson ME. Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium andersoni and their effects on performance in feedlot beef cattle. Can J Anim Sci 2003;83:153-159.
7. Fayer R, Speer C, Dubey J. The general biology of Cryptosporidium. In: Fayer R, ed. Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis. Boca Raton: CRC Pr, 1997:1-41.
8. Olson ME, Ralston BJ, O'Handley R, Guselle NJ, Applebee AJ. What is the clinical and zoonotic significance of Cryptosporidiosis in domestic animals and wildlife. In: Thompson RCA, Armson A, Ryan UM, eds. Cryptosporidium: From Molecules to Disease. Elsevier Sci, 2004 (In press).
9. Majewska, AC. Successful experimental infections of a human volunteer and Mongolian gerbils with Giardia of animal origin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993;88:360-362.
10. Reif, JS, Wimmer L, Smith JA, Dargatz DA, Cheney JM. Human cryptosporidiosis associated with an epizootic in calves. Am J Public Health 1989;79:1528-1530.
11. Egger M, Nguyen XM, Schaad UB, Krech T. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis acquired from a cat. Infection 1990; 18:177-188.
12. Gradus MS. Water quality and waterborne protozoa. Clin Microbiol News 1989;11:121-125.
13. LeChevallier MW, Norton WD, Lee RG. Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies. Appl Environ Microbiol 1991;57:2610-2616.
14. Ong C, Moorehead W, Ross A, Isaac-Renton J. Studies of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in two adjacent watersheds. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996;62:2798-2805.
15. Garber LP, Salman MD, Hurd HS, Keefe T, Schlater JL. Potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994;205:86-91.
16. Ruest N, Faubert GM, Couture Y. Prevalence and geographical distribution of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy farms in Quebec. Can Vet J 1998;39:697-700.
17. O'Handley RM, Olson ME, McAllister TA, et al. Efficacy of fenbendazole for treatment of giardiasis in calves. Am J Vet Res 1997;58:384-388.
18. Mann ED, Sekla LH, Nayer GPS, Koschik C. Infection with Cryptosporidium spp. in humans and cattle in Manitoba. Can J Vet Res 1986;50:174-178.
19. Xiao L, Herd RP, McClure KE. Periparturient rise in the excretion of Giardia sp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts as a source of infection for lambs. J Parasitol 1994;80:55-59.
20. Ralston BJ, McAllister TA, Olson ME. Prevalence and infection pattern of naturally acquired giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in range beef calves and their dams. Vet Parasitol 2003;114: 113-122.
21. Olfert EE, Cross BM, McWilliams AA, eds. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals. 2nd ed. vol. 1. Ottawa, Ontario: Can Council Anim Care, 1994.
22. Olson ME, Thorlakson CL, Deselliers L, Morck DW, McAllister TA. Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Canadian farm animals. Vet Parasitol 1997;68:375-381.
23. Xiao L, Herd RP. Infection patterns of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in calves. Vet Parasitol 1994;55:257-262.
24. McDonough SP, Stull CL, Osburn BI. Enteric pathogens in intensively reared veal calves. Am J Vet Res 1994;55:1516-1520.
25. Francis DH, Remmers GA, DeZeeuw PS. Production of K88, K99 and 987P antigens by Escherichia coli culture on synthetic and complex media. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 15:181-183.
26. Mullaney CD, Francis DH, Willgohs JA. Comparison of seroaggultination, ELISA and indirect fluorescent antibody staining detection of K99, K88 and 987P pilus antigens of Escherichia coli. J Vet Diagn Invest 1991;3:115-119.
27. Jang SS, Biberstein EL, Hirsh DC. A Diagnostic Manual of Veterinary and Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology. Davis, California: Univ California Pr, 1992:51-60.
28. Atlas, RM. Handbook of Microbiological Media, 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Pr 1996:243-244.
29. Skirrow MB, Benjamin J. Campylobacters: cultural characteristics of intestinal campylobacters from man and animals. J Hyg Camb 1980;85:427-442.
30. Isenberg H. Direct specimen testing: viral and chlamydial infections. In: Isenberg H, ed. Essential Procedures for Clinical Microbiology. Washington, DC: ASM Pr, 1998:533-550.
31. Horwitz W, ed. Official Methods of Analysis, procedure 25. 126. Washington DC: Assoc Analytical Chemists, 1980:1018 pp.
