Low-carbohydrate diets, con: The mythical phoenix or credible science?

Nutrition in Clinical Practice

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 13-16

  Kushner, Robert F ^a,b  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DIET THERAPY; HUMAN; HYPERINSULINEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIET; OBESITY; REVIEW;

PHOENIX;

EID: 13844318068     PISSN: 08845336     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/011542650502000113     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Deckelbaum RJ, Fisher EA, Winston M, et al. Summary of a scientific conference on preventive nutrition: pediatrics to geriatrics. Circulation. 1999;100:450-456.
2. National Research Council. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2002:1-936.
3. Freedman MR, King J, Kennedy E. Popular diets: a scientific review. Obes Res. 2001;9(Suppl):1S-40S.
4. th ed. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, Inc; 1976:1-844.
5. Newburgh LH, Johnston MW. Endogenous obesity: a misconception. Ann Intern Med. 1930;3:815-825.
6. Newburgh LH, Johnston MW. The nature of obesity. J Clin Invest. 1930;8:197-213.
7. Pilkington TRE, Gainsborough HJ, Rosenoer VM, et al. Diet and weight reduction in the obese. Lancet. 1960;i:856-858.
8. Leibel RL, Hirsch J, Appel BE, Checani GC. Energy intake required to maintain body weight is not affected by wide variation in diet composition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:350-355.
9. Bravata DM, Sanders L, Huang J, et al. Efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets: a scientific review. JAMA. 2003;289:1837-1850.
10. Feinman RD, Fine EJ. "A calorie is a calorie" violates the second law of thermodynamics. Nutr J. 2004;3:9-13.
11. Buchholz AC, Schoeller DA. Is a calorie a calorie? Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(Suppl):899S-906S.
12. Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:537-543.
13. Bray GA, Popkin BM. Dietary fat intake does affect obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68:1157-1173.
14. Colditz GA, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Willett WC, Speizer FE. Diet and risk of clinical diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:1018-1023.
15. Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs DR, Slavin J, Sellers TA, Folsom AR. Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in older women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:921-930.
16. Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, et al. A prospective study of whole-grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in US women. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:1409-1415.
17. Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohann D, von Bergmann K, Grundy SM, Brinkley LJ. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1392-1398.
18. Ludwig DS. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms related to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2002;287:2414-2423.
19. Frayn KN. Physiological regulation of macronutrient balance. Int J Obesity. 1995;19(Suppl):S4-S10.
20. Schutz Y. The adjustment of energy expenditure and oxidation to energy intake: the role of carbohydrate and fat balance. Int J Obes. 1993;17(Suppl):S23-S27.
21. Acheson KJ, Schutz Y, Bessard T, Anantharaman K, Flatt JP, Jequier E. Glycogen storage capacity and de novo lipogenesis during massive carbohydrate overfeeding in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:240-247.
22. Cnop M, Landchild M, Vidal J, et al. The concurrent accumulation of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat explains the association between insulin resistance and plasma leptin concentrations: distinct metabolic effects of two fat compartments. Diabetes. 2002;52:1005-1015.
23. Banerji MA, Lebowitz J, Chaiken RL, Gordon D, Kral JG, Lebovitz HE. Relationship of visceral adipose tissue and glucose disposal is independent of sex in black NIDDM subjects. Am J Physiol. 1997;273:E425-E432.
24. Wagenknech LE, Langefeld CD, Scherzinger AL, et al. Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and abdominal fat: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study (IRAS) family study. Diabetes. 2003;52:2490-2496.
25. Weyer C, Foley JE, Bogardus C, Tataranni PA, Pratley RE. Enlarged subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size, but not obesity itself, predicts type 2 diabetes independent of insulin resistance. Diabetologia. 2000;43:1498-1506.
26. Kelly DE, Goodpaster BH, Storlien L. Muscle triglyceride and insulin resistance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2002;22:325-346.
27. Unger RH. Lipotoxic diseases. Ann Rev Med. 2002;53:319-336.
28. Fruhbeck G, Gomez-Ambrosi J, Muruzabal FJ, Burrell MA. The adipocyte: a model for integration of endocrine and metabolic signaling in energy metabolism regulation. Am J Endocrinol Metab. 2001;280:E827-E847.
29. Daly ME, Vale C, Walker M, Alberti KGMM, Mathers JC. Dietary carbohydrates and insulin sensitivity: a review of the evidence and clinical implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:1072-1085.
30. Fukagawa NK, Anderson JW, Hageman G, Young VR, Minaker KL. High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets increase peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy young and old adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;52:524-528.
31. Foster FD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, et al. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2082-2090.
32. Yancy WS, Olsen MK, Guyton JR, Bakst RP, Westman EC. A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:769-777.
33. Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DA. A randomized trial comparing a very low-carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:1617-1623.
34. Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, et al. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2074-2081.
35. Stern L, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, et al. The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:778-785.
36. Reddy ST, Wang CY, Sakhaee K, Brinkley L, Pak CYC. Effect of low-carbohydrate high-protein diets on acid-base balance, stone-forming propensity, and calcium metabolism. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40:265-274.