메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 145-160

Is the North Atlantic Oscillation a breaking wave?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES;

EID: 1342308722     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0145:ITNAOA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (214)

References (38)
  • 1
    • 0037099035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NAO troposphere-stratosphere connection
    • Ambaum, M. H. P., and B. J. Hoskins, 2002: The NAO troposphere-stratosphere connection. J. Climate, 15, 1969-1978.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1969-1978
    • Ambaum, M.H.P.1    Hoskins, B.J.2
  • 2
    • 1342308725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synoptic view of the North Atlantic Oscillation
    • Benedict, J. J., S. Lee, and S. B. Feldstein, 2004: Synoptic view of the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 121-144.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 121-144
    • Benedict, J.J.1    Lee, S.2    Feldstein, S.B.3
  • 3
    • 77049083098 scopus 로고
    • Atlantic air-sea interaction
    • Academic Press
    • Bjerknes, J., 1964: Atlantic air-sea interaction. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 10, Academic Press, 1-82.
    • (1964) Advances in Geophysics , vol.10 , pp. 1-82
    • Bjerknes, J.1
  • 4
    • 0024837528 scopus 로고
    • Effect of surface fluxes on the nonlinear development of baroclinic waves
    • Branscome, L. E., W. J. Gutowski Jr., and D. A. Stewart, 1989: Effect of surface fluxes on the nonlinear development of baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 460-475.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 460-475
    • Branscome, L.E.1    Gutowski Jr., W.J.2    Stewart, D.A.3
  • 5
    • 0027037269 scopus 로고
    • The maintenance of low-frequency anomalies
    • Branstator, G. W. 1992: The maintenance of low-frequency anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1924-1945.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 1924-1945
    • Branstator, G.W.1
  • 6
    • 0025635298 scopus 로고
    • Symbiotic relation between planetary and synoptic-scale waves
    • Cai, M., and M. Mak, 1990: Symbiotic relation between planetary and synoptic-scale waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2953-2968.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 2953-2968
    • Cai, M.1    Mak, M.2
  • 7
    • 0035869787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed nonmodal growth of the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern
    • Cash, B. A., and S. Lee, 2001: Observed nonmodal growth of the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern. J. Climate, 14, 1017-1028.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 1017-1028
    • Cash, B.A.1    Lee, S.2
  • 8
    • 0027868367 scopus 로고
    • Downstream development of baroclinic waves as inferred from regression analysis
    • Chang, E. K. M., 1993: Downstream development of baroclinic waves as inferred from regression analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2038-2053.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 2038-2053
    • Chang, E.K.M.1
  • 9
    • 0001803347 scopus 로고
    • Die Schwankungen der atmosphärischen Zirkulation über dem nordatlantischen Ozean im 25-jährigen Zeitraum 1881-1905
    • Defant, A., 1924: Die Schwankungen der atmosphärischen Zirkulation über dem nordatlantischen Ozean im 25-jährigen Zeitraum 1881-1905. Geogr. Ann., 6, 13-41.
    • (1924) Geogr. Ann. , vol.6 , pp. 13-41
    • Defant, A.1
  • 10
    • 0028590515 scopus 로고
    • A weakly nonlinear primitive equation baroclinic life cycle
    • Feldstein, S. B., 1994: A weakly nonlinear primitive equation baroclinic life cycle. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 23-34.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 23-34
    • Feldstein, S.B.1
  • 11
    • 0036541427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamental mechanisms of PNA growth and decay
    • Feldstein, S. B., 2002: Fundamental mechanisms of PNA growth and decay. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 775-796.
    • (2002) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.128 , pp. 775-796
    • Feldstein, S.B.1
  • 12
    • 0037258673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay
    • Feldstein, S. B., 2003: The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 901-924.
    • (2003) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.129 , pp. 901-924
    • Feldstein, S.B.1
  • 13
    • 0035302055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teleconnections and low-frequency variability in idealized experiments with two storm tracks
    • Franzke, C., K. Fraedrich, and F. Lunkeit, 2001: Teleconnections and low-frequency variability in idealized experiments with two storm tracks. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1321-1339.
