Helicopter tail rotor orthogonal blade vortex interaction

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

Volumn 40, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 453-486

  Coton, F N ^a   Marshall, J S ^b   Galbraith, R A Mcd ^a   Green, R B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMICS; AXIAL FLOW; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FLIGHT DYNAMICS; SPURIOUS SIGNAL NOISE; TURBOMACHINE BLADES; VIBRATIONS (MECHANICAL); VORTEX FLOW; WAKES;

FLIGHT VEHICLES; ORTHOGONAL INTERACTIONS; ROTOR VORTICES; STRUCTURAL VIBRATION;

HELICOPTER ROTORS;

EID: 13144257781     PISSN: 03760421     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.11.001     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. H.J. Lugt Vortex flow in nature and technology 1983 Wiley New York [ISBN No. 0-471-86925-2]
2. Chigier NA, Corsiglia VR. Tip vortices - velocity distributions. NASA TM X-62,087, 1971.
3. B.G. Newman Flow in a viscous trailing vortex Aeronaut Quart 10 1959 149 162
4. Rorke JB, Moffett RC. Measurement of vortex velocities over a wide range of vortex age, downstream distance and freestream velocity. NASA CR 145213, 1977.
5. Brocklehurst A. Main rotor/tail rotor interactions near hover. Westlands Research Memorandum 535, 1986.
6. Beddoes TS. A wake model for high resolution airloads. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Basic Rotorcraft Research, Triangle Park, NC, 1985.
7. Ellin ADS. An in-flight experimental investigation of helicopter main rotor/tail rotor interactions. PhD dissertation, University of Glasgow, 1993.
8. S. Krishnamoorthy, and J.S. Marshall Three-dimensional blade-vortex interaction in the strong vortex regime Phys Fluids 10 11 1998 2828 2845
9. Norman TR, Light JS. Rotor tip vortex geometry measurements using the wide field shadowgraph technique, AIAA paper 86-1780. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, San Diego, 1986.
10. P.F. Sheridan, and R.P. Smith Interactional aerodynamics - a new challenge to helicopter technology J Am Helicopt Soc 25 3 1980
11. Surendraiah M. An experimental study of rotor blade-vortex interaction. MS Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1969.
12. Padakannaya R. Experimental study of rotor unsteady airloads due to blade-vortex interaction. NASA CR-1909, 1971.
13. Caradonna FX, Lautenschlager JL, Silva MJ. An experimental study of rotor-vortex interactions. AIAA Paper 88-0045, 1988.
14. M.B. Horner, E. Saliveros, A. Kokkalis, and R.A.McD. Galbraith Results from a set of low speed blade-vortex interaction experiments Exp Fluids 14 1993 341 352
15. P. Renzoni, and R.E. Mayle Incremental force and moment coefficients for a parallel blade-vortex iteraction AIAA J 29 1991 6 13
16. K.S. Wittmer, W.J. Devenport, M.C. Rife, and S.A.L. Glegg Perpendicular blade vortex interaction AIAA J 33 9 1995 1667 1674
17. K.S. Wittmer, and W.J. Devenport Effects of perpendicular blade vortex interaction. Part 1 Turbulence structure and development AIAA J 37 7 1999 805 812
18. K.S. Wittmer, W.J. Devenport, and S.A.L. Glegg Effects of perpendicular blade vortex interaction. Part 2 Parameter study AIAA J 37 7 1999 813 817
19. Liou S, Komerath N, McMahon H. Measurement of transient vortex-surface interaction phenomena. 27th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, 1989.
20. J.G. Leishman, and N.-P. Bi Aerodynamic interactions between a rotor and a fuselage in forward flight J Am Helicopt Soc 35 3 1990 22 31
21. N.-P. Bi, J.G. Leishman, and G.L. Crouse Investigation of rotor tip vortex interactions with a body AIAA J Aircraft 30 6 1993 879 888
22. H. Affes, and A.T. Conlisk Model for rotor tip vortex-airframe interaction. Part 1 Theory AIAA J 31 12 1993 2263 2273
23. C.V. Cook A review of tail rotor design and performance Vertica 2 1978 163 181
24. Smith AC. Review of helicopter low speed handling problems associated with the tail rotor. RAE TM FS(b) 683, 1987.
25. S.J. Newman The foundations of helicopter flight 1994 Edward Arnold Press [ISBN 0340587024]
26. J.W. Leverton, J.S. Pollard, and C.R. Wills Main rotor wake/tail rotor interaction Vertica 1 1977 213 221
27. J.W. Leverton, and T.C. Pike The importance of tail rotor interaction as an acoustic source Proceedings of the 49th American Helicopter Society Forum, St. Louis 1993 73 88
28. Samokhin VF. Impulsive noise of the helicopter tail rotor. In: Proceedings of the 21st European Rotorcraft Forum, St. Petersburg, 1995.
29. E.W. Jacobs, J. Mancini, J.A. Visintainer, and T.A. Jackson Acoustic flight test results for the Sikorsky S-76 quiet tail rotor at reduced tip speed Proceedings of the 53rd American Helicopter Society Forum, Virginia Beach 1997 23 41
