Applications of fluorodeoxyglucose-PET imaging in the detection of infection and inflammation and other benign disorders

Radiologic Clinics of North America

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 121-134

  Zhuang, Hongming ^a   Yu, Jian Q ^a   Alavi, Abass ^a  

^a HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL AGENT;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AORTA ARCH SYNDROME; ARTHROPLASTY; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BENIGN TUMOR; BONE SCINTISCANNING; CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS; CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; GIANT CELL ARTERITIS; HIP ARTHROPLASTY; HIP PROSTHESIS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; LYMPHOMA; MYCOBACTERIOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM INTRACELLULARE AVIUM; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARASITOSIS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SARCOIDOSIS; TOXOPLASMOSIS; VASCULITIS; OSTEOMYELITIS; PYREXIA IDIOPATHICA; SCINTISCANNING; SOFT TISSUE INFECTION;

FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; HUMANS; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; OSTEOMYELITIS; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS;

EID: 13944278098     PISSN: 00338389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2004.07.005     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. D. Delbeke Oncological applications of FDG-PET imaging J Nucl Med 40 1999 1706 1715
2. R. Bar-Shalom, A.Y. Valdivia, and M.D. Blaufox PET imaging in oncology Semin Nucl Med 30 2000 150 185
3. P. Som, H.L. Atkins, D. Bandoypadhyay, J.S. Fowler, R.R. MacGregor, and K. Matsui A fluorinated glucose analog, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18): nontoxic tracer for rapid tumor detection J Nucl Med 21 1980 670 675
4. N. Ahmed, M. Kansara, and M.V. Berridge Acute regulation of glucose transport in a monocyte-macrophage cell line: Glut-3 affinity for glucose is enhanced during the respiratory burst Biochem J 327 1997 369 375
5. K. Lehmann, M. Behe, J. Meller, and W. Becker F-18-FDG uptake in granulocytes: basis of F-18-FDG scintigraphy for imaging infection [abstract] J Nucl Med 42 2001 1384
6. S.M. Bakheet, and J. Powe Benign causes of 18-FDG uptake on whole body imaging Semin Nucl Med 28 1998 352 358
7. R. Kubota, S. Yamada, K. Kubota, K. Ishiwata, N. Tamahashi, and T. Ido Intratumoral distribution of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in vivo: high accumulation in macrophages and granulation tissues studied by microautoradiograph J Nucl Med 33 1992 1972 1980
8. M. Mamede, T. Saga, T. Ishimori, Y. Nakamoto, H. Kobayashi, and N. Sato Differential uptake of F-18-FDG in experimental tumors xenografted into immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and the effect of steroid pretreatment on tumor uptake [abstract] J Nucl Med 42 2001 1172
9. M. Mamede, T. Saga, T. Ishimori, Y. Nakamoto, N. Sato, and T. Higashi Differential uptake of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose by experimental tumors xenografted into immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and the effect of immunomodification Neoplasia 5 2003 179 183
10. Y. Sugawara, T.D. Gutowski, S.J. Fisher, R.S. Brown, and R.L. Wahl Uptake of positron emission tomography tracers in experimental bacterial infections: a comparative biodistribution study of radiolabeled FDG, thymidine, L-methionine, Ga-67-citrate, and I-125-HSA Eur J Nucl Med 26 1999 333 341
11. T. Tahara, Y. Ichiya, Y. Kuwabara, M. Otsuka, Y. Miyake, and R. Gunasekera High [18]-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in abdominal abscesses: a PET study J Comput Assist Tomogr 5 1989 829 831
12. M.A. Meyer, K.A. Frey, and M. Schwaiger Discordance between F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and contrast enhancement in a brain abscess Clin Nucl Med 18 1993 682 684