    • (2001) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.127 , pp. 1321-1339
    • Franzke, C.1    Fraedrich, K.2    Lunkeit, F.3
  • 14
    • 0020968337 scopus 로고
    • A unified three-dimensional instability theory of the onset of blocking and cyclogenesis. II: Teleconnection patterns
    • Frederiksen, J. S., 1983: A unified three-dimensional instability theory of the onset of blocking and cyclogenesis. II: Teleconnection patterns. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2593-2609.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 2593-2609
    • Frederiksen, J.S.1
  • 15
    • 0028669607 scopus 로고
    • A proposal for the intercomparison of the dynamical cores of atmospheric general circulation models
    • Held, I. M., and M. J. Suarez, 1994: A proposal for the intercomparison of the dynamical cores of atmospheric general circulation models. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1825-1830.
    • (1994) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 1825-1830
    • Held, I.M.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 16
    • 0027829105 scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency synoptic-eddy activity in the Pacific storm track
    • Higgins, R. W., and S. D. Schubert, 1993: Low-frequency synoptic-eddy activity in the Pacific storm track. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1672-1690.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 1672-1690
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Schubert, S.D.2
  • 17
    • 84981632638 scopus 로고
    • A multi-layer spectral model and the semi-implicit method
    • Hoskins, B. J., and A. J. Simmons, 1975: A multi-layer spectral model and the semi-implicit method. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor Soc., 101, 637-655.
    • (1975) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor Soc. , vol.101 , pp. 637-655
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Simmons, A.J.2
  • 18
    • 0019697466 scopus 로고
    • The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing
    • Hoskins, B. J., and D. J. Karoly, 1981: The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1179-1196.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1179-1196
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Karoly, D.J.2
  • 19
    • 0022167076 scopus 로고
    • On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps
    • Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877-946.
    • (1985) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.111 , pp. 877-946
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    McIntyre, M.E.2    Robertson, A.W.3
  • 20
    • 0029479274 scopus 로고
    • Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional temperatures and precipitation
    • Hurrell, J. W., 1995: Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional temperatures and precipitation. Science, 269, 676-679.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 676-679
    • Hurrell, J.W.1
  • 21
    • 0001254163 scopus 로고
    • Concerning the effect of surface drag on the circulation of a baroclinic planetary atmosphere
    • James, I. N., and L. J. Gray, 1986: Concerning the effect of surface drag on the circulation of a baroclinic planetary atmosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 1231-1250.
    • (1986) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 1231-1250
    • James, I.N.1    Gray, L.J.2
  • 22
    • 0028570739 scopus 로고
    • Wave-zonal-flow interaction and ultra-low-frequency variability in a simplified global circulation model
    • James, P. M., K. Fraedrich, and I. N. James, 1994: Wave-zonal-flow interaction and ultra-low-frequency variability in a simplified global circulation model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 1045-1067.
