Brain drain: Putting Africa between a rock and a hard place

Mediterranean Quarterly

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 37-56

  El Khawas, Mohamed A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DRAIN; IMMIGRATION POLICY; LABOR MARKET; LABOR MIGRATION; MIGRATION DETERMINANT;

AFRICA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 14044256474     PISSN: 10474552     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/10474552-15-4-37     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Charles Gathua, "Brain Drain in Sub-Saharan Africa," Beninda Solutions (September 2003): 1, available at www.africasbraingain.org;
2. David Johnson, "Africas Brain Drain Slows Development," Africana 2 March 2000, available at www.africana.com.
3. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Trends in International Migration: Annual Report (Paris: OECD, 2001),
4. Kuzvinetsa Peter Dzvimbo, "The International Migration of Skilled Human Capital from Developing Countries," a case study prepared for the "Regional Training Conference on Improving Tertiary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Things That Work!" Accra, Ghana, 23-5 September 2003, 1-6.
5. Paul Kithikii Musingila, "Brain Drain in Kenya (and Sub-Saharan Africa)," Beninda Solutions (September 2003), available at www.africasbraingain.org.
6. The African Development Bank Group, "Africa's Growth Dismal in 1998, Says Report," ADB Bulletin 2, no. 3 (1999): 74.
7. "Reversing Brain Drain Is Africa's Major Challenge," Arabic News.com., 23 February 2000, available at www.arabicnews.com.
8. Janette Bennett, "Combating Africa's Brain Drain," Careers, 14 December 2003, available at www.leadersunlimited.co.za/html.
9. Paul Kithikii Musingila, 4-5.
10. See Philip Ngunjiri, "Africa Continues to Suffer from a Brain Drain," Africana, 1 August 2001, available at www.africana.com.
11. See David Johnson, 2.
12. Maurice F. Strong, "Africa and the Global Environmental Agenda-The Way Forward," ADB Bulletin 11, no. 3 (1999): 12.
13. Paul Kithikii Musingila, 1.
14. See ibid.
15. See Steve Schifferes, "Rich Countries Woo Highly Skilled Migrants," BBC News (UK Edition), 24 March 2004.
16. UN Development Program, Human Development Report 1999 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 27.
17. Wisdom J. Tettey, "Africa's Brain Drain: Exploring Possibilities for Its Positive Utilization through Networked Communities," Mots Pluriels, no. 20 (2002): 5.
18. Steve Schifferes.
19. See Wisdom J. Tettey, 4.
20. Carla Power, "Out of the Shadows," Newsweek, 13 August 2001, 30.
21. Ibid., 28
22. Stefan Theil, "Idle by Law: Germany Made Itself a Haven to Refugees," Newsweek, 13 August 2001, 31.
23. Mario Cervantes and Dominique Guellee, "The Brain Drain: Old Myths, New Realities," OECD Observer, 7 May 2002, 1.
24. See Jessica M. Vaughan, "Some Lost Jobs Never Leave Home, Skilled Workers Flow in to Fill Them," Washington Post, 2 May 2004.
25. Charles Gathua, 2.
26. Philip Ngunjiri.
27. David Johnson, 2.
28. Wisdom J. Tettey, 4.
29. "Ghana to Sponsor Resolution on Brain Drain," Ghana Home Page, 31 March 2004, available at www.ghanaweb.com.
30. Kuzvinetsa Peter Dzvimbo, 2.
31. Gumisai Mutume, "Reversing Africa's Brain Drain," Zambia Daily Mail 23 July 2003.
32. Africa's Brain Drain Crisis," New Catholic Times, 15 December 2002.
33. "What Can Stop Africa's Brain Drain?" BBC News (World Edition), 19 March 2004.
34. Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo), "Chissano Speaks on African Brain Drain," 6 April 2004.
35. See Janette Bennett, 2.
36. UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), "Brain Drain to Brain Gain," UNESCO-Education Web, 2001, available at www.unesco.org.
37. Gumisai Mutume, "Reversing Africa's 'Brain Drain'; New Initiatives Tap Skills of African Expatriates," Africa Recovery 17, no. 2 (2003): 5.
38. Assouman Yao Honore, "Diasporas, Brain Drain and Return," African Societies, no. 2 (2002): 1, available at www.africansocieties.org.
39. I b i d.
40. Gumisai Mutume, Africa Recovery, 6.
41. South African Network of Skills Abroad (SANSA), "SANSA to Turn SA Brain Drain into Brain Gain," no. 7 (1998), published by the Department of Communication at the University of Cape Town.
42. Gumisai Mutume, Africa Recovery, 1-4.
43. Alfonso Alfonsi, "The United Nations and the African Diaspora: Networking," African Societies, no. 2 (2002): 2, available at www.africansocieties.org.
44. Broiny Hale, "The Turning Tide of Africa's Brain Drain," BBC News (world edition), 14 March 2003.
45. I b i d.
46. "Chissano Speaks," 2.
47. "Conflict and Unrest Drive African Brain Drain," Reuters, 30 March 2004.
48. Gumisai Mutume, Africa Recovery, 8.
49. Janette Bennett, 3.
50. "Chissano Speaks," 2.
51. Wisdom J. Tettey, 5.
52. Charles Gathua, 2.
53. 'What Can Stop," BBC News, 19 March 2004.
54. Gumisai Mutume, Africa Recovery, 5-6.
55. Wisdom J. Tettey, 2.
56. Charles Gathua, 3.
57. Kuzvinetsa Peter Dzvimbo, 11-2.
58. Charles Gathua, 2.