13. R.F. Yen, M.L. Chen, F.Y. Liu, S.C. Ko, Y.L. Chang, and P.U. Chieng False-positive 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography studies for evaluation of focal pulmonary abnormalities J Formos Med Assoc 97 1998 642 645
14. Z. Kaya, J. Kotzerke, and F. Keller FDG-PET diagnosis of septic kidney in a renal transplant patient Transpl Int 12 1999 156
15. W. Schroder, M. Zimny, C. Rudlowski, U. Bull, and W. Rath The role of F-18-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18-FDG-PET) in diagnosis of ovarian cancer Int J Gynecol Cancer 9 1999 117 122
16. C.H. Park, M.H. Lee, and C.G. Oh F-18FDG positron emission tomographic imaging in bilateral iliopsoas abscesses Clin Nucl Med 27 2002 680 681
17. N. Tsuyuguchi, I. Sunada, K. Ohata, T. Takami, A. Nishio, and M. Hara Evaluation of treatment effects in brain abscess with positron emission tomography: comparison of fluorine-18- fluorodeoxyglucose and carbon-11-methionine Ann Nucl Med 17 2003 47 51
18. H.A. Jones, S. Sriskandan, A.M. Peters, N.B. Pride, T. Krausz, and A.R. Boobis Dissociation of neutrophil emigration and metabolic activity in lobar pneumonia and bronchiectasis Eur Respir J 10 1997 795 803
19. L.O. Kapucu, C.C. Meltzer, D.W. Townsend, R.J. Keenan, and J.D. Luketich Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in pneumonia J Nucl Med 39 1998 1267 1269
20. S.M. Bakheet, M. Saleem, J. Powe, A. Al Amro, S.G. Larsson, and Z. Mahassin F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose chest uptake in lung inflammation and infection Clin Nucl Med 25 2000 273 278
21. S.M.B. Bakheet, J. Powe, A. Ezzat, and A. Rostom F-18-FDG uptake in tuberculosis Clin Nucl Med 23 1998 739
22. J.M. Goo, J.G. Im, K.H. Do, J.S. Yeo, J.B. Seo, and H.Y. Kim Pulmonary tuberculoma evaluated by means of FDG-PET: findings in 10 cases Radiology 216 2000 117 121
23. T. Hara, N. Kosaka, T. Suzuki, K. Kudo, and H. Niino Uptake rates of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and C-11-choline in lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis: a positron emission tomography study Chest 124 2003 893 901
24. L. Jeffry, K. Kerrou, S. Camatte, L. Lelievre, U. Metzger, and F. Robin Peritoneal tuberculosis revealed by carcinomatosis on CT scan and uptake at FDG-PET BJOG 110 2003 1129 1131
25. C.M. Yang, C.H. Hsu, C.M. Lee, and F.C. Wang Intense uptake of F-18 -fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose in active pulmonary tuberculosis Ann Nucl Med 17 2003 407 410
26. H. Zhuang, M. Pourdehnad, A.J. Yamamoto, M.D. Rossman, and A. Alavi Intense F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection Clin Nucl Med 26 2001 458
27. H. El-Zeftawy, V. LaBombardi, M. Dakhel, S. Heiba, and H.A. Dayem Evaluation of F-18 FDG-PET imaging in diagnosis of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) in AIDS patients [abstract] J Nucl Med 43 2002 460
28. S. Bandoh, J. Fujita, Y. Ueda, Y. Tojo, T. Ishii, and A. Kubo Uptake of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex infection Intern Med 42 2003 726 729
29. C.H. Hsu, C.M. Lee, F.C. Wang, and Y.H. Lin F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in pulmonary cryptococcoma Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 791 793
30. S.M.B. Bakheet, J. Powe, A. Kandil, A. Ezzat, A. Rostom, and J. Amartey F-18FDG uptake in breast infection and inflammation Clin Nucl Med 25 2000 100 103
31. M.A. Meyer Diffusely increased colonic F-18 FDG uptake in acute enterocolitis Clin Nucl Med 20 1995 434 435
32. A. Hannah, A.M. Scott, T. Akhurst, S. Berlangieri, J. Bishop, and W.J. McKay Abnormal colonic accumulation of fluorine-18-FDG in pseudomembranous colitis J Nucl Med 37 1996 1683 1685
33. K. Jacobson, J.R. Mernagh, T. Green, L. Moss, C. Radoja, and R.M. Issenmam Positron emission tomography in the investigation of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease Gastroenterology 116 1999 A742
34. M.B. Tomas, G.G. Tronco, G. Karayalcin, and C.J. Palestro FDG uptake in infectious mononucleosis Clinical Position Imaging 3 2000 176
