Sense of humor, childhood cancer stressors, and outcomes of psychosocial adjustment, immune function, and infection

Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 271-292

  Dowling, Jacqueline S ^a   Hockenberry, Marilyn ^b   Gregory, Richard L ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL   (United States)

^b BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Children; Sense of humor; Stress

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CANCER INCIDENCE; CHILD; CHILDHOOD CANCER; DATA ANALYSIS; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNE FUNCTION TEST; INFECTION; MALE; MEDICAL EXAMINATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; SCORING SYSTEM; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STRESS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; CHEMISTRY; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; HUMOR; IMMUNOLOGY; INCIDENCE; LIFE EVENT; MENTAL STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SALIVA; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL ADAPTATION;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY; INCIDENCE; INFECTION; LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC, ACUTE, L1; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SALIVA; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; WIT AND HUMOR;

EID: 1342310956     PISSN: 10434542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1043454203254046     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. Abdellah, F. G., & Levine, E. (1986). Better patient care through nursing research (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
2. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
3. Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
4. American Cancer Society. (2002). Cancer facts and figures. Atlanta, GA: Author.
5. Amman, A.J., & Hong, R. (1971). Selective IgA deficiency: Presentation of 30 cases and a review of the literature. Medicine, 50(3), 223-236.
6. Anderson, C. A., & Arnoult, L. H. (1989). An examination of perceived control, humor, irrational beliefs, and positive stress as moderators of the relation between negative stress and health. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 10(2), 101-117.
7. Bariaud, F. (1989). Age differences in children's humor. In P. E. McGhee (Ed.), Humor and children's development: A guide to practical applications (pp. 15-45). New York: Haworth.
8. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
9. Bellert, J. L. (1989). Humor: A therapeutic approach in oncology nursing. Cancer Nursing, 12(2), 65-70.
10. Ben-Aryeh, H., Fisher, M., Szargel, R., & Laufer, D. (1990). Composition of whole unstimulated saliva of healthy children: Changes with age. Archives of Oral Biology, 35(11), 929-931.
11. Boettcher, J. H. (1995). Children and humor. In K. Buxman & A. LeMoine (Eds.), Nursing perspectives on humor (pp. 239-257). Staten Island, NY: Power.
12. Bombeck, E. (1989). I want to grow hair, I want to grow up, I want to go to Boise: Children surviving cancer. New York: Harper and Row.
13. Bossert, E. (1994). Factors influencing the coping of hospitalized school-aged children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 9(5), 299-306.
14. Brett, K. M., & Davies, E. M. B. (1988). What does it mean? Sibling and parental appraisals of childhood leukemia. Cancer Nursing, 11(6), 329-338.
15. Bull, B. A., & Drotar, D. (1991). Coping with cancer in remission: Stressors and strategies reported by children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 16(6), 767-782.
16. Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (1997). The practice of nursing research: Conduct, critique, and utilization (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
17. Buxman, K. (1991). Humor therapy for the mentally ill. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 29(12), 15-18, 30-31.
18. Buxman, K., & LeMoine, A. (1995). (Eds.). Nursing perspectives on humor. Staten Island, NY: Power.
19. Calvo, M., Grob, K., Marin, F., Bertoglio, J., Neira, J., Arellano, P., et al. (1988). Evaluation of secretory IgA childhood respiratory diseases. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 16(3), 157-161.
20. Chang, P., Nesbit, M. E., Youngren, N., & Robison, L. L. (1988). Personality characteristics and psychosocial adjustment of long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 5(4), 43-58.
21. Chapman, A. J., Smith, J. R., & Foot, H. C. (1980). Humour, laughter, and social interaction. In P. E. McGhee & A. J. Chapman (Eds.), Children's humour (pp. 141-180). Chichester, UK: John Wiley.
22. Cohen, M. (1990). Caring for ourselves can be funny business. Holistic Nursing Practice, 4, 1-11.
23. D'Antonio, I. J. (1989). The use of humor with children in hospital settings. In P. E. McGhee (Ed.), Humor and children's development: A guide to practical applications (pp. 157-169). New York: Haworth.
24. Dens, F., Boute, P., Vinckier, F., & Declerck, D. (1995). Quantitative determination of immunologic components of salivary gland secretion in long-term, event-free pediatric oncology patients. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics, 79(6), 701-704.
25. Dillon, L. M., Minchoff, B., & Baker, K. H. (1985). Positive emotional states and enhancement of the immune system. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 15, 13-18.
