The impact of state failure on migration

Mediterranean Quarterly

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 16-36

  Deng, Francis M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL CONFLICT; HUMAN RIGHTS; IMMIGRATION POLICY; STRATEGIC APPROACH;

EID: 14044255782     PISSN: 10474552     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/10474552-15-4-16     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. See I. William Zartman, Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority (Washington, DC: Lynne Rienner, 1995).
2. In this essay I build on other works of mine that have appeared elsewhere. Among these, in particular, are "Sovereignty and Humanitarian Responsibility: A Challenge for NGOS in Africa and The Sudan," in Vigilance and Vengeance, NGOSs Preventing Ethnic Conflict in Divided Societies, ed. Robert I. Rothberg (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1996);
3. "Trapped within Hostile Borders: The Plight of Internally Displaced Persons," in Kevin Cahill, ed., untitled forthcoming publication from Fordham University Press;
4. and "The Plight of the Internally Displaced: A Challenge to the International Community," a report of the United Nations High Level Panel on Global Security, March 2004, available at www.un-globalsecurity.org/pdf/deng.pdf.
5. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (New York: OCHA, 2000), defines internally displaced persons as "persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border."
6. See Roberta Cohen and Francis Deng, Masses in Flight: The Global Crisis of Internal Displacement (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1998), 23-9.
7. See also United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), The State of the World's Refugees (New York: UNHCR, 1998), 112-5;
8. and World Health Organization, Internally Displaced Persons: Health and WHO, paper presented at the humanitarian affairs segment of the substantive session of the Economic and Social Council, 2000, 5.
9. See the following by Francis M. Deng: "Identity in Africa's Conflicts," American Behavioral Scientist 40, no. 1 (1996): 46-65;
10. "War of Visions for the Nation," in Sudan, State and Society in Crisis, ed. John Voll (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991);
11. "Identity Factor in the Sudanese Conflict," in Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies (Washington, DC: Foreign Service Institute, 1989);
12. "Negotiating a Hidden Agenda: Sudan's Conflict of Identities," in Elusive Peace: Negotiating an End to Civil Wars, ed. I. William Zartman (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1995).
13. See Francis M. Deng, "Ethnic Marginalization as Statelessness: Lessons from the Great Lakes Region of Africa," in Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices, ed. T. Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2001), 183-208.
14. For my various contributions to the normative theme of the responsibility of sovereignty, see the following books, chapters, and articles by Francis M. Deng: "Sovereignty and Humanitarian Responsibility," in African Reckoning: A Quest for Good Governance ed. Francis M. Deng and Terrence Lyons (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1998);
15. with Sadikiel Kimaro, Terrence Lyons, Donald Rothchild, and I. William Zartman, Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1996);
16. "Reconciling Sovereignty with Responsibility: A Basis for International Humanitarian Action," in Africa in World Politics, ed. John Harbeson and Donald Rothchild (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1995);
17. and "Frontiers of Sovereignty: A Framework of Protection, Assistance and Development for the Internally Displaced," Leiden Journal of International Law 8, no. 2 (1995).
18. See Walter Kälin, Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: Annotations (Washington, DC: American Society of International Law and the Brookings Institution Project on International Displacement, 2000);
19. OCHA, Handbook for Applying the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Project on Internal Displacement and OCHA, 1999);
20. and Recent Commentaries about the Nature and Application of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (Washington, DC: Brookings-CUNY Project on Internal Displacement, 2002).
21. UN Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Policy Paper Series, no. 2 (2000).
22. See for example, Omprakash Mishra, ed., Forced Migration in the South Asian Region (Delhi, India: Center for Refugee Studies, Brookings-SAIS Project on Internal Displacement, Manak, 2004);
23. Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Law of the South Caucasus, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan (Washington, DC: American Society of International Law, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Georgian Young Lawyers Association, 2003);
24. David A. Korn, Exodus within Borders: An Introduction to the Crisis of Internal Displacement (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1999);
25. Cohen and Deng, Masses in Flight;
26. Roberta Cohen and Francis M. Deng, eds., The Forsaken People: Case Studies of the Internally Displaced (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1998 );
27. Francis M. Deng, Protecting the Dispossessed: A Challenge for the International Community (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1993).
28. International Development Research Center (IDRC), The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (Ottawa: IDRC, 2001).
29. For an appraisal of these emergency operations, see Francis M. Deng and Larry Minear, Challenges of Famine Relief (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1992).
30. I b i d.
31. "The Endless Wait for Justice," World Press Review, March 1995, 12. In this article, Shahryar Khan, the UN secretary-general's special representative in Kigali, is reported as saying, "The world has spent $700 million on emergency aid to Rwanda-milk, power, and jerrycans. By contrast, the Justice Ministry has received two payments-$27,000 from the Germans and $1 million from the Belgians-and two typewriters."
32. Francis Deng, "Ethnic Marginalization."