35. S.I. Watanabe, Y. Nakamura, K. Kariatsumari, T. Nagata, R. Sakata, and S. Zinnouchi Pulmonary paragonimiasis mimicking lung cancer on FDG-PET imaging Anticancer Res 23 2003 3437 3440
36. H. Zhuang, P.S. Duarte, A. Rebenstock, Q. Feng, and A. Alavi Pulmonary Clostridium perfringens infection detected by FDG positron emission tomography Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 517 518
37. A. Guhlmann, D. Brecht-Krauss, G. Suger, G. Glatting, J. Kotzerke, and L. Kinzl Fluorine-18-FDG-PET and technetium-99m antigranulocyte antibody scintigraphy in chronic osteomyelitis J Nucl Med 39 1998 2145 2152
38. A. Guhlmann, D. Brecht-Krauss, G. Suger, G. Glatting, J. Kotzerke, and L. Kinzl Chronic osteomyelitis: detection with FDG-PET and correlation with histopathologic findings Radiology 206 1998 749 754
39. H. Zhuang, P.S. Duarte, M. Pourdehand, D. Shnier, and A. Alavi Exclusion of chronic osteomyelitis with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic imaging Clin Nucl Med 25 2000 281 284
40. T. Kalicke, A. Schmitz, J.H. Risse, S. Arens, E. Keller, and M. Hansis Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET in infectious bone diseases: results of histologically confirmed cases Eur J Nucl Med 27 2000 524 528
41. F. De Winter, F. Gemmel, C. Van de Wiele, D. Vogelaers, D. Uyttendaele, and B. Poffijn Prospective comparison of 99m Tc ciprofloxacin (infection) SPECT and FDG-PET for the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis in the central skeleton: preliminary results [abstract] Eur J Nucl Med 28 2001 OS101
42. J. Meller, G. Koster, T. Liersch, U. Siefker, K. Lehmann, and I. Meyer Chronic bacterial osteomyelitis: prospective comparison of F- 18-FDG imaging with a dual-head coincidence camera and In-111-labeled autologous leucocyte scintigraphy Eur J Nucl Med 29 2002 53 60
43. H. Zhuang, P.S. Duarte, M. Pourdehnad, A. Maes, F. Van Acker, and D. Shnier The promising role of F-18-FDG-PET in detecting infected lower limb prosthesis implants J Nucl Med 42 2001 44 48
44. K. Kisielinski, U. Cremerius, P. Reinartz, and F.U. Niethard Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography detection of inflammatory reactions due to polyethylene wear in total hip arthroplasty J Arthroplast 18 2003 528 532
45. U. Cremerius, T. Mumme, P. Reinartz, D. Wirtz, F.U. Niethard, and U. Bull Analysis of F-18-FDG uptake patterns in PET for diagnosis of septic and aseptic loosening after total hip arthroplasty Nuklearmedizin 42 2003 234 239
46. J. Meller, G. Altenvoerde, U. Munzel, A. Jauho, M. Behe, and S. Gratz Fever of unknown origin: prospective comparison of [F-18]FDG imaging with a double-head coincidence camera and gallium-67 citrate SPECT Eur J Nucl Med 27 2000 1617 1625
47. D. Blockmans, D. Knockaert, A. Maes, J. De Caestecker, S. Stroobants, and H. Bobbaers Clinical value of [F-18]fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography for patients with fever of unknown origin Clin Infect Dis 32 2001 191 196
48. J. Lorenzen, R. Buchert, and K.H. Bohuslavizki Value of FDG-PET in patients with fever of unknown origin Nucl Med Commun 22 2001 779 783
49. K.J. Chang, H. Zhuang, and A. Alavi Detection of chronic recurrent lower extremity deep venous thrombosis on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography Clin Nucl Med 25 2000 838 839
50. E.C. Lin, and R.A. Quaife FDG uptake in chronic superior vena cava thrombus on positron emission tomographic imaging Clin Nucl Med 26 2001 241 242
51. C.P. Bleeker-Rovers, G. Jager, C.J. Tack, J.W.M. van der Meer, and W.J.G. Oyen F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography leading to a diagnosis of septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein: description of a case history and review of the literature J Intern Med 255 2004 419 423
52. J. Kung, H. Zhuang, J.Q. Yu, P.S. Duarte, and A. Alavi Intense fluorodeoxyglucose activity in pulmonary amyloid lesions on positron emission tomography Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 975 976