30. J.W. Leverton Reduction of helicopter noise by use of a quiet tail rotor Proceedings of the Sixth European Rotorcraft Forum 1981
31. S.F. Baldwin, and C.S. Handley Flight tests to explore tail rotor limitations in the low speed envelope Proceedings of the 14th European Rotorcraft Forum 1988
32. Brotherhood P. The determination of helicopter blade local normal force coefficient, incidence and stall boundaries from flight measurements of leading and trailing edge pressures. DRA Technical Memorandum, TM/FS 1044, May 1993.
33. Martin RM, Burley CL, Elliott JW. Acoustic test of a model rotor and tail rotor: results for the isolated rotor and combined configuration. NASA TM 101550, 1989.
34. M.J. Bhagwat, and J.G. Leishman Generalized viscous vortex model for application to free-vortex wake and aeroacoustic calculations Proceedings of the 58th Annual forum of the American Helicopter Society, Montreal 2002
35. McAlister KW, Heineck JT. Measurements of the early development of trailing vorticity from a rotor. NASA/TP-2002-211848, 2002.
36. C.J. Doolan, F.N. Coton, and R.A.McD. Galbraith Surface pressure measurements of the orthogonal vortex interaction AIAA J 39 1 2001 88 95
37. C.J. Doolan, F.N. Coton, and R.A.McD. Galbraith The effect of a preceding blade on the orthogonal vortex interaction J Am Helicopt Soc 46 3 2001 221 227
38. White RP, Balcerak JC, Pegg RJ. A parametric model study of the noise generated by the aerodynamic interaction of the tail rotor with the wake of the main rotor. In: AHS Mid-East Region Symposium on Rotor Technology, Essington, 1976.
39. Pegg RJ, Shidler PA. Exploratory wind tunnel investigation of the effect of the main rotor wake on tail rotor noise. NASA CP-2052, Part 1, 1978. p. 205-19.
40. H. Tadghighi, and I.C. Cheeseman A study of helicopter rotor noise, with special reference to tail rotors, using an acoustic wind tunnel Vertica 7 1 1983 9 32
41. Sternfeld HJr, Schaeffer EG. The role of wind tunnel models in helicopter noise research. In: Proceedings of the 42nd American Helicopter Society Forum, Washington, June 1986. p. 513-23.
42. Fitzgerald J, Kohlhepp F. Research investigation of helicopter main rotor/tail rotor interaction noise. NASA CR 4143, May 1988.
43. Schultz KJ, Splettstoesser WR. Model tail rotor noise study in the DNW - measured acoustics, blade pressures, noise predictions. In: Proceedings of the 18th European Rotorcraft Forum, Arles, September 1992.
44. Schultz KJ, Splettstoesser WR. Helicopter main rotor/tail rotor noise radiation characteristics from scaled model rotor experiments in the DNW. In: Proceedings of the 49th American Helicopter Society Forum, St. Louis, May 1993.
45. Shlinker RH, Amiet RK. Rotor vortex interaction noise. AIAA Paper 83-0720. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, 1983.
46. A. Ahmadi An experimental investigation of blade-vortex interaction at normal incidence AIAA J Aircraft 23 1 1986 47 55
47. Cary CM. An experimental investigation of the chopping of helicopter main rotor tip vortices by the tail rotor. Part 2: High speed photographic study. NASA CR 177457, September 1987.
48. Johnston RT, Sullivan JP. Unsteady wing surface pressures in the wake of propeller. AIAA Paper 92-0277, 1992.
49. S. Krishnamoorthy, and J.S. Marshall An experimental investigation of 'vortex shocks' Phys Fluids 6 11 1994 3737 3741
50. J.S. Marshall, and S. Krishnamoorthy On the instantaneous cutting of a columnar vortex with non-zero axial flow J Fluid Mech 351 1997 41 74
51. J.S. Marshall Vortex cutting by a blade. Part I. General theory and a simple solution AIAA J 32 6 1994 1145 1150
52. Marshall JS. Inviscid incompressible flow. New York: Wiley; 2001. p. 283-8.
53. Weigand A. The response of a vortex ring to a transient, spatial cut. PhD dissertation, University of California, San Diego, 1993.
54. J.S. Marshall Models of secondary vorticity evolution during normal vortex-cylinder interaction AIAA J 40 1 2002 170 172
55. J.S. Marshall, P. Brancher, and A. Giovannini Interaction of unequal anti-parallel vortex tubes J Fluid Mech 446 2001 229 252
56. M. Sun, and J.S. Marshall A flow visualization study of vortex interaction with the wake of a sphere J Fluids Eng 122 2000 560 568
57. Copland C, Coton FN, Galbraith RAMcD. A study of helicopter tail rotor interaction; Phase 1 - proof of concept. In: Proceedings of the 24th European Rotorcraft Forum, Marseilles, France, 1998.
58. Copland C. Methods of generating vortices in wind tunnels. PhD thesis, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Glasgow, 1997.
59. J.L. Hess, and A.M.O. Smith Calculations of potential flow about arbitrary bodies Progr Aeronaut Sci 8 1966 1 139
60. Doolan C, Coton FN, Galbraith RAMcD. Measurement of three-dimensional