26. Dowling, J. S., & Fain, J. A. (1999). A multidimensional sense of humor scale for school-aged children: Issues of reliability and validity. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 14(1), 38-43.
27. Dunsmore, J., & Quine, S. (1995). Information, support, and decision-making needs and preferences of adolescents with cancer: Implications for health professionals. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 13(4), 39-56.
28. Erdman, L. (1993). Laughter therapy for patients with cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 11(4), 55-67.
29. Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Coping as a mediator of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(3), 466-475.
30. Frankenfield, P. K. (1996). The power of humor and play as nursing interventions for a child with cancer: A case report. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 13(1), 15-20.
31. Franzini, L. R. (2002). Kids who laugh: How to develop your child's sense of humor. Garden City Park, NY: SquareOne.
32. Freifeld, A. G., Hathorn, J. W., & Pizzo, P. A. (1993). Infectious complications in the pediatric cancer patient. In P. A. Pizzo & D. G. Poplack (Eds.), Principles and practice of pediatric oncology (2nd ed., pp. 987-1019). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.
33. Freud, S. (1960). Jokes and their relation to the unconscious. James Stanchey (Ed.). New York: W. W. Norton and Company.
34. Garmezy, N. (1987). Stress, competence, and development: Continuities in the study of schizophrenic adults, children vulnerable to psychopathology, and the search for stress-resistant children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(2), 159-174.
35. Garmezy, N., & Rutter, M. (Eds.). (1983). Stress, coping and development in children. New York: McGraw-Hill.
36. Gentle, A., Warnock, D. W., & Eden, O. B. (1984). Prevalence of oral colonization with Candida albicans, and anti-C albicans IgA in the saliva of normal children and children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Mycopathogia, 87, 111-114.
37. Gottleib, S., & Portnoy, S. (1988). The role of play in a pediatric bone marrow transplantation unit. Children's Health Care, 16(3), 177-181.
38. Gray, R. E., Doan, B. D., Shermer, P., Fitzgerald, A. V., Berry, M. P., Jenkin, D., et al. (1992). Psychologic adaptation of survivors of childhood cancer. Cancer, 70(11), 2713-2721.
39. Gregory, R. L. (1994). The biological role and clinical implications of IgA. Laboratory Medicine, 25(11), 724-728.
40. Groves, D. F. (1991). "A merry heart doeth good like a medicine . . ." Holistic Nursing Practice., 5(4), 49-56.
41. Hamner, S. B., & Miles, M. S. (1988). Coping strategies in children with cancer undergoing bone marrow aspirations. Journal of the Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses, 5, 11-15.
42. Herth, K. A. (1995). Humor's role in terminal illness. In K. Buxman & A. LeMoine (Eds.), Nursing perspectives on humor (pp. 217-230). Staten Island, NY: Power.
43. Hockenberry-Eaton, M., Kemp, V., & Dilorio, C. (1994). Cancer stressors and protective factors: Predictors of stress experienced during treatment for childhood cancer. Research in Nursing and Health, 17, 351-361.
44. Hockenberry-Eaton, M., Manteuffel, B., & Bottomley, S. (1997). Development of two instruments examining stress and adjustment in children with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 14(3), 178-185.
45. Hockenberry-Eaton, M., & Minick, P. (1994). Living with cancer: Children with extraordinary courage. Oncology Nursing Forum, 21(6), 1025-1031.
46. Jemmott, J. B., & McClelland, D. C. (1989, summer). Secretory IgA as a measure of resistance to infectious disease. Behavioral Medicine, 15, 63-71.
47. Johnson, J. H. (1986). Life events as stressors in childhood and adolescents. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
48. Karian, V. E., Jankowski, S. M., & Beal, J. A. (1998). Exploring the lived-experience of childhood cancer survivors. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 15(3), 153-162.
49. Keene, N., Hobbie, W., & Ruccione, K. (2000). Childhood cancer survivors: A practical guide to your future. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly.
50. Kikuchi, J. (1977). An adolescent boy's adjustment to leukemia. Maternal-Child Nursing Journal, 6(1), 37-49.
51. Kisner, B. (1994). The use of humor in the treatment of people with cancer. In E. S. Buckman (Ed.), Handbook of humor: Clinical applications in psychotherapy (pp. 133-154). Melbourne, FL: Krieger.
52. Kohler, G., & Ruch, W. (1996). Sources of variance in current sense of humor inventories: How much substance, how much method variance? International Journal of Humor Research, 9(3/4), 363-397.