53. L.H. Brudin, S.O. Valind, C.G. Rhodes, C.F. Pantin, M. Sweatman, and T. Jones Fluorine-18 deoxyglucose uptake in sarcoidosis measured with positron emission tomography Eur J Nucl Med 21 1994 297 305
54. P.J. Lewis, and A. Salama Uptake of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in sarcoidosis J Nucl Med 35 1994 1647 1649
55. I.K. Taylor, A.A. Hill, M. Hayes, C.G. Rhodes, K.M. O'Shaughnessy, and B.J. O'Connor Imaging allergen-invoked airway inflammation in atopic asthma with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography Lancet 347 1996 937 940
56. G. Kicska, H. Zhuang, and A. Alavi Acute bronchitis imaged with F-18FDG positron emission tomography Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 511 512
57. S. Dadparvar, G.S. Anderson, P. Bhargava, L. Guan, P. Reich, and A. Alavi Paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with cystic teratoma is detected by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with negative magnetic resonance image findings Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 893 896
58. E.C. Lin Costochondritis mimicking a pulmonary nodule on FDG positron emission tomographic imaging Clin Nucl Med 27 2002 591 592
59. P. Lin, G. Delaney, J. Chu, H. Kiat, and N. Pocock Fluorine-18 FDG dual-head gamma camera coincidence imaging of radiation pneumonitis Clin Nucl Med 25 2000 866 869
60. C. Neto, H. Zhuang, N. Ghesani, and A. Alavi Detection of Barrett's esophagus superimposed by esophageal cancer by FDG positron emission tomography Clin Nucl Med 26 2001 1060
61. P. Bhargava, P. Reich, A. Alavi, and H. Zhuang Radiation-induced esophagitis on FDG-PET imaging Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 849 850
62. P.D. Shreve Focal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in inflammatory pancreatic disease Eur J Nucl Med 25 1998 259 264
63. S. Yasuda, A. Shohtsu, M. Ide, S. Takagi, Y. Suzuki, and T. Tajima Diffuse F-18 FDG uptake in chronic thyroiditis Clin Nucl Med 22 1997 341
64. O. Drieskens, D. Blockmans, A. Van den Bruel, and L. Mortelmans Riedel's thyroiditis and retroperitoneal fibrosis in multifocal fibrosclerosis positron emission tomographic findings Clin Nucl Med 27 2002 413 415
65. D.T. Schmid, S. Kneifel, S.J. Stoeckli, B.C. Padberg, G. Merrill, and G.W. Goerres Increased 18F-FDG uptake mimicking thyroid cancer in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis Eur Radiol 13 2003 2119 2121
66. S. Yasuda, A. Shohtsu, M. Ide, S. Takagi, H. Kijima, and M. Horiuchi Elevated F-18 FDG uptake in plasmacyte-rich chronic maxillary sinusitis Clin Nucl Med 23 1998 176 178
67. M. Gysen, S. Stroobants, and L. Mortelmans Proliferative myositis: a case of a pseudomalignant process Clin Nucl Med 23 1998 836 838
68. M.B. Imran, K. Kubota, S. Yoshioka, S. Yamada, T. Sato, and H. Fukuda Sclerosing mediastinitis: findings on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography Clin Nucl Med 24 1999 305 308
69. R.F. Nunez, H.W. Yeung, and H. Macapinlac Increased F-18 FDG uptake in the stomach Clin Nucl Med 24 1999 281 282
70. R.-F. Yen, C.-T. Shun, M.-H. Pan, Y.-C. Tsai, and Y.-W. Wu FDG-PET manifestation of lobular panniculitis Clin Nucl Med 29 2004 442 443
71. C.H. Kao Incidental findings of FDG uptake in dental caries Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 610
72. H. Zhuang, M.E. Cunnane, N.V. Ghesani, P.D. Mozley, and A. Alavi Chest tube insertion as a potential source of false-positive FDG-positron emission tomographic results Clin Nucl Med 27 2002 285 286
73. C.H. Hsu, C.M. Lee, and S.Y. Lin Inflammatory pseudotumor resulting from foreign body in abdominal cavity detected by FDG-PET Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 842 844
74. R. Hurwitz F-18 FDG positron emission tomographic imaging in a case of ruptured breast implant: inflammation or recurrent tumor? Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 755 756
