Investigating the effects of strategy use and second language test performance with high- and low-ability test takers: A structural equation modelling approach

Language Testing

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 333-379

  Purpura, James E ^a  

^a Howard Hughes Medical Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 13744256020     PISSN: 02655322     EISSN: 14770946     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/026553229801500303     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Abraham, R. G. and Van, R. J. 1987: Strategies of two language learners: A case study. In Werden, A. and Rubin, J, editors, Learner strategies in language learning, London: Prentice Hall International, 85-102.
2. Anderson, N.J. 1989: Reading comprehension tests versus academic reading: What are second language readers doing? Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas, Austin, TX.
3. Barnett, M. A. 1989: More than meets the eye. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
4. Bentler, P. M. 1990: Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin 107, 238-246.
5. Bentler, P. M. 1992: EQS structural equations program manual. Los Angeles, CA: BMDP Statistical Software, Inc.
6. Bentler, P. M. 1995: EQS structural equations program manual (revised edn). Los Angeles, CA: BMDP Statistical Software, Inc.
7. Bentler, P. M. and Wu, E. C. 1997: EQS for Macintosh user's guide. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software, Inc.
8. Bialystok, E. 1978: A theoretical model of second language learning. Language Learning 28, 69-83.
9. Bialystok, E. 1981: The role of conscious strategies in second language proficiency. Modern Language Journal 65, 24-35.
10. Bialystok, E. 1983: Some factors in the selection and implementation of communication strategies. In Faerch, C. and Kasper, G., editors, Strategies in interlanguage communication, London: Longman.
11. Byrne, B. M. 1989: A primer of LISREL: basic applications and programming for confirmatory factor analytic models. New York: Springer Verlag.
12. Byrne, B. M. 1994: Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
13. Byrne, B. M., Shavelson, R. J. and Muthén, B. 1989: Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: the issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456-466.
14. Carrell, P. L. 1988: Some causes of text boundedness and schema interference in ESL reading. In Carrell, P. L., Devine, J. and Eskey, D. E., editors, Interactive approaches to second language reading, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 239-259.
15. Chamot, A. U. and Kupper, L. 1989: Learning strategies in foreign language instruction. Foreign Language Annals 22, 13-24.
16. Chamot, A. M., Kupper, L. and Impink-Hernandez, M. 1988: A study of learning strategies in foreign language instruction: findings of the longitudinal study. McLean, VA: Interstate Research Associates.
17. Clapham, C. 1996: The development of IELTS: A study of the effect of background knowledge on reading comprehension. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Coady, J. 1979: A psycholinguistic model of the ESL reader. In Mackay, R., Barkman, B. and Jordan, R. R., editors, Reading in a second language: hypotheses, organization and practice, Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
19. Cohen, A. and Aphek, E. 1981: Easifying second language learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 3; 221-236.
20. Cziko, G. A. 1980: Language competence and reading strategies: a comparison of first and second-language oral reading errors. Language Learning 30, 101-116.
21. EFL Division of UCLES 1994: First Certificate in English Handbook. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate.
22. Gagné, E. D., Yekovich, C. W. and Yekovich, F. R. 1993: The cognitive psychology of school learning. NY, NY: Harper Collins College Publishers.
23. Gillette, B. 1987: Two successful language learners: an introspective report. In Faerch, C. and Kasper, G., editors, Introspection in second language research, Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters, 267-279.
24. Hosenfeld, C. 1976: Learning about learning: discovering our students' strategies. Foreign Language Annals 9, 117-129.
25. Huang, X.-H. and Van Naerssen, M. 1985: Learning strategies for oral communication. Applied Linguistics 6, 287-307.
26. Jöreskog, K. G. 1993: Testing structural equation models. In Bollen, K. and Long, J. S., editors, Testing structural equation models, Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
27. Krashen, S. 1985: The input hypothesis: issues and implications. London: Longman.
28. Loschky, L. and Bley-Vroman, R. 1993: Grammar and task-based methodology. In Crookes, G. and Gass, S. M., editors, Tasks and language learning: integrating theory and practice, Clevedon: Multilingual Maters, 123-167.
29. Lott, D. 1983: Analysing and counteracting interference errors. English Language Teaching Journal 37, 256-261.
30. MacCallum, R. C. 1995: Model specification: procedures, strategies and related issues. In Hoyle, R. H., editor, Structural equation modeling: concepts, issues and applications, Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 16-36.
31. MacCallum, R. C., Roznowski, M. and Newcowitz, L. B. 1992: Model modifications in covariance structure analysis: the problem of capitalization on chance. Psychological Bulletin 111, 490-504.
32. Mangubhai, F. 1991: The processing behaviours of adult second language learners and their relationship to second language proficiency. Applied Linguistics 12, 268-298.
33. McLaughlin, B. 1987: Theories in second-language learning. London: Edward Arnold.
34. McLaughlin, B. 1990: Restructuring. Applied Linguistics 11, 113-128.
35. McLeod, B. and McLaughlin, B. 1986: Restructuring or authenticity? Reading in a second language. Language Learning 36, 108-123.
36. Microsoft Corporation 1995: Microsoft EXCEL Version 5.0.
37. Naiman, N., Fröhlich, M., Stern, H. H. and Todesco, A. 1978: The good language learner. Research in Eucation Series, 7. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
38. O'Malley, M. J. and Chamot, A. U. 1990: Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. O'Malley, M. J., Chamot, A. U., Stewner-Manzanares, G., Kupper, L. and Russo, R. 1985: Learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students. Language Learning 35, 21-46.
40. Politzer, R. L. and McGroarty, M. 1985: An exploratory study of learning behaviors and their relationship to gains in linguistic and communicative competence. TESOL Quarterly 19, 103-123.
41. Purpura, J.E. 1996: Modeling the relationships between test takers' reported cognitive and metacognitive strategy use and performance on language tests. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of TESL/Applied Linguistics, University of California, Los Angeles.
42. Purpura, J. E. 1997: An analysis of the relationships between test takers' cognitive and metacognitive strategy use and second language test performance. Language Learning 47, 289-325.
43. Purpura, J. E. in press: The development and construct validation of an instrument designed to investigate selected cognitive background characteristics of test takers. In Kunnan, A. J., editor, Issues in language testing research: conventional validity and beyond (LTRC 1995), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
44. Rabinowitz, M. and Chi, M. T. 1987: An interactive model of strategic processing. In Ceci, S. J., editor, Handbook of cognitive, social and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 93-102.
45. Reiss, M. 1983: Helping the unsuccessful language learner. The Canadian Review 39, 257-266.
46. Rubin, J. 1975: What the 'good language learner' can teach us. TESOL Quarterly 9, 41-51.
47. Rubin, J. 1981: The study of cognitive processes in second language learning. Applied Linguistics 1, 117-131.
48. Schachter, J. 1983: A new account of language transfer. In Gass, S. and Selinker, L., editors, Language transfer in language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
49. Scott-Lennox, J. A. and Lennox, R. D. 1995: Sex-race differences in social support and depression in older low-income adults. In Hoyle, R. H., editor, Structural equation modeling: concepts, issues and applications, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 199-216.
50. SPSS, Inc. 1990: SPSS-X user's guide (3rd edn). Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
51. Wesche, M. 1987: Second language performance testing: the Ontario Test of ESL as an example. Language Testing 4, 28-47.
52. Westney, P. 1994: Rules and pedagogical grammar. In Odlin, T., editor, Perspectives on pedagogical grammar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 72-96.