53. Koocher, G. P., & O'Malley, J. E. (1981). The Damocles syndrome. New York: McGraw-Hill.
54. Labott, S. M., Ahleman, S., Wolever, M. E., & Martin, R. B. (1990). The physiological and psychological effects of the expression and inhibition of emotions. Behavioral Medicine, 16, 182-189.
55. Lambert, R. B., & Lambert, N. K. (1995). The effects of humor on secretory immunoglobulin A levels in school-aged children. Pediatric Nursing, 21(1), 16-19.
56. LaMontagne, L. L. (1984). Children's locus of control beliefs as predictors of preoperative coping behaviors. Nursing Research, 33(2), 76-85.
57. LaMontagne, L. L. (1987). Children's preoperative coping: Replication and extension. Nursing Research, 36(3), 163-167.
58. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
59. Lefcourt, H. M., & Martin, R. A. (1986). Humor and life stress: Antidote to adversity. New York: Springer-Verlag.
60. Leiber, D. B. (1986). Laughter and humor in critical care. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 5(3), 162-170.
61. Levine, J. (1980). The clinical use of humor in work with children. In P. E. McGhee & A. J. Chapman (Eds.), Children's humour (pp. 255-280). Chichester, UK: John Wiley.
62. Lindley, P., & Walker, S. N. (1993). Theoretical and methodological differentiation of moderation and mediation. Nursing Research, 42(5), 276-279.
63. LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (1994). Nursing research: Methods, critical appraisal, and utilization (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby.
64. Mansson-Rahemtulla, B., Techanitiswad, T., Rahemtulla, F., McMillan, T. T., Bradley, E. L., & Wahlin, Y. B. (1992). Analysis of salivary components in leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology, 73(1), 35-46.
65. Martin, R. A. (1989) Humor and the mastery of living: Using humor to cope with the daily stresses of growing up. Journal of Children in Contemporary Society, 21(2), 135-152.
66. Martin, R. A., & Dobbin, J. P. (1988). Sense of humor, hassles, and immunoglobulin A: Evidence for a stress-moderating effect of humor. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 18, 93-105.
67. Martin, R. A., & Lefcourt, H. M. (1983). Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between stressors and moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(6), 1313-1324.
68. Martin, R. A., Kuiper, N. A., Olinger, J., & Dance, K. A. (1993). Humor: Coping with stress, self-concept, and psychological well-being. International Journal of Humor Research, 6(1), 89-104.
69. Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper and Row.
70. Masten, A. S. (1986). Humor and competence in school-age children. Child Development, 57, 461-473.
71. Mateo, M. A., & Kirchoff, K. T. (1991). Conducting and using nursing research in the clinical setting. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
72. May, R. (1953). Man's search for himself. New York: Random House.
73. McClelland, D. C., & Cheriff, A. D. (1997). The immunoenhancing effects of humor on secretory IgA and resistance to respiratory infections. Psychology and Health, 12, 329-344.
74. McCloskey, J. C., & Bulechek, G. M. (Eds.). (1995). Nursing interventions classification (NIC) (2nd ed.). St. Louis: C.V. Mosby.
75. McDonald, J. T. (2001). Helping adolescents cope with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 18(3), 138-139.
76. McGhee, P. E. (1979). Humor: Its origin and development. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
77. McGhee, P. E. (1980). Development of the sense of humour in childhood: A longitudinal study. In P. E. McGhee & A. J. Chapman (Eds.), Children's humour (pp. 213-236). Chichester, UK: John Wiley.
78. McGhee, P. E. (1994). How to develop your sense of humor. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
79. Melnyk, B. M. (1994). Coping with unplanned childhood hospitalization: Effects of informational interventions on mothers and children. Nursing Research, 43(1), 31-36.
80. Minden, P. (1994). Humor: A corrective emotional experience. In E. S. Buckman (Ed.), Handbook of humor: Clinical applications in psychotherapy (pp. 123-132). Melbourne, FL: Krieger.
81. Moore, I. D., & Ruccione, K. (1989). Challenges to conducting research with children with cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 16(4), 587-589.
82. Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., & Blissett, S. E. (1988). Sense of humor as a moderator of the relations between stressful events and psychological distress: A prospective analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(3), 520-525.
83. Nuesslein, T. G., Goebel, C., Riedel, F., Printz, H., & Rieger, H. L. (1995). The concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and specific S-IgA antibodies in the saliva of school children. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 371B, 1167-1171.
