Habitat use of the mountain hare Lepus timidus in summer: The importance of different vegetation layers

Acta Theriologica

Volumn 49, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 479-490

  Hiltunen, Matti ^a   Kauhala, Kaarina ^a   Lindén, Harto ^a  

^a FINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Field and ground layer; Forest layer; Habitat use; Lepus timidus; Shrub layer

Indexed keywords

HABITAT USE; LAGOMORPH; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; WOODLAND;

EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; FINLAND; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA; WORLD;

ABIES; BETULA; BETULA PUBESCENS; LEPUS; LEPUS TIMIDUS; PICEA; PICEA ABIES; SALIX;

EID: 13244262849     PISSN: 00017051     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF03192592     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Adams L. 1959. An analysis of population of snowshoe hares in northwestern Montana. Ecological Monographs 29: 141-170.
2. Brocke R. H. 1975. Preliminary guidelines for managing snowshoe hare habitat in the Adirondacks. Transactions of the Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference 32: 46-66.
3. Bryant J. P. and Kuropat P. J. 1980. Selection of winter forage by subarctic browsing vertebrates: the role of plant chemistry. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11: 261-285.
4. Bryant J. P., Kuropat P. J., Reichardt P. B. and Clausen T. P. 1992. Controls overthe allocation of resources by woody plants to chemical antiherbivore defense. [In: Plant defenses against mammalian herbivory. R. T. Palo and C. T. Robbins, eds]. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida: 83-102.
5. Dingerkus S. K. and Montgomery W. I. 2001. The diet and landclass affinities of the Irish hare Lepus timidus hibernicus. Journal of Zoology, London 253: 233-240.
6. Dixon K. R. and Chapman J. A. 1980. Harmonic mean measure of animal activity areas. Ecology 61: 1040-1044.
7. Edmund S. T. 1972. Browse selection by deer and hares. The Journal of Wildlife Management 36: 1344-1349.
8. Flux J. E. C. 1970. Life history of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus scoticus) in north-east Scotland. Journal of Zoology, London 161: 75-123.
9. Gauch H. G. Jr 1982. Multivariate analysis in community ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1-298.
10. Grace J. and Easterbee N. 1979. The natural shelter of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Scottish glen. Journal of Applied Ecology 16: 37-48.
11. Helminen M., Valanne K., Pirkola A. and Sten J. 1966. Summer feeding habits of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and of the brown hare (L. europaeus). Suomen riista 18: 133-144. [In Finnish with English summary]
12. Hewson R. 1988. Spacing and habitat preference of mountain hares in Shetland. Journal of Applied Ecology 25: 397-407.
13. Hewson R. 1989. Grazing preferences of mountain hares on heather moorland and hill pastures. Journal of Applied Ecology 26: 1-11.
14. Hewson R. 1995. Mountain hares Lepus timidus on Hoy, Orkney, and their habitat. Journal of Zoology, London 236: 331-337.
15. Hewson R. and Hinge M. D. C. 1990. Characteristics of the home range of mountain hare Lepus timidus. Journal of Applied ecology 27: 651-666.
16. Hiltunen M. 2003. Feeding intensity of mountain hares (Lepus timidus) during winter in Finland. Mammalian Biology 68: 48-52.
17. Hulbert I. A. R., Iason G. R. and Racey P. A. 1996. Habitat utilization in a stratified upland landscape by two lagomorphs with different feeding strategies. Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 315-324.
18. Iason G. R. and Waterman P. G. 1988. Avoidance of plant phenolics by juvenile and reproducing female mountain hares in summer. Functional Ecology 2: 433-440.
19. Johannessen V. and Samset E. 1994. Summer diet of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus L.) in a low-alpine area in southern Norway. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72: 652-657.
20. Kauhala K. and Helle P. 2000. The interactions of predator and hare populations in Finland - a study based on wildlife monitoring counts. Annales Zoologici Fennici 37: 151-160.
21. Kuusela K. and Salminen S. 1991. Suomen metsävarat 1977-1984 ja niiden kehittyminen 1952-1980. Summary: Forest resources of Finland in 1977-1984 and their development in 1952-1980. Acta Forestalia Fennica 220: 1-84.
22. Lindlöf B., Lindström E. and Pehrson Å. 1974. On activity, habitat selection and diet of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus L.) in winter. Viltrevy, Swedish Wildlife 9: 27-41.
23. Litvaitis J. A., Sherburne J. A. and Bissonette J. A. 1985. Influence of understory characteristics on snowshoe hare habitat use and density. The Journal of Wildlife Management 49: 866-873.
24. Moen A. N. 1973. Wildlife ecology. Freeman and Co., San Francisco: 1-458.
25. Pehrson A. 1981. Winter food consumption and digestibility in caged mountain hares, Lepus timidus, during the winter. Holarctic Ecology 6: 395-403.
26. Pielou E. C. 1977. Mathematical ecology. Wiley-Inter-science, New York: 1-385.
27. Pimentel R. A. 1979. Morphometrics. The multivariate analysis of biological data. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California: 1-276.
28. Pulliainen E. 1972. Nutrition of arctic hare (Lepus timidus) in northeastern Lapland. Annales Zoologici Fennici 9: 17-22.
29. Pulliainen E. and Tunkkari P. S. 1987. Winter diet, habitat selection and fluctuation of a mountain hare Lepus timidus population in Finnish Lapland. Holarctic Ecology 10: 261-267.
30. Reinikainen A., Mäkipää R., Vanha-Majamaa I. and Hotanen J.-P. (eds) 2000. Changes in the frequency and abundance of forest and mire plants in Finland since 1950. Kustannusosakeyhtiö Tammi, Helsinki: 1-384. [In Finnisch with English summary]
31. Tahvanainen J., Niemelä P. and Henttonen H. 1991. Chemical aspects of herbivory in boreal forestfeeding by small rodents, hares, and cervids. [In: Plant defenses against mammalian herbivory. T. R. Palo and C. T. Robbins, eds]. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida: 115-131.
32. Thirgood S. J. and Hewson R. 1987. Shelter characteristics of mountain hare resting sites. Holarctic Ecology 10: 294-298.
33. Wolfe A., Whelan J. and Hayden T. J. 1996. The diet of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus) on coastal grassland. Journal of Zoology, London 240: 804-810.
34. Wolff J. O. 1980. The role of habitat patchiness in the population dynamics of snowshoe hares. Ecological Monographs 50: 111-130.
35. Zar J. H. 1996. Biostatistical analysis. Third Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey: 1-622.