    • (1994) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.120 , pp. 1045-1067
    • James, P.M.1    Fraedrich, K.2    James, I.N.3
  • 23
    • 0035482947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hadley cell dynamics in a primitive equation model. Part I: Axisymmetric flow
    • Kim, H.-K., and S. Lee, 2001a: Hadley cell dynamics in a primitive equation model. Part I: Axisymmetric flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2845-2858.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 2845-2858
    • Kim, H.-K.1    Lee, S.2
  • 24
    • 0035482948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hadley cell dynamics in a primitive equation model. Part II: Non-axisymmetric flow
    • Kim, H.-K., and S. Lee, 2001b: Hadley cell dynamics in a primitive equation model. Part II: Non-axisymmetric flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2859-2871.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 2859-2871
    • Kim, H.-K.1    Lee, S.2
  • 25
    • 0026296617 scopus 로고
    • Variability of the baroclinic and barotropic transient eddy forcing associated with monthly changes in the midlatitude storm tracks
    • Lau, N.-C., and M. J. Nath, 1991: Variability of the baroclinic and barotropic transient eddy forcing associated with monthly changes in the midlatitude storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2589-2613.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 2589-2613
    • Lau, N.-C.1    Nath, M.J.2
  • 26
    • 0034129166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barotropic effects on atmospheric storm tracks
    • Lee, S., 2000: Barotropic effects on atmospheric storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1420-1435.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 1420-1435
    • Lee, S.1
  • 27
    • 0030477655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two types of wave breaking in an aquaplanet GCM
    • Lee, S., and S. B. Feldstein, 1996: Two types of wave breaking in an aquaplanet GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 842-857.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 842-857
    • Lee, S.1    Feldstein, S.B.2
  • 28
    • 0035714103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic climate variability: Phenomena, impacts and mechanisms
    • and Coauthors
    • Marshall, J., and Coauthors, 2001: North Atlantic climate variability: Phenomena, impacts and mechanisms. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1863-1898.
    • (2001) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.21 , pp. 1863-1898
    • Marshall, J.1
  • 29
    • 0035862096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troposphere-stratosphere dynamic coupling under strong and weak polar vortex conditions
    • Perlwitz, J., and H.-F. Graf, 2001: Troposphere-stratosphere dynamic coupling under strong and weak polar vortex conditions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 271-274.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 271-274
    • Perlwitz, J.1    Graf, H.-F.2
  • 30
    • 0026303541 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of low-frequency variability in a simple model of the global atmosphere
    • Robinson, W. A., 1991: The dynamics of low-frequency variability in a simple model of the global atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 429-441.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 429-441
    • Robinson, W.A.1
  • 31
    • 0343798547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed winter cyclone tracks in the Northern Hemisphere in re-analysed ECMWF data
    • Sickmöller, M., R. Blender, and K. Fraedrich, 2000: Observed winter cyclone tracks in the Northern Hemisphere in re-analysed ECMWF data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 591-620.
    • (2000) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 591-620
    • Sickmöller, M.1    Blender, R.2    Fraedrich, K.3
  • 32
    • 0020969554 scopus 로고
    • Barotropic wave propagation and instability, and atmospheric teleconnection patterns
    • Simmons, A. J., J. M. Wallace, and G. W. Branstator, 1983: Barotropic wave propagation and instability, and atmospheric teleconnection patterns. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1363-1392.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 1363-1392
    • Simmons, A.J.1    Wallace, J.M.2    Branstator, G.W.3
  • 33
    • 0037096638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric connection to Northern Hemisphere wintertime weather: Implications for prediction
    • Thompson, D. W. J., M. P. Baldwin, and J. M. Wallace, 2002: Stratospheric connection to Northern Hemisphere wintertime weather: Implications for prediction. J. Climate, 15, 1421-1428.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1421-1428
    • Thompson, D.W.J.1    Baldwin, M.P.2    Wallace, J.M.3
  • 35
    • 0032577959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures
    • Trenberth, K. E., G. W. Branstator, D. Karoly, A. Kumar, N.-C. Lau, and C. Ropelewski, 1998: Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 291-14 324.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 14291-14324
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Branstator, G.W.2    Karoly, D.3    Kumar, A.4    Lau, N.-C.5    Ropelewski, C.6
  • 36
    • 0024223670 scopus 로고
    • On the source of midlatitude low-frequency variability. Part II: Nonlinear equilibration of weather regimes
    • Vautard, R., and B. Legras, 1988: On the source of midlatitude low-frequency variability. Part II: Nonlinear equilibration of weather regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2845-2867.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 2845-2867
    • Vautard, R.1    Legras, B.2
  • 38
    • 0037187586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological responses to recent climate change
    • and Coauthors
    • Walther, G.-R., and Coauthors, 2002: Ecological responses to recent climate change, Nature, 416, 389-395.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 389-395
    • Walther, G.-R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.