High levels of C-reactive protein with low total cholesterol concentrations additively predict all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery disease

European Journal of Clinical Investigation

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 104-111

  Janoskuti L ^a   Forhecz Z ^a   Hosszufalusi N ^a,b   Kleiber, M ^a   Walentin, S ^a   Balint O ^c   Duba, J ^c   Rugonfalvi Kiss, S ^a,d   Romics, L ^a,b   Karadi I ^a,b   Fust G ^a,b   Prohászka, Zoltán ^a,b  

^a SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

^b INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Hungary)

^c National Institute of Cardiology Budapest   (Hungary)

^d Natl Inst Trauma Emergency Care   (Hungary)

Author keywords

C reactive protein; Coronary artery disease; Mortality; Total cholesterol

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DRUG USE; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING HABIT; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL;

AGED; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 13544249599     PISSN: 00142972     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01465.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Pekkanen J, Linn S, Heiss G, Suchindran CM, Leon A, Rifkind BM et al. Ten-year mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to cholesterol level among men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1700-7.
2. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4,444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-9.
3. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR, MacFarlane PW et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1301-7.
4. Jacobs D, Blackburn H, Higgins M, Reed D, Iso H, McMillan G. Report of the Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: Mortality Assocs. Circulation 1992;86:1046-60.
5. Meilahn EN. Low serum cholesterol. Hazardous to health? Circulation 995;92:2365-6.
6. Fonarow GC, Horwich TB. Cholesterol and mortality in heart failure: The bad gone good? J Am Coll Card 2003;42:1941-3.
7. Elliot DC, Wiles CE III. Low lipid concentration in critical illness; hypocholesterolemia among trauma patients. Crit Care Med 1994;22:1437-9.
8. Gui D, Spada PL, De Gaetano A, Pacelli F. Hypocholesterolemia and risk of death in the critically ill surgical patient. Intensive Care Med 1996;22:790-4.
9. Fraunberger P, Nagel D, Walli AK, Seidel D. Serum cholesterol and mortality in patients with multiple organ failure. Crit Care Med 2000;28:3574-5.
10. Lowrie EG, Lew NL. Death risk in hemodialysis patients: the predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities. Am J Kidney Dis 1990;15:458-82.
11. Schatz IJ, Masaki K, Yano K, Chen R, Rodriguez BL, Curb JD. Cholesterol and all-cause mortality in elderly people from the Honolulu Heart Program: a cohort study. Lancet 2001;358:351-5.
12. Weverling-Rijnsburger AWE, Blauw GJ, Lagaay AM, Knook DL, Meinders AE, Westendorp RGJ. Total cholesterol and risk of mortality in the oldest old. Lancet 1997;350:1119-23.
13. Richartz BM, Radovancevic B, Frazier OH, Vaughn WK, Taegtmeyer H. Low serum cholesterol levels predict high perioperative mortality in patients supported by a left-ventricular assist system. Cardiology 1998;89:184-8.
14. Vredevoe DL, Woo MA, Doering LV, Brecht ML, Hamilton MA, Fonarow GC. Skin test anergy in advanced chronic heart failure secondary to either ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:323-8.
15. Horwich TB, Hamilton MA, Maclellan WR, Fonarow GC, Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure. J Card Fail 2002;8:216-24.
16. Rauchhaus M, Clark AL, Doehner W, Davos C, Bolger A, Sharma R et al. The relationship between cholesterol and survival in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1933-40.
17. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, Horwich T, Fonarow GC. Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1439-44.
18. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, Humphreys MH, Kopple JD. Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2003;63:793-808.
19. Ridker PM, Brown NJ, Vaughan DE, Harrison DG, Mehta JL. Established and emerging plasma biomarkers in the prediction of first atherothrombotic events. Circulation 2004;109:IV-6-19.
20. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1557-65.
21. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer MA, Sacks FM, Moye LA, Goldman S et al. Inflammation, pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Circulation 1998;98:839-44.
22. Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH. Inflammation, aspirin, and risks of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1997;336:973-9.
23. Quinones MA, Waggoner AD, Reduto LA, Nelson JG, Young JB, Winters WL Jr et al. A new, simplified and accurate method for determining ejection fraction with two dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 1981;64:744-53.
24. Vasan RS, Sullivan LM, Roubenoff R, Dinarello CA, Harris T, Benjamin EJ et al. Inflammatory markers and risk of heart failure in elderly subjects without prior myocardial infarcion. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2003;107:1486-91.
25. Rauchhaus M, Coats AJS, Anker SD. The endotoxin-lipoprotein hypothesis. Lancet 2000;356:930-3.
26. Deswal A, Petersen NJ, Feldman AM, Young JB, White BG, Mann DL. Cytokines and cytokine receptors in advanced heart failure. An analysis of the cytokine database from the Vesnarinone trial (VEST). Circulation 2001;103:2055-9.
27. Rauchhaus M, Koloczek V, Hans-Dieter V, Kemp M, Niebauer J, Francis DP et al. Inflammatory cytokines and the possible immunological role for lipoproteins in chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2000;76:125-33.
28. Van Lenten BJ, Fogelman AM, Haberland ME, Edwards PA. The role of lipoproteins and receptor-mediated endocytosis in the transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986;83:2704-8.
29. Netea MG, Demacker PNM, Kullberg BI, Boerman OC, Verschueren I, Stalenhoef AF et al. Low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice are protected against lethal endotoxaemia and severe gram-negative infections. J Clin Invest 1996;97:1366-72.
30. Feingold KR, Funk JL, Moser AH, Shigenaga JK, Rapp JH, Grunfeld C. Role for circulating lipoproteins in protection from endotoxin toxicity. Infect Immunol 1995;63:2041-6.
31. Rauchhaus M, Doehner W, Bolger AS, Schmidt H, Davos C. Endotoxin and severity of chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:190 (Abstract).
32. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer MA, Sacks F, Braunwald E for the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reacive protein. Circulation 1999;100:230-5.
33. Ridker PM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: potential adjunct for global risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2001;103:1813-8.
34. Horwich TB, MacLellan WR, Fonarow GC. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:642-8.
35. Mozaffarin D, Nye R, Levy WC. Statin therapy is associated with lower mortality among patients with sever heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:1124-9.