A two-dimensional millimeter wave phase scanned lens utilizing analog electromagnetic crystal (EMXT) waveguide phase shifters

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Volumn 53, Issue 1 I, 2005, Pages 151-159

  Xin, Hao ^a   West, James B ^b   Mather, John C ^b   Doane, J P ^b   Higgins, J Aiden ^c   Kazemi, H ^c   Rosker, Mark J ^d  

^a RAYTHEON COMPANY   (United States)

^b ROCKWELL COLLINS   (United States)

^c ROCKWELL SCIENTIFIC COMPANY   (United States)

^d DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

Electromagnetic crystal; Lens antenna; Phase shifters; Phased arrays; Varactors

Indexed keywords

CRYSTALS; ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE; INSERTION LOSSES; MILLIMETER WAVES; OPTICAL MATERIALS; SCHOTTKY BARRIER DIODES; SEMICONDUCTING GALLIUM ARSENIDE; SUBSTRATES; VARACTORS; WAVEGUIDES;

ELECTROMAGNETIC CRYSTAL; LENS ANTENNA;

ANTENNA PHASED ARRAYS;

EID: 13244289920     PISSN: 0018926X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2004.840549     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. J. B. L. Rao, D. P. Patel, and V. Krichevsky, "Voltage-controlled ferroelectric lens phased arrays," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 47, pp. 458-468, Mar. 1999.
2. D. Sievenpiper, J. Schaffner, R. Loo, G. Tangonan, S. Ontiveros, and R. Harold, "A tunable impedance surface performing as a reconfigurable beam steering reflector," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 50, pp. 384-390, Mar. 2002.
3. P. S. Kildal, "Artificial soft and hard surfaces in electromagnetics," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 38, pp. 1537-1544, Oct. 1990.
4. D. Sievenpiper, L. Zhang, R. Broas, N. Alexopolous, and E. Yablonovitch, "High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 47, pp. 2059-2074, Nov. 1999.
5. M. Kim, J. B. Hacker, A. L. Sailer, S. Kim, D. Sievenpiper, and J. A. Higgins, "A rectangular TEM waveguide with photonic crystal walls for excitation of quasioptical amplifiers," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 2, Jun. 1999, pp. 543-546.
6. J. A. Higgins, H. Xin, A. Sailer, and M. J. Rosker, "Ka-band waveguide phase shifter using tunable electromagnetic crystal sidewalls," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 51, pp. 1281-1288, Apr. 2003.
7. J. B. Hacker, A. Sailer, B. Brar, G. Nagy, R. L. Pierson, and J. A. Higgins, "A high-power W-band quasioptical frequency tripler," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 3, Jun. 2003, pp. 1477-1480.
8. H. Xin, H. Kazemi, A. W. Lee, J. A. Higgins, and M. J. Rosker, "Low-loss monolithic tunable electromagnetic crystal surfaces with planar GaAs Schottky diodes," in Proc. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Soc. Int. Symp., vol. 2, Jun. 2003, pp. 435-438.
9. A. A. Kishk, P.-S. Kildal, A. Monorchio, and G. Manara, "Asymptotic boundary condition for corrugated surfaces, and its application to scattering from circular cylinders with dielectric filled corrugations," in Proc. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Soc. Int. Symp., vol. 2, Jun. 1999, pp. 834-837.
10. Ansoft Corporation, High Frequency Structure Simulator, 2001
11. G. Ruvio, P.-S. Kildal, and S. Maci, "Modal propagation in ideal soft and hard waveguides," in Proc. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Soc. Int. Symp., vol. 4, Jun. 2003, pp. 438-441.
12. R. J. Mailloux, Phased Array Antenna Handbook. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1994.
13. B. J. Lamberty, W. P. Geren, S. H. Goodman, G. E. Miller, and K. A. Dallabetta, "Wide angle impedance matching surfaces for circular waveguide phased array antennas with 70 degree scan capability," presented at the IEEE Antennas Applications Symp., University of Illinois, Sep. 1992.
14. IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas, IEEE Std. 149-1979, 1979.
15. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis, and Design. New York: Wiley, 1997.