75. S.H. Saverymuttu, M. Camilleri, H. Rees, J.P. Lavender, H.J. Hodgson, and V.S. Chadwick Indium 111-granulocyte scanning in the assessment of disease extent and disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison with colonoscopy, histology, and fecal indium 111-granulocyte excretion Gastroenterology 90 1986 1121 1128
76. M. Charron, J.F. del Rosario, and S. Kocoshis Use of technetium-tagged white blood cells in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: is differential diagnosis possible? Pediatr Radiol 28 1998 871 877
77. M. Charron, F. Del Rosario, and S. Kocoshis Assessment of terminal ileal and colonic inflammation in Crohn's disease with 99mTc-WBC Acta Paediatr 88 1999 193 198
78. S.H. Saverymuttu, M.E. Crofton, A.M. Peters, and J.P. Lavender Indium-111 tropolonate leucocyte scanning in the detection of intra-abdominal abscesses Clin Radiol 34 1983 593 596
79. C.J. Palestro, C.K. Kim, A.J. Swyer, J.D. Capozzi, R.W. Solomon, and S.J. Goldsmith Total-hip arthroplasty: periprosthetic indium-111 labeled leukocyte activity and complementary technetium-99m-sulfur colloid imaging in suspected infection J Nucl Med 31 1990 1950 1954
80. J.E. MacSweeney, A.M. Peters, and J.P. Lavender Indium labeled leucocyte scanning in pyrexia of unknown origin Clin Radiol 42 1990 414 417
81. W. Becker, D.M. Goldenberg, and F. Wolf The use of monoclonal-antibodies and antibody fragments in the imaging of infectious lesions Semin Nucl Med 24 1994 142 153
82. S. Almers, G. Granerus, L. Franzen, and M. Strom Technetium-99m scintigraphy: more accurate assessment of ulcerative colitis with exametazime-labeled leucocytes than with antigranulocyte antibodies Eur J Nucl Med 23 1996 247 255
83. A.J. Fischman, E.A. Carter, W.A. Coco-Graham, and J.W. Babich Comparison of a Tc-99m chemotactic peptide with (18)FDG for imaging infection and sterile inflammation in rabbits [abstract] J Nucl Med 40 1999 894
84. O. Boerman, W. Oyen, F. Corstens, and G. Storm Liposomes for scintigraphic imaging: optimization of in vivo behavior Q J Nucl Med 42 1998 271 279
85. M. Rusckowski, G. Paganelli, D.J. Hnatowich, P. Magnani, F. Virzi, and M. Fogarasi Imaging osteomyelitis with streptavidin and indium-111-labeled biotin J Nucl Med 37 1996 1655 1662
86. M.J. O'Doherty, S.F. Barrington, M. Campbell, J. Lowe, and C.S. Bradbeer PET scanning and the human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient J Nucl Med 38 1997 1575 1583
87. A.M. Scharko, S.B. Perlman, R.W. Pyzalski, F.M. Graziano, J. Sosman, and C.D. Pauza Whole-body positron emission tomography in patients with HIV-1 infection Lancet 362 2003 959 961
88. J.M. Hoffman, H.A. Waskin, T. Schifter, M.W. Hanson, L. Gray, and S. Rosenfeld FDG-PET in differentiating lymphoma from nonmalignant central nervous system lesions in patients with AIDS J Nucl Med 34 1993 567 575
89. K. Villringer, H. Jager, M. Dichgans, S. Ziegler, J. Poppinger, and M. Herz Differential diagnosis of CNS lesions in AIDS patients by FDG-PET J Comput Assist Tomogr 19 1995 532 536
90. A.E. Heald, J.M. Hoffman, J.A. Bartlett, and H.A. Waskin Differentiation of central nervous system lesions in AIDS patients using positron emission tomography (PET) Int J STD AIDS 7 1996 337
91. E.M. Laasonen, and M. Porras Post-traumatic osteomyelitis: delay in appearance after infection and prognostic value of radiological signs Eur J Radiol 3 1983 95 96
92. V.W. Wing, R.B. Jeffrey, M.P. Federle, C.A. Helms, and P. Trafton Chronic osteomyelitis examined by CT Radiology 154 1985 171 174
93. J.G. Craig, M.B. Amin, K. Wu, W.R. Eyler, M.T. vanHolsbeeck, and J.A. Bouffard Osteomyelitis of the diabetic foot: MR imaging. Pathologic correlation Radiology 203 1997 849 855
94. C.D. Marcus, V.J. LadamMarcus, J. Leone, D. Malgrange, F.M. BonnetGausserand, and B.P. Menanteau MR imaging of osteomyelitis and neuropathic osteoarthropathy in the feet of diabetics Radiographics 16 1996 1337 1348
95. L.D. Ma, F.J. Frassica, D.A. Bluemke, and E.K. Fishman CT and MRI evaluation of musculoskeletal infection Crit Rev Diagn Imaging 38 1997 535 568
