Availability, accessibility, and subliminal perception

Consciousness and Cognition

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 92-100

  Kihlstrom, John F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCEPT FORMATION; HUMAN; MEMORY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NOTE; PERCEPTION; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; RECALL; RECOGNITION; THINKING;

EID: 1342269847     PISSN: 10538100     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2003.09.004     Document Type: Note

References (70)

1. Adams J.K. Laboratory studies of behavior without awareness. Psychological Bulletin. 54:1957;383-405.
2. Ballard P.B. Oblivescence and reminiscence. British Journal of Psychology. 1:1913;. (Monograph Supplement).
3. Bornstein R.F. Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968-1987. Psychological Bulletin. 106:1989;265-289.
4. Bornstein R.F. Subliminal mere exposure effects. Bornstein R.F., Pittman T.S. Perception without awareness: Cognitive clinical and social perspectives. 1992;191-210 Guilford, New York.
5. Bornstein R.F. Implicit perception, implicit memory, and the recovery of unconscious material in psychotherapy. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 181:1993;337-344.
6. Bowers K.S. On being unconsciously influenced and informed. Bowers K.S., Meichenbaum d.H. The unconscious reconsidered. 1984;227-272 Wiley-Interscience, New York.
7. Bruner J.S., Klein G.S. The function of perceiving: New Look retrospect. Wapner W., Kaplan B. Perspectives in psychological theory: Essays in honor of Heinz Werner. 1960;61-77 International Universities Press, New York.
8. Bruner J.S., Krech D. Perception and personality. 1950;Duke University Press, Durham, NC.
9. Cheesman J., Merikle P.M. Priming with and without awareness. Perception & Psychophysics. 36:1984;387-395.
10. Cheesman J., Merikle P.M. Word recognition and consciousness. Besner D., Waller T.G., MacKinnon G.E. Reading research: Advances in theory and practice. 1985;311-352 Academic, New York.
11. Coover J.E. Experiments in psychical research. Vol. 1:1917;Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
12. Dixon, N. F. (1971). Subliminal perception: The nature of a controversy. London
13. Dixon, N. F. (1981). Preconscious processing. Chichester, UK
14. Dorfman J., Kihlstrom J.F., Cork R.C., Misiaszek J. Priming and recognition in ECT-induced amnesia. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2(2):1995;244-248.
15. Dorfman J., Shames V.A., Kihlstrom J.F. Intuition, incubation, and insight: Implicit cognition in problem solving. Underwood G. Implicit cognition. 1996;257-296 Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, UK.
16. Draine S.C., Greenwald A.G. Replicable unconscious semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Pychology: General. 127(3):1998;286-303.
17. Dulany D.E. Consciousness in the explicit (deliberative) and implicit (evocative). Cohen J., Schooler J. Scientific approaches to the question of consciousness. 1997;179-211 Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
18. Dunlap K. Effect of imperceptible shadows on the judgments of distance. Psychological Review. 7:1900;435-453.
19. Ellenberger H.F. The discovery of the unconscious: The history and evolution of dynamic psychiatry. 1970;Basic Books, New York.
20. Erdelyi M.H. A new look at the New Look: Perceptual defense and vigilance. Psychological Review. 81:1974;1-25.
21. Erdelyi M.H. The recovery of unconscious memories: Hypermnesia and reminiscence. 1996;The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, US.
22. Erdelyi M.H. Subliminal perception and its cognates: Theory, indeterminacy, and time. Consciousness and Cognition. 13:2004;73-91.
23. Erdelyi M.H., Becker J. Hypermnesia for pictures: Incremental memory for pictures but not words in multiple recall trials. Cognitive Psychology. 6:1974;159-171.
24. Erdelyi M.H., Kleinbard J. Has Ebbinghaus decayed with time? The grown of recall (hypermnesia) over days. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 118:1978;245-254.
25. Eriksen C.W. Subception: Fact or artifact? Psychological Review. 63:1956;74-80.
26. Eriksen C.W. Unconscious processes. Jones M.R. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1958. Vol. 6:1958;169-277 University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NB.
27. Eriksen C.W. Discrimination and learning without awareness: A methodological survey and evaluation. Psychological Review. 67:1960;279-300.
28. Goldiamond I. Indicators of perception: I. Subliminal perception, subception, unconscious perception: an analysis in terms of psychophysical indicator methodology. Psychological Bulletin. 55:1958;373-411.
29. Greenwald A.G., Draine S.C., Abrams R.L. Three cognitive markers of unconscious semantic activation. Science. 273:1996;1699-1702.
30. Greenwald A.G., Klinger M.R., Liu T.J. Unconscious processing of dichoptically masked words. Memory & Cognition. 17:1989;35-47.
31. Greenwald A.G., Klinger M.R., Schuh E.S. Activation by marginally peceptible ("subliminal") stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 124:1995;22-42.
32. Herbart, J. F. (1816/1881). A textbook in psychology: An attempt to found the science of psychology on experience, metaphysics and mathematics. New York: Appleton
33. Holender D. Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and appraisal. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 9:1986;1-23.
34. Ionescu M.D., Erdelyi M.H. The direct recovery of subliminal stimuli. Bornstein R.F., Pittman T.S. Peception without awareness: Cognitive clinical and social perspectives. 1992;143-169 Guilford, New York.