84. Osterlund, H. (1983). Humor: A serious approach to patient care. Nursing, 83(12), 46-47.
85. Overbaugh, K. A., & Sawin, K. (1992). Future life expectations and self-esteem of the adolescent survivor of childhood cancer. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 9(1), 8-16.
86. Overholser, J. C. (1992). Sense of humor when coping with life stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(7), 799-804.
87. Pien, D., & Rothbart, M. K. (1980). Incongruity humour, play, and self-regulation of arousal in young children. In P. E. McGhee & A. J. Chapman (Eds.), Children's humour (pp. 1-26). Chichester, UK: John Wiley.
88. Porterfield, A. L. (1987). Does sense of humor moderate the impact of life stress on psychological and physical well-being? Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 306-317.
89. Robinson, V. R. (1991). Humor and the health professions (2nd ed.). Thorofare, NJ: SLACK.
90. Rose, P. T., Gregory, R. L., Gfell, L. E., & Hughes, C. V. (1994). IgA antibodies to Streptococcus mutans in caries-resistant and -susceptible children. Pediatric Dentistry, 16(4), 272-275.
91. Ryan, N. M. (1988). The stress-coping process in school-age children: Gaps in the knowledge needed for health promotion. Advances in Nursing Science, 11(1), 1-12.
92. Ryan, N. M. (1989). Stress-coping strategies identified from school age children's perspective. Research in Nursing and Health, 12, 111-122.
93. Sanger, M. S., Copeland, D. R., & Davidson, E. R. (1991). Psychosocial adjustment among pediatric cancer patients: A multidimensional assessment. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 16(4), 463-474.
94. Siegel, B. S. (1986). Love, medicine, and miracles. New York: Harper and Row.
95. Simon, J. M. (1988). The therapeutic value of humor in aging adults. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 14(8), 8-13.
96. Simon, J. M. (1989). Humor techniques for oncology nurses. Oncology Nursing Forum, 16(5), 667-670.
97. Simons, C. J., McCluskey-Fawcett, K. A., & Papini, D. R. (1986). Theoretical and functional perspectives on the development of humor during infancy, childhood and adolescence. In L. Nahemow, K. A. McCluskey-Fawcett, & P. E. McGhee (Eds.), Humor and aging (pp. 53-80). London: Academic Press.
98. Stevens, M. (1989). Coping strategies of hospitalized adolescents. Children's Health Care, 18(3), 163-169.
99. Stone, A. A., Cox, D. S., Valdimarsdotir, H., & Neale, J. M. (1987). Secretory IgA as a measure of immunocompetence. Journal of Human Stress, 13, 136-140.
100. Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1991). Measurement of sense of humor. Psychological Reports, 69, 691-702.
101. Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1993). Development and validation of a multidimensional sense of humor scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(1), 13-23.
102. Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1994, June). Psychometric properties of the multidimensional sense of humor scale. In W. Ruch (Chair), Approaches to the sense of humor: Concepts and measurement. Symposium conducted at the International Society for Humor Studies, Ithaca, New York.
103. Townsend, C. H. (1994). Humor and elderly caregivers. Home Healthcare Nurse, 12(6), 35-41.
104. Vaillant, G. E., & Vaillant, C. O. (1990). Natural history of male psychological health, XII: A 45-year study of predictors of successful aging at age 65. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147(1), 31-37.
105. vanVeldhuizen, A. M., & Last, B. F. (1991). Children with cancer: Communications and emotions. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger.
106. Ventis, W. L., & Ventis, D. G. (1989). Guidelines for using humor in therapy with children and young adolescents. Journal of Children in Contemporary Society, 20(1-2), 179-197.
107. Walker, C. L., Wells, L., Heiney, S. P., Hymovich, D. P., & Weekes, D. P. (1993). Nursing management of psychosocial care. In G. V. Foley, D. Fochtman, & K. H. Mooney (Eds.), Nursing care of the child with cancer (2nd ed., pp. 397-434). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
108. Waltz, C. F., Strickland, O. L., & Lenz, E. R. (1991). Measurement in nursing research (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
109. Weintraub, M. H. (1993). Nursing management of the child or adolescent with infection. In G. V. Foley, D. Fochtman, & K. H. Mooney (Eds.), Nursing care of the child with cancer (2nd ed., pp. 372-384). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
110. Wilwerding, L. E. (1998). On being there. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 15(2), 103-104.
111. Yura-Petro, H. (1991). Humor: A research and practice tool for nurse scholar-supervisors, practitioners, and educators. Health Care Supervisor, 9(4), 1-8.