Late Ordovician vertebrates from the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming, USA

Palaeontology

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 31-48

  Sansom, Ivan J ^a   Smith, M Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Agnathan; Conodont; Early Palaeozoic; Gnathostome; Ordovician; Ostracoderm

Indexed keywords

CONODONT; ORDOVICIAN; PALEONTOLOGY; VERTEBRATE;

BIGHORN MOUNTAINS; NORTH AMERICA; ROCKY MOUNTAINS; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD; WYOMING;

ALIA; ASTRASPIS DESIDERATA; CONODONTA; ELEOCHERA GLOSSA; ERIPTYCHIUS AMERICANUS; PTERASPIDOMORPHI; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 13344278651     PISSN: 00310239     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00431.x     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. ALBANESI, G. L., BENEDETTO J. L. and GAGNIER, P.-Y. 1995. Sacabambaspis janvieri (Vertebrata) y conodontes del Llandeiliano temprano en la Formacion La Cantera, Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, Argentina, 60, 519-543.
2. ALDRIDGE, R. J. BRIGGS, D. E. G., CLARKSON, E. N. K. and SMITH, M. P. 1986. The affinities of conodonts - new evidence from the Carboniferous of Edinburgh, Scotland. Lethaia, 19, 279-291.
3. ALDRIDGE, R. J. BRIGGS, D. E. G., SMITH, M. P., CLARKSON, E. N. K. and CLARK, N. D. L. 1993. The anatomy of conodonts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 340, 405-421.
4. AMSDEN, T. W. and MILLER, A. K. 1942. Ordovician conodonts from the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology, 16, 301-306.
5. ARMSTRONG, H. A. 1990. Conodonts from the Upper Ordovician - Lower Silurian carbonate platform of North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, Bulletin, 159, 151 pp.
6. BARRICK, J. E. 1977. Multielement simple-cone conodonts from the Clarita Formation (Silurian), Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 11, 47-68.
7. BERG, L. S. 1940. Classification of fish and fish-like vertebrates, both recent and fossil. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, 5, 85-517.
8. BISCHOFF, G. C. O. and SANNEMANN, D. 1958. Unterdevonische Conodonten aus de Frankenwald. Notizblatt des Hessischen Landesamtes fur Bodenforschung zu Wiesbaden, 86, 87-110.
9. BLIECK, A. 1992. At the origin of chordates. Geobios, 25, 101-113.
10. BRANSON, E. B. and BRANSON, C. C. 1947. Lower Silurian conodonts from Kentucky. Journal of Paleontology, 21, 549-556.
11. BRANSON, E. B. and MEHL, M. G. 1933a. Conodonts from the Harding Sandstone of Colorado. University of Missouri Studies, 8, 19-38.
12. BRANSON, E. B. and MEHL, M. G. 1933b. Conodonts from the Plattin (Middle Ordovician) of Missouri. University of Missouri Studies, 8, 101-119.
13. CARROLL, R. L. 1987. Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 698 pp.
14. COOPER, B. J. 1975. Multielement conodonts from the Brassfield Limestone (Silurian) of southern Ohio. Journal of Paleontology, 49, 984-1008.
15. COOPER, R. A. 1999. The Ordovician time scale - calibration of conodont and graptolite zones. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, 43, 1-4.
16. CULLISON, J. S. 1938. Dutchtown fauna of south-eastern Missouri. Journal of Paleontology, 12, 219-228.
17. DARBY, D. G. 1982. The early vertebrate Astraspis, habitat based upon lithological association. Journal of Paleontology, 56, 1187-1196.
18. DARTON, N. H. 1906. Fish remains in Ordovician rocks in Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming, with resume of Ordovician geology of the Northwest. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 17, 541-566.
19. DENISON, R. H. 1967. Ordovician vertebrates from western United States. Fieldiana, Geology, 16, 131-192.
20. DONOGHUE, P. C. J., FOREY, P. L. and ALDRIDGE, R. J. 2000. Conodont affinity and chordate phylogeny. Biological Reviews, 75, 191-251.
21. DONOGHUE, P. C. J., and SMITH, M. P. 2001. The anatomy of Turinia pagei (Powrie) and the phylogenetic status of the Thelodonti. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 92 15-37.
22. DONOGHUE, P. C. J., SMITH, M. P. and SANSOM, I. J. 2003. The origin and early evolution of chordates: molecular clocks and the fossil record. 190-223. In DONOGHUE, P. C. J. and SMITH, M. P. (eds). Telling the evolutionary time - molecular clocks and the fossil record. Systematics Association, Special Volume, 66. Taylor & Francis, London, 282 pp.
23. DRYGANT, D. M. 1974. Simple conodonts from the Silurian and lowermost Devonian. Palaeontologicheskii Sbornik, Bratislava, 10, 64-70.
24. EASTMAN, C. R. 1917. Fossil fishes in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 52, 235-304.
25. EICHENBERG, W. 1930. Conodonten aus dem Culm des Harzes. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 12, 177-182.