96. A. Kaim, H.P. Ledermann, G. Bongartz, P. Messmer, J. Muller-Brand, and W. Steinbrich Chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower extremity: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and combined bone scintigraphy/ immunoscintigraphy with radiolabelled monoclonal antigranulocyte antibodies Skeletal Radiol 29 2000 378 386
97. H.P. Ledermann, A. Kaim, G. Bongartz, and W. Steinbrich Pitfalls and limitations of magnetic resonance imaging in chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis Eur Radiol 10 2000 1815 1823
98. T.G. Sanders, M.A. Medynski, J.F. Feller, and K.W. Lawhorn Bone contusion patterns of the knee at MR imaging: footprint of the mechanism of injury Radiographics 20 2000 S135 S151
99. D.S. Schauwecker The scintigraphic diagnosis of osteomyelitis AJR Am J Roentgenol 1 1992 9 18
100. A. Kolindou, Y. Liu, K. Ozker, A.Z. Krasnow, A.T. Isitman, and R.S. Hellman In-111 WBC imaging of osteomyelitis in patients with underlying bone scan abnormalities Clin Nucl Med 21 1996 183 191
101. E.E. Kim, G.A. Pjura, P.A. Lowry, A.H. Gobuty, and J.F. Traina Osteomyelitis complicating fracture: pitfalls of 111In leukocyte scintigraphy AJR Am J Roentgenol 148 1987 927 930
102. M. Solomon, S. Macdessi, and H. Van der Wall Utility of leukocyte scanning in osteomyelitis complicating a complex fracture Clin Nucl Med 26 2001 858 859
103. K.D.M. Stumpe, M. Zanetti, D. Weishaupt, J. Hodler, N. Boos, and G.K. von Schulthess FDG positron emission tomography for differentiation of degenerative and infectious endplate abnormalities in the lumbar spine detected on MR imaging AJR Am J Roentgenol 179 2002 1151 1157
104. H. Zhuang, J.W. Sam, T.K. Chacko, P.S. Duarte, M. Hickeson, and Q. Feng Rapid normalization of osseous FDG uptake following traumatic or surgical fractures Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30 2003 1096 1103
105. K.D.M. Stumpe, H. Dazzi, A. Schaffner, and G.K. von Schulthess Infection imaging using whole-body FDG-PET Eur J Nucl Med 27 2000 822 832
106. F. De Winter, C. Van de Wiele, D. Vogelaers, R. Verdonk, K. De Smet, and D. De Clercq FDG-PET is highly accurate in the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis in the central skeleton [abstract] J Nucl Med 41 2000 57
107. F.C. Robiller, K.D.M. Stumpe, T. Kossmann, D. Weisshaupt, E. Bruder, and G.K. von Schulthess Chronic osteomyelitis of the femur: value of PET imaging Eur Radiol 10 2000 855 858
108. F. De Winter, C. Van de Wiele, D. Vogelaers, K. De Smet, R. Verdonk, and R.A. Dierckx Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography: a highly accurate imaging modality for the diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal infections J Bone Joint Surg Am 83 2001 651 660
109. R. Paul, A. Ahonen, P. Virtama, A. Aho, and T. Ekfors F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose: its potential in differentiating between stress-fracture and neoplasia Clin Nucl Med 14 1989 906 908
110. A. Schmitz, J.H. Risse, J. Textor, D. Zander, H.J. Biersack, and H. Palmedo FDG-PET findings of vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis: preliminary results Osteoporos Int 13 2002 755 761
111. F. De Winter, R. Dierckx, P. De Bondt, D. Vogelaers, R. Verdonk, and C. Van De Wiele FDG-PET as a single technique is more accurate than the combination bone scan/white blood cell scan in chronic orthopedic infections (COI) [abstract] J Nucl Med 41 2000 59
112. S. Gratz, J. Dorner, U. Fischer, T.M. Behr, M. Behe, and G. Altenvoerde F-18-FDG hybrid PET in patients with suspected spondylitis Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 29 2002 516 524
113. H.J. Andrews, G.P. Arden, G.M. Hart, and J.W. Owen Deep infection after total hip replacement J Bone Joint Surg Br 63 1981 53 57
114. E.G. Maderazo, S. Judson, and H. Pasternak Late infections of total joint prostheses: a review and recommendation for prevention Clin Orthop 229 1988 131 142