35. James, W. (1890/1980). Principles of Psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
36. Kant, I. (1798/1978). Anthropology from a pragmatic point of view. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press
37. Kihlstrom J.F. The cognitive unconscious. Science. 237(4821):1987;1445- 1452.
38. Kihlstrom J.F. Cognition, unconscious processes. Adelman G. Neuroscience year: Supplement 1 to the encyclopedia of neuroscience. 1989;34-36 Birkhauser, Boston.
39. Kihlstrom J.F. The psychological unconscious. Handbook of personality: Theory and research. 1990;445-464 The Guilford Press, New York, NY, USA.
40. Kihlstrom J.F. The psychological unconscious and the self. Experimental and theoretical studies of consciousness. 1993;147-167 Wiley, Chichester, England, UK.
41. Kihlstrom J.F. Perception without awareness of what is perceived, learning without awareness of what is learned. Velmans M. The science of consciousness: Psychological, neuropsychological and clinical reviews. 1996;23-46 Routledge, London, England, UK.
42. Kihlstrom J.F., Barnhardt T.M., Tataryn D.J. Implicit perception. Bornstein R.F., Pittman T.S. Perception without awareness: Cognitive, clinical, and social perspectives. 1992;17-54 The Guilford Press, New York, NY, USA.
43. Kihlstrom J.F., Barnhardt T.M., Tataryn D.J. The psychological unconscious: Found, lost, and regained. American Psychologist. 47(6):1992;788-791.
44. Kihlstrom, J. F., & Dorfman, J. (2002, October). Priming, familiarity, and recognition. Paper presented at the Memory Disorders Research Society, San Francisco. Read expanded version of paper at http://socrates. berkeley.edu/∼kihlstrm/mdrs02.htm
45. Kihlstrom J.F., Shames V.A., Dorfman J. Intimations of memory and thought. Reder L.M. Implicit memory and metacognition. 1996;1-23 Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
46. Kunst-Wilson W.R., Zajonc R.B. Affective discrimination of stimuli that cannot be recognized. Science. 207:1980;557-558.
47. Leibniz, G. W. (1704/1981). New essays on human understanding. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
48. MacLeod C. Implicit perception: Perceptual processing without awareness. Kirsner K., Speelman C., Maybery M., O'Brien-Malone A., Anderson M., MacLeod C. Implicit and explicit mental processes. 1998;57-78 Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
49. Macmillan, M. (1991/1997). Freud evaluated: The completed arc. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
50. Mandler G., Nakamura Y., Van Zandt B.J. Nonspecific effects of exposure on stimuli that cannot be recognized. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 13(4):1987;646-648.
51. Marcel A.J. Conscious and unconscious perception: An approach to the relations between phenomenal experience and perceptual processes. Cognitive Psychology. 15:1983;238-300.
52. Marcel A.J. Conscious and unconscious perception: Experiments on visual masking and word recognition. Cognitive Psychology. 15:1983;197-237.
53. Merikle P.M., Reingold E.M. Comparing direct (explicit) and indirect (implicit) measures to study unconscious memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 17:1991;224-233.
54. Merikle P.M., Smilek D., Eastwood J.D. Perception without awareness: Perspectives from cognitive psychology. Cognition. 79:2001;115-134.
55. Neidenthal P.M. Implicit perception of affective information. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 26:1990;505-527.
56. Peirce C.S., Jastrow J. On small differences of sensation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 3(1):1884;75-83.
57. Perky C.W. An experimental study of imagination. American Journal of Psychology. 21:1910;422-452.
58. Poetzl, O. (1917/1960). The relationship between experimentally induced dream images and indirect vision. Psychological Issues, 2, 41-120
59. Roediger H.L. Memory illusions. Journal of Memory and Language. 35:1996;76-100.
60. Rossetti Y. Implicit perception in action: Short-lived motor representation of space. Grossenbacher P.G. Finding consciousness in the brain: A neurocognitive approach. 2001;133-181 John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
61. Schacter D.L. Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 13:1987;501-518.
62. Schacter D.L., Tulving E. What are the memory systems of 1994? Memory systems 1994. 1994;1-38 The Mit Press, Cambridge, MA, USA.
63. Schacter D.L., Wagner A.D., Buckner R.L. Memory systems of 1999. Tulving E., Craik F.I.M. Oxford handbook of memory. 2000;627-643 Oxford University Press, Oxford UK.
64. Schweinberger S.R., Stief V. Implicit perception in patients with visual neglect: Lexical specificity in repetition priming. Neuropsychologia. 39(4):2001;420-429.
65. Shevrin H., Luborsky L. The rebus technique: A method for studying primary-process transformations of briefly exposed pictures. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 133:1961;479-488.
66. Tulving E. Cue-Dependent Forgetting. American Scientist. 62(1):1974;74-82.
67. Tulving E., Pearlstone Z. Availability versus accessibility of information in memory for words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. 5(4):1966;381-391.
68. Van Zeist M., Merikle P. Perception below the objective threshold? Consciousness and Cognition. 2:1993;194-203.
69. Wallace M.A. Implicit perception in visual neglect: Implications for theories of attention. Farah M.J., Ratcliff G. The neuropsychology of high-level vision: Collected tutorial essays. 1994;359-370 Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
70. Whyte L.L. The unconscious before Freud. 1960;Basic Books, New York.