Different locations of atherosclerosis - Different risk factors, different therapies?

Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis

Volumn 33, Issue 5-6, 2003, Pages 262-266

  Lowe, Gordon D O ^a,b  

^a GLASGOW ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Blood pressure; Cholesterol; Smoking; Thrombosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPYRIDAMOLE; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HEPARIN;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTERY DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG EFFICACY; EXERCISE; GENE MUTATION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; STROKE; THROMBOPHILIA; THROMBOSIS; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK;

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; HUMANS; RISK FACTORS; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 14044268052     PISSN: 14248832     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000083812     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (42)

1. Mitchell JRA, Schwarz CJ. Arterial disease. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. 1965.
2. Hertzer NR, Beven EG, Young JR, et al. Coronary artery disease in peripheral vascular patients - a classification of 1000 coronary angiograms and results of surgical management. Ann Surg 1984; 199: 223-233
3. Fowkes FGR, Housely E, Cawood EHH, et al. Edinburgh Artery Study; prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population. Int J Epidemiol 1991; 20: 384-392
4. Dieter RS, Tomasson J, Gusjonsson T, Brown RL, Vitcenda M, Einerson J, McBride PE. Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in hospitalised patients with coronary artery disease. Vasc Med 2003; 8: 233-236
5. Klop RBJ, Eikelboom BC, Taks ACJM. Screening of the internal carotid arteries in patients with peripheral vascular disease by colour-flow Duplex scanning. Eur J Vasc Surg 1991;5:41-5
6. Hankey GJ, Slattery JM, Warlow CP. Transient ischaemic attacks. Which patients are at high (and low) risk of serious vascular events? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1992;55:6540-6552
7. Warlow C. The epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease. In: Tooke JE, Lowe GDO (eds). A textbook of vascular medicine. London: Arnold, 1996;385-400
8. Lowe GDO, Rumley A, Tooke JE. Clinical pathophysiology of arterial disease. In: Tooke JE, Lowe GDO (eds). A textbook of vascular medicine. London: Arnold, 1996; 43-59
9. Gordon T, Kannel WB. Presposition to atherosclerosis in the head, heart and legs. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1972;221:661-666
10. Newman AB, Shemanski L, Manolio TA, et al. Ankle-arm index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:538-45
11. CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996;348:1329-1339
12. Coull AJ, Rothwell PM. What proportion of all acute vascular events in the population are cerebrovascular? Implications for funding of clinical services and research. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;17:21
13. Rothwell PM, Coull AJ, Giles MF, et al. Change in stroke incidence, mortality, case-fatality, severity, and risk factors in Oxfordshire, UK from 1981 to 2004 (Oxford Vascular study). Lancet 2004;363:1925-1933
14. Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness and treatment in primary care. JAMA 2001;286:1317-24
15. Pearson TA, Blair SN, Daniels SR, et al. AHA guidelines for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke: 2002 update. Consensus panel guide to comprehensive risk reduction for adult patients without coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Circulation 2002;106:388-391
16. Fowkes FGR. Epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease. In Tooke JE, Lowe GDO (eds). A textbook of vascular medicine. London: Arnold 1996;149-161
17. Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG, Beiser A, Levy D. Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease. Lancet 1999;353:89-92
18. Lawlor DA, Ebrahim S, Davey Smith G. Sex matters: secular and geographical trends in sex differences in coronary heart disease mortality. BMJ 2001;323:541-545
19. Gray LJ, Bath PMW. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on stroke risk, type and outcome: a systematic review of data from randomised controlled trials. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;17:18
20. Emberson JR, Whincup PH, Morris RW, Walker M. Re-assessing the contribution of serum total cholesterol, blood pressure and cigarette smoking to the aetiology of coronary heart disease: impact of regression dilution bias. Europ Heart J 2003;24:1719-1726
21. Dormandy JA, Ray S. The natural history of peripheral arterial disease. In Tooke JE, Lowe GDO (eds). A textbook of vascular medicine. London: Arnold 1996;162-175
22. Burns P, Gough S, Bradbury AW. Management of peripheral arterial disease in primary care. BMJ 2003;326:584-588
23. Murray CJL, Lauer JA, Hutuberscy RCW, et al. Effectiveness and costs of interventions to lower systolic blood pressure: a global and regional analysis on reduction of cardiovascular risk. Lancet 2003;361:717-725
24. Wald NJ, Law MR. A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%. BMJ 2003;326:1419
25. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000;342:145-53
26. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC / BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22
27. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet 2004;363:757-767
28. Housley E. Exercise. In: Fowkes FGR (ed). Epidemiology of peripheral vascular disease. London: Springer-Verlag 1991;227-34
29. Wannamethee G, Shaper AG. Physical activity and stroke in British middle-aged men. BMJ 1992;304:597-601
30. Hill J. Physical activity and obesity. Lancet 2004;363:182
31. Lowe GDO, Danesh J, eds. Classical and emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Semin Vasc Med 2002;2:229-445
32. Homocysteine Studies Collaboration. Homocysteine and risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke. A meta-analysis. JAMA 2002;288:2015-2022
33. Klerk M, Verhoef P, Clarke R, Blom HJ, Kok FJ, Schouter EG and the MTHFR Studies Collaboration Group. MTHFR 677C-T polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease. A meta-analysis. JAMA 2002;288:2023-2031
34. Toole JF, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, Spence JD, Pettigre LC, Howard VJ, Sides EG, Wang C-H, Stamfer M. Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischaemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. JAMA 2004;291:565-575
35. Fibrinogen Studies Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of prospective observational studies of plasma fibrinogen and cardiovascular disease. Europ J Cardiovasc Prev Rehab 2004; 11:9-19
36. Smith FB, Lee AJ, Hau C, Fowkes FGR, Lowe GDO, Rumley A. Plasma fibrinogen, haemostatic factors and prediction of peripheral arterial disease in the Edinburgh Artery Study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolys 2000;11:43-50
37. Danesh J, Wheeler JG, Hirshfield GM, Eda S, Eiriksdottir G, Rumley A, Lowe GDO, Pepys MB, Gudnason V. C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease. New Engl J Med 2004;350:1387-1397
38. Kim RJ, Becker RC. Association between factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation G20120A, and MTHFR C677T mutations and events of the arterial circulatory system. A meta-analysis of published studied. Am Heart J 2003;146:948-957
39. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Prevention of death, myocardial infarction and stroke by antiplatelet therapy: collaborative meta-analysis of 266 trials involving 200000 patients at high risk of occlusive vascular death. Br Med J 2002;325:71-86
40. The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494-502
41. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJG, et al. Effects of pre-treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet 2001;358:527-533
42. ESPS-2 Group. European stroke prevention study. 2. Efficacy and safety data. J Neurol Sci 1997;151:S1-S77