115. C.J. Palestro, P. Roumanas, A.J. Swyer, C.K. Kim, and S.J. Goldsmith Diagnosis of musculoskeletal infection using combined In-111 labeled leukocyte and Tc-99m SC marrow imaging Clin Nucl Med 17 1992 269 273
116. D.M. Scher, K. Pak, J.H. Lonner, J.E. Finkel, J.D. Zuckerman, and P.E. Di Cesare The predictive value of indium-111 leukocyte scans in the diagnosis of infected total hip, knee, or resection arthroplasties J Arthroplast 15 2000 295 300
117. A. Schmitz, H.J. Risse, T. Kalicke, F. Grunwald, and O. Schmitt FDG-PET for diagnosis and follow-up of inflammatory processes: first results from an orthopedic view Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 138 2000 407 412
118. C. Love, P.V. Pugliese, M.O. Afriyie, M.B. Tomas, S.E. Marvin, and C.J. Palestro Utility of F18 FDG imaging for diagnosing the infected joint replacement Clinical Positron Imaging 3 2000 159
119. T.K. Chacko, B. Moussavian, H.M. Zhuang, K. Woods, and A. Alavi Critical role of FDG-PET imaging in the management of patients with suspected infection in diverse settings [abstract] J Nucl Med 43 2002 456
120. B. Vanquickenborne, A. Maes, J. Nuyts, F. Van Acker, J. Stuyck, and M. Mulier The value of (18)FDG-PET for the detection of infected hip prosthesis Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30 2003 705 715
121. H. Zhuang, T.K. Chacko, M. Hickeson, K. Stevenson, Q. Feng, and F. Ponzo Persistent non-specific FDG uptake on PET imaging following hip arthroplasty Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 29 2002 1328 1333
122. T.K. Chacko, H. Zhuang, K. Stevenson, B. Moussavian, and A. Alavi The importance of the location of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in periprosthetic infection in painful hip prostheses Nucl Med Commun 23 2002 851 855
123. N. Manthey, P. Reinhard, F. Moog, P. Knesewitsch, K. Hahn, and K. Tatsch The use of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to differentiate between synovitis, loosening and infection of hip and knee prostheses Nucl Med Commun 23 2002 645 653
124. B.A. Cunha Fever of unknown origin Infect Dis Clin North Am 10 1996 111
125. D.C. Knockaert, S. Vanderschueren, and D. Blockmans Fever of unknown origin in adults: 40 years on J Intern Med 253 2003 263 275
126. J. Meller, V. Ivancevic, M. Conrad, S. Gratz, D.L. Munz, and W. Becker Clinical value of immunoscintigraphy in patients with fever of unknown origin J Nucl Med 39 1998 1248 1253
127. J. Meller, C.O. Sahlmann, K. Lehmann, U. Siefker, I. Meyer, and K. Schreiber F-18-FDG-hybrid-camera-PET in patients with postoperative fever Nuklearmedizin 41 2002 22 29
128. C.P. Bleeker-Rovers, E. de Kleijn, F.H.M. Corstens, J.W.M. van der Meer, and W.J.G. Oyen Clinical value of FDG-PET in patients with fever of unknown origin and patients suspected of focal infection or inflammation Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31 2004 29 37
129. M.V. Knopp, and H.G. Bischoff Evaluation of intrapulmonary nodules by positron emission tomography Radiologe 34 1994 588 591
130. A. Kobayashi, T. Shinozaki, Y. Shinjyo, K. Kato, N. Oriuchi, and H. Watanabe FDG-PET in the clinical evaluation of sarcoidosis with bone lesions Ann Nucl Med 14 2000 311 313
131. A. Joe, S. Hoegerle, and E. Moser Cervical lymph node sarcoidosis as a pitfall in F-18FDG positron emission tomography Clin Nucl Med 26 2001 542
132. N. Dubey, R.S. Miletich, M. Wasay, L.L. Mechtler, and R. Bakshi Role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis J Neurol Sci 205 2002 77 81
133. V. Ludwig, S. Fordice, R. Lamar, W.H. Martin, and D. Delbeke Unsuspected skeletal sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic disease on FDG positron emission tomography and bone scintigraphy Clin Nucl Med 28 2003 176 179
134. H. Yamagishi, N. Shirai, M. Takagi, M. Yoshiyama, K. Akioka, and K. Takeuchi Identification of cardiac sarcoidosis with N-13-NH3/F-18-FDG-PET J Nucl Med 44 2003 1030 1036
135. G.J. Cook, I. Fogelman, and M.N. Maisey Normal physiological and benign pathological variants of 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron-emission tomography scanning: potential for error in interpretation Semin Nucl Med 26 1996 308 314