26. ELIUK, L. S. 1973. Middle Ordovician fish-bearing beds from the St Lawrence Lowlands of Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 10, 954-960.
27. ELLIOTT, D. K. 1987. A reassessment of Astraspis desiderata, the oldest North American vertebrate. Science, 237, 190-192.
28. ELLIOTT, D. K. BLIECK, A. R. M. and GAGNIER, P.-Y. 1991. Ordovician vertebrates. 93-106. In BARNES, C. R. and WILLIAMS, S. H. (eds). Advances in Ordovician geology. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 90-9, 336 pp.
29. ETHINGTON, R. L. 1959. Conodonts of the Ordovician Galena Formation. Journal of Paleontology, 33, 257-292.
30. GAGNIER, P.-Y., BLIECK, A. and RODRIGOS, G. 1986. First Ordovician vertebrate from South America. Geobios, Mémoire Spé cial, 19, 629-634.
31. GOODRICH, E. S. 1909. Vertebrata Craniata. First fascicle: Cyclostomes and fishes. In LANKESTER, E. R. (ed.). A treatise on zoology Volume 9. Black, London, 518 pp.
32. GROSS, W. 1937. Der histologische aufbau der anaspidenschuppen. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 17, 191-195.
33. GROSS, W. 1958. Anaspiden-Schuppen aus dem Ludlow des Ostseegebiets. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 32, 24-37.
34. HALSTEAD, L. B. 1969. Calcified tissue in the earliest vertebrates. Calcified Tissue Research, 3, 107-124.
35. HALSTEAD, L. B. 1987. Evolutionary aspects of neural crest-derived skeletogenic cells in the earliest vertebrates. 339-358. In MADERSON, P. F. A. (ed.). Developmental and evolutionary aspects of the neural crest. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 394 pp.
36. KARATAJUTE-TALIMAA, V. N. 1995. The Mongolepidida: scale structure and systematic position. Geobios, Mémoire Spécial, 19, 35-37.
37. KARATAJUTE-TALIMAA, V. N. 1997. Taxonomy of loganiid thelodonts. Modern Geology, 21, 1-15.
38. LEHTOLA, K. A. 1973. Ordovician vertebrates from Ontario. Contributions of the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 24, 23-30.
39. LESLIE, S. A. 2000. Mohawkian (Upper Ordovician) conodonts of eastern North America and Baltoscandia. Journal of Paleontology, 74, 1122-1147.
40. LINDSTRÖM, M. 1955. Conodonts from the lowermost Ordovician strata of south-central Sweden. Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar, 74, 517-603.
41. LINDSTRÖM, M. 1971. Lower Ordovician conodonts of Europe. 21-61. In SWEET, W. C. and BERGSTROM, S. M. (eds). Symposium of conodont biostratigraphy. Geological Society of America, Memoir, 127, 499 pp.
42. MÄRSS, T. and KARATAJUTE-TALIMAA, V. N. 2002. Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago. Geodiversitas 24, 381-404.
43. McCRACKEN, A. D. and BARNES, C. R. 1981. Conodont biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Ellis Bay Formation, Anticosti Island, Quebec, with special reference to Late Ordovician - Early Silurian chronostratigraphy and the systematic boundary. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 329, 52-134.
44. NOWLAN, G. S., McCRACKEN, A. D. and CHATTERTON, B. D. E. 1988. Conodonts from the Ordovician - Silurian boundary strata, Whittaker Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin, 373, 1-99.
45. OBERG, R. 1966. Winnipeg conodonts from Manitoba. Journal of Paleontology, 40, 130-137.
46. ØRVIG, T. 1958. Pycnaspis splendens, new genus, new species, a new ostracoderm from the upper Ordovician of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 108, 1-23.
47. ØRVIG, T. 1989. Histologic studies of ostracoderms, placoderms and fossil elasmobranchs. 6: Hard tissues of Ordovician vertebrates. Zoologica Scripta, 18, 427-446.
48. OSSIAN, C. R. and HALSETH, M. A. 1976. Discovery of Ordovician vertebrates in the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology, 50, 773-777.
49. RHODES, F. H. T. 1953. Some British Lower Palaeozoic conodont faunas. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 237 261-334.
50. RITCHIE, A. and GILBERT-TOMLINSON, J. 1977. First Ordovician vertebrates from the Southern Hemisphere. Alcheringa, 1, 351-368.
51. ROHON, J. V. 1890. Über unter-silurische Fische. Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg, Nouvelle Sé rie 1 (23), 269-277.
52. ROSS, R. J. Jr. 1957. Ordovician fossils from wells in the Williston Basin, eastern Montana. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin, 1021-M, 439-510.
53. SANSOM, I. J. 1996. Pseudooneotodus: a histological study of an Ordovician to Devonian vertebrate lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 118, 47-57.
54. SANSOM, I. J. ALDRIDGE, R. J. and SMITH, M. M. 2001a. A microvertebrate fauna from the Llandovery of South China. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 90 255-272.
55. SANSOM, I. J. ARMSTRONG, H. A. and SMITH, M. P. 1994. The apparatus architecture of Panderodus and its implications for coniform conodont classification. Palaeontology, 37, 781-799.
