To test or not to test: Do workplace drug testing programs discourage employee drug use?

Social Science Research

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 45-63

  French, Michael T ^a   Roebuck, Christopher ^b   Alexandre, Pierre Kébreau ^c  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b AdvancePCS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

Drug testing; Employee drug use; Workplace programs

Indexed keywords

EID: 1342306397     PISSN: 0049089X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0049-089X(03)00038-3     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Axel, H., 1989. Characteristics of firms with drug testing programs. In: Drugs in the Workplace: Research and Evaluation Data. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Monograph 91, Rockville, MD.
2. Caulkins, J.P., Rydell, C.P., Schwabe, W.L., Chiesa, J., 1997. Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentences. Throwing Away the Key or the Taxpayers' Money. Rand, Santa Monica, CA.
3. Chaloupka, F.J., Pacula, R.L., Farrelly, M.C., Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., 1999. Do higher cigarette prices encourage youth to use marijuana? Working Paper No. W6939. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA.
4. Falck, R.S., Siegal, H.A., Forney, M.A., Wang, J., 1992. The validity of injection drug users self-reported use of opiates and cocaine. Journal of Drug Issues 22, 823-832.
5. Farrelly, M.C., Bray, J.W., Zarkin, G.A., Wendling, B.W., Pacula, R.L., 1999. The effects of prices and policies on the demand for marijuana: evidence from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse. Working Paper No. W6940. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA.
6. Feng, W., Zhou, W., Butler, J.S., Booth, B.M., French, M.T., 2001. The impact of problem drinking on employment. Health Economics 10 (6), 509-521.
7. French, M.T., Salomé, H.J., Sindelar, J.L., McLellan, A.T., 2002. Benefit-cost analysis of addiction treatment: methodological guidelines and empirical application using the DATCAP and ASI. Health Services Research 37 (2), 433-455.
8. French, M.T., Salomé, H.J., Krupski, A., McKay, J.R., Donovan, D.M., McLellan, A.T., Durell, J., 2000. Benefit-cost analysis of residential and outpatient addiction treatment in the state of Washington. Evaluation Review 24 (6), 609-634.
9. Greene, W.H., 2000. Econometric Analysis, fourth ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
10. Harrison, L.D., 1995. The validity of self-reported data on drug use. Journal of Drug Issues 25, 91-111.
11. Harrison, L.D., 1997. The validity of self-reported drug use in survey research: an overview and critique of research methods. NIDA Research Monograph 167, 17-36.
12. Hartwell, T.D., Steele, P.D., French, M.T., Rodman, N.A., 1996. Prevalence of drug testing in the workplace. Monthly Labor Review 119 (11), 35-42.
13. Harwood, H., Fountain, D., Livermore, G., 1998. The Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the United States, 1992. (98-4327). National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD.
14. Hayghe, H.B., 1991. Survey of employer anti-drug programs. In: Drugs in the Workplace: Research and Evaluation Data. In: Gust, S., Walsh, J., Thomas, L., Crouch, D. (Eds.),. NIDA Research Monograph 100, vol. II. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research, Rockville, MD, pp. 177-207.
15. Hersh, D., Mulgrew, C.L., Van Kirk, J., Kranzler, H.R., 1999. The validity of self-reported cocaine use in two groups of cocaine abusers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 67 (1), 37-42.
16. Horowitz, J.L., 2000. Should the DEA's STRIDE data be used for economic analysis of markets for illegal drugs? University of Iowa, Mimeo.
17. Lange, W.R., Cabanilla, B.R., Moler, G., Bernachi, E.J., Frankenfield, D.L., Fudala, P.J., 1994. Preemployment drug screening at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1989 and 1991. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 20 (1), 35-46.
18. McDaniel, M.A., 1988. Does pre-employment drug use predict on-the-job suitability? Personnel Psychology 41, 717-729.
19. McGuire, T.G., Ruhm, C.J., 1993. Workplace drug abuse policy. Journal of Health Economics 12, 19-38.
20. National Research Council-Institute of Medicine (NRC-IOM), 1994. Under the Influence? In: Normand, J., Lempert, R.O., O'Brien, C.P. (Eds.), Drugs and the American Work Force, vol. I. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