136. M.B. Gotway, M.L. Storto, J.A. Golden, G.P. Reddy, and W.R. Webb Incidental detection of thoracic sarcoidosis on whole-body (18)fluorine-2- fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography J Thorac Imaging 15 2000 201 204
137. N. Oriuchi, T. Inoue, K. Tomiyoshi, Y. Sando, M. Tsukakoshi, and K. Aoyagi F-18-fluoro-alpha-methyl-tyrosine (FMT) and F-18- fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in patients with sarcoidosis [abstract] J Nucl Med 40 1999 196P
138. Y. Yamada, Y. Uchida, K. Tatsumi, T. Yamaguchi, H. Kimura, and H. Kitahara Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and carbon-11-methionine evaluation of lymphadenopathy in sarcoidosis J Nucl Med 39 1998 1160 1166
139. M. Hara, P.C. Goodman, and R.A. Leder FDG-PET finding in early-phase Takayasu arteritis J Comput Assist Tomogr 23 1999 16 18
140. F. De Winter, M. Petrovic, C. Van de Wiele, D. Vogelaers, M. Afschrift, and R.A. Dierckx Imaging of giant cell arteritis: evidence of splenic involvement using FDG positron emission tomography Clin Nucl Med 25 2000 633 634
141. A. Turlakow, H.W.D. Yeung, J. Pui, H. Macapinlac, E. Liebovitz, and V. Rusch Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis Arch Intern Med 161 2001 1003 1007
142. A.D. Beggs, and S.F. Hain F-18FDG-positron emission tomographic scanning and Wegener's granulomatosis Clin Nucl Med 27 2002 705 706
143. E.H. Hoogendoorn, W.J.G. Oyen, A.P.J. van Dijk, and J.W.M. van der Meer Pneumococcal aortitis, report of a case with emphasis on the contribution to diagnosis of positron emission tomography using fluorinated deoxyglucose Clin Microbiol Infect 9 2003 73 76
144. M. Webb, A. Chambers, A. Al-Nahhas, J.C. Mason, L. Maudlin, and L. Rahman The role of F-18-FDG-PET in characterising disease activity in Takayasu arteritis Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31 2004 627 634
145. J. Meller, F. Strutz, J. Siefker, A. Schee, C.O. Sahmann, and K. Lehmann Early diagnosis and follow-up of aortitis with F-18 FDG-PET and MRI Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30 2003 730 736
146. C.P. Bleeker-Rovers, S.J.H. Bredie, J.W.M. van der Meer, F.H.M. Corstens, and W.J.G. Oyen F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in diagnosis and follow-up of patients with different types of vasculitis Neth J Med 61 2003 323 329
147. M. Brodmann, R.W. Lipp, A. Passath, G. Seinost, E. Pabst, and E. Pilger The role of 2-F-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis of the temporal arteries Rheumatology 43 2004 241 242
148. S. Raman, R. Nunez, C.O. Wong, and H.J. Dworkin F-18FDG positron emission tomographic image of an aortic aneurysmal thrombus Clin Nucl Med 27 2002 213 214
149. M. Hutchings, and A. Eigtved Uptake of FDG in Lemierre's syndrome with normal leucocyte scintigraphy Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30 2003 489
150. M. Miceli, R. Atoui, R. Walker, T. Mahfouz, N. Mirza, and J. Diaz Diagnosis of deep septic thrombophlebitis in cancer patients by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning: a preliminary report J Clin Oncol 22 2004 1949 1956
151. A. Krupnick, J. Lombardi, F. Engels, D. Kreisel, H. Zhuang, and A. Alavi 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as a novel imaging tool for the diagnosis of aortoenteric fistula and aortic graft infection: a case report Vasc Endovascular Surg 37 2003 363 368
152. Z. Keidar, A. Engel, S. Nitecki, R. Bar Shalom, A. Hoffman, and O. Israel PET/CT using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose for the evaluation of suspected infected vascular graft Mol Imaging Biol 5 2003 23 25
153. H. Rohde, M.A. Horstkotte, S. Loeper, J. Aberle, L. Jenicke, and R. Lampidis Recurrent Listeria monocytogenes aortic graft infection: confirmation of relapse by molecular subtyping Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 48 2004 63 67