56. SANSOM, I. J. and ELLIOTT, D. K. 2002. Thelodonts from the Ordovician of Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22, 867-870.
57. SANSOM, I. J. SMITH, M. M. and SMITH, M. P. 1996. Scales of thelodont and shark-like fishes from the Ordovician of Colorado. Nature, 379, 628-630.
58. SANSOM, I. J. SMITH, M. M. and SMITH, M. P. 2001b. The Ordovician radiation of vertebrates. 156-171. In AHLBERG, P. E. (ed.). Major events in early vertebrate evolution: palaeontology, phylogeny, genetics and development. Systematics Association, Special Volume, 61. Taylor & Francis, London, 418 pp.
59. SANSOM, I. J. SMITH, M. P., ARMSTRONG, H. A. and SMITH, M. M. 1992. Presence of the earliest vertebrate hard tissues in conodonts. Science, 256, 1308-1311.
60. SANSOM, I. J. SMITH, M. P., and SMITH, M. M. 1994. Dentine in conodonts. Nature, 368, 591.
61. SANSOM, I. J. SMITH, M. P., SMITH, M. M. and TURNER, P. 1997. Astraspis - the anatomy and histology of an Ordovician fish. Palaeontology, 40, 625-643.
62. SCHWAB, K. W. 1969. Panderodus denticulatus, a new conodont species from the Aymestry Limestone (Upper Silurian) of England. Journal of Paleontology, 43, 521-525.
63. SHU, D. G., LUO, H. L., CONWAY MORRIS, S., ZHANG, X.-L., HU, S.-X., CHEN, L., HAN, J., ZHU, M., LI, Y. and CHEN, L.-Z. 1999. Lower Cambrian vertebrates from South China. Nature, 402, 42-46.
64. SMITH, M. P., DONOGHUE, P. C. J. and SANSOM, I. J. 2002. The spatial and temporal diversification of Early Palaeozoic vertebrates. 69-83. In CRAME, J. A. and OWEN, A. W. (eds). Palaeobiogeography and biodiversity change: a comparison of the Ordovician and Mesozoic-Cenozoic radiations. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 194, 216 pp.
65. SMITH, M. M. and HALL, B. K. 1990. Development and evolutionary origins of vertebrate skeletogenic and odontogenic tissues. Biological Reviews, 65, 277-373.
66. SMITH, M. M. and SANSOM, I. J. 1997. Exoskeletal micro-remains of an Ordovician fish from the Harding Sandstone of Colorado. Palaeontology 40, 645-658.
67. SMITH, M. M. SANSOM, I. J. and SMITH. M. P. 1995. Diversity of the dermal skeleton in Ordovician to Silurian vertebrate taxa from North America: histology, skeletogenesis and relationships. Geobios, Mémoire Spécial, 19, 65-70.
68. SMITH, M. M. SANSOM, I. J. and SMITH. M. P. 1996. 'Teeth' before armour: the earliest vertebrate mineralized tissues. Modern Geology, 20 303-319.
69. SPJELDNAES, N. 1979. The palaeoecology of the Ordovician Harding Sandstone (Colorado, U.S.A.). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 26, 317-347.
70. STAUFFER, C. R. 1930. Conodonts from the Decorah shale. Journal of Paleontology, 4, 121-128.
71. STAUFFER, C. R. 1935. Conodonts of the Glenwood beds. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 46, 25-168.
72. SWEET, W. C. 1955. Conodonts from the Harding Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Colorado. Journal of Paleontology, 29, 226-262.
73. SWEET, W. C. 1979. Late Ordovician conodonts and biostratigraphy of the Western Midcontinent Province. 45-74. In SANDBERG, C. A. and CLARK, D. L. (eds). Conodont biostratigraphy of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 26.
74. SWEET, W. C. 1982. Conodonts from the Winnipeg Formation (Middle Ordovician) of the northern Black Hills, South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology, 56, 1029-1049.
75. SWEET, W. C. 1984. Graphic correlation of Upper Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks, North American Midcontinent Province, U.S.A. 23-35. In BRUTON, D. L. (eds). Aspects of the Ordovician System. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 228 pp.
76. SWEET, W. C. 1988. The Conodonta: morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum. Oxford University Press, New York, 212 pp.
77. SWEET, W. C. and DONOGHUE, P. C. J. 2001. Conodonts: past, present, future. Journal of Paleontology, 75, 1174-1184.
78. SWEET, W. C. and SCHÖNLAUB, H. P. 1975. Conodonts of the genus Oulodus Branson and Mehl, 1933. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 9, 41-59.
79. TARLO, L. B. 1962. The classification and evolution of the Heterostraci. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 7, 249-290.
80. TIEJE, A. J. 1924. New earliest known vertebrates. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 35, 162.
81. WALCOTT, C. D. 1892. Preliminary notes on the discovery of a vertebrate fauna in Silurian (Ordovician) strata. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 3, 153-171.
82. YOUNG, G. C. 1997. Ordovician microvertebrate remains from the Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17, 1-25.
83. ZANGERL, R. 1981. Chondrichthyes. In SCHULTZE, H.-P. (ed.). Handbook of paleoichthyology 3A. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 113 pp.