21. National Research Council, 2001. Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs: What We Don't Know Keeps Hurting Us. In: Manski, C.F., Pepper, J.V., Petrie, C.V. (Eds.), Committee on Data and Research for Policy on Illegal Drugs. Committee on Law and Justice and Committee on National Statistics. Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
22. Normand, J., Lempert, R., O'Brien, C. (Eds.), 1994. Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force (Vol. I). National Research Council/Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
23. Normand, J., Salyards, S.D., Mahoney, J.J., 1990. An evaluation of preemployment drug testing. Journal of Applied Psychology 75 (6), 629-639.
24. Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), 1996. The National Drug Control Strategy. Office of National Drug Control Policy, White House, Washington, DC.
25. Rees, D.I., Argys, L.M., Averett, S.L., 2001. New evidence on the relationship between substance use and adolescent sexual behavior. Journal of Health Economics 20 (2001), 835-845.
26. Rice, D.P., Kelman, S., Miller, L.S., 1991. Estimates of economic costs of alcohol and drug abuse and mental illness, 1985 and 1988. Public Health Reports 106 (3), 280-292.
27. Rouse, B., Kozel, N., Richards, L. (Eds.), 1985. Self-Report Methods of Estimating Drug Use: Meeting Current Challenges to Validity. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD.
28. Ryan, J., Zwerling, C., Jones, M., 1992. The effectiveness of preemployment drug screening in the prediction of employment outcome. Journal of Occupational Medicine 34 (11), 1057-1063.
29. Rydell, C.P., Everingham, S.S., 1994. Controlling Cocaine: Supply Versus Demand Programs. Prepared for the Office of National Drug Control Policy. United States Army. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.
30. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 1999a. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Public Release Codebook 1997. US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.
31. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 1999b. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1997. US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.
32. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2000a. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Public Release Codebook 1998. US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.
33. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2000b. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1998. US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.
34. Sujak, D.A., Villanova, P., Daly, J.P., 1995. The effects of drug-testing program characteristics on applicants' attitudes toward potential employment. The Journal of Psychology 29 (4), 401-416.
35. Thompson, F., Riccucci, N., Ban, C., 1991. Drug testing in the federal workplace: an instrumental and symbolic assessment. Public Administration Review 51 (6), 515-525.
36. Trice, H.M., Steele, P.D., 1995. Impairment testing: issues and convergence with Employee Assistance Programs. The Journal of Drug Issues 25 (2), 471-503.
37. Turner, C., Lessler, J., Devore, J., 1992. Effects of mode of administration and wording on reporting of drug use. In: Survey Measurement of Drug Use: Methodological Studies. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD.
38. Weiss, R.D., Najavits, L.M., Greenfield, S.F., Soto, J.A., Shaw, S.R., Wyner, D., 1998. Validity of substance use self-reports in dually diagnosed outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry 155 (1), 127-128.
39. Zanis, D.A., McLellan, A.T., Randall, M., 1994. Can you trust patient self-reports of drug use during treatment? Drug and Alcohol Dependence 35, 127-132.
40. Zarkin, G.A., Lindrooth, R.C., Demiralp, B., Wechsberg, W., 2001. The cost and cost-effectiveness of an enhanced intervention for people with substance abuse problems at risk for HIV. Health Services Research 36 (2), 335-356.
41. Zwerling, C., Ryan, J., Orav, E.J., 1990. The efficacy of preemployment drug screening for marijuana and cocaine in predicting employment outcome. Journal of the American Medical Association 264 (20), 2639-2643.
42. Zwerling, C., Ryan, J., Orav, E.J., 1992. Costs and benefits of preemployment drug screening. Journal of the American Medical Association 267 (1), 91-93.