32. Dunn JT, Crutchfield HE, Gutekunst R, Dunn AD. Two simple methods for measuring iodine in urine. Thyroid 1993;3:119-123.
33. Dennison DB, Kirk JR. Quantitative analysis of vitamin A in cereal products by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Food Prot 1979;42:1376-1384.
34. Statistical Analysis Systems. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 8. Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute. 1999.
35. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (homepage on the internet). Guelph, Queen's Printer for Ontario; c2004 [last updated June 15, 2004, cited July 5, 2004]. Statistical Tables, Livestock by Country, Cattle 1998 and Cattle 1999 [about 2 screens]. Available from http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/stats/livestock/index.html
36. Puls R. Mineral Levels in Animal Health: Diagnostic Data, 2nd ed. Clearbrook British Columbia: Sherpa Int, 1994.
37. Puls R. Vitamin Levels in Animal Health: Diagnostic Data and Bibliographies. Clearbrook, British Columbia: Sherpa Int, 1994.
38. Fuente R, Luzon M, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, et al. Cryptosporidium and concurrent infections with other major enteropathogens in 1- to 30-day-old diarrheic calves in central Spain. Vet Parasitol 1999;80:179-185.
39. Buret A, denHollander N, Wallis PM, Befus D, Olson ME. Zoonotic potential of giardiasis in domestic ruminants. J Infect Dis 1990; 162:231-237.
40. Atwill ER, Johnson EM, das Gracas M, Pereira C. Association of herd composition, stocking rate and duration of calving season with fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in beef herds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1833-1838.
41. Anderson BC. Abomasal cryptosporidiosis in cattle. Vet Pathol 1987;24:235-239.
42. Anderson BC. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum-like oocysts among cattle populations of the United States: preliminary report. J Protozool 1991;38:148-152.
43. Bukhari Z, Smith HV. Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in the faeces of adult dairy cattle in Scotland. Vet Rec 1996; 138:207-208.
44. Casemore DP, Wright SE, Coop RL. Cryptosporidiosis - human and animal epidemiology. In: Fayer R, ed. Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis. Boca Raton: CRC Pr 1997:65-92.
45. Atwill ER, Johnson EM, Klingborg DJ. Age, geographic, and temporal distribution of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in cow-calf herds. Am J Vet Res 1999;60:420-425.
46. Atwill ER, Harp JA, Jones T, Jardon PW, Checel S, Zylstra M. Evaluation of periparturient dairy cows and contact surfaces as a reservoir of Cryptosporidium parvum for calfhood infection. Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1116-1121.
47. Fayer R, Nerad T. Effects of low temperature on viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996;62:1431-1433.
48. Olson ME, Goh J, Phillips M, Guselle N, McAllister TA. Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst survival in water, soil and cattle feces. J Environ Qual 1999;28:1991-1996.
49. Rose JB, John JT, LeChevallier M. Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis: incidence, outbreaks and treatment strategies. In: Fayer R, ed. Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis. Boca Raton: CRC Pr 1997:93-109.
50. Jarroll EL, Bingham AK, Meyer EA. Giardia cyst destruction: effectiveness of six small-quantity water disinfection methods. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980;20:8-11.
51. O'Handley RM, Cockwill C, Jelinski M, McAllister TA, Olson ME. Effects of repeat fenbendazole treatment in dairy calves with giardiosis on cyst excretion, clinical signs and production. Vet Parasitol 1999;89:209-218.
52. Quigley JD, Martin KR, Bemis DA, et al. Effects of housing and colostrum feeding on the prevalence of selected infectious organisms in feces of Jersey calves. J Dairy Sci 1994;7:3124-3131.
53. Harp JA, Woodmansee DB, Moon HW. Effects of colostral antibody on susceptibility of calves to Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Am J Vet Res 1989;50:2117-2219.
54. Fayer R, Morgan U, Upton SJ. Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: transmission, detection and identification. Int J Parasitol 2000;30:1305-1322.
55. O'Handley RM, Olson ME, Fraser D, Adams P, Thompson RCA. Prevalence and genotypic characterisation of Giardia in dairy calves from Western Australia and Western Canada. Vet Parasitol 2000;90:193-200.
56. Appelbee AJ, Frederick LM, Heitman TL, Olson ME. Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from beef calves in Alberta, Canada. Vet Parasitol 2003;112:289-294.
57. Morgan-Ryan UM, Fall A, Ward LA, et al. Cryptosporidium hominis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from Homosapiens J Eukaryot Microbiol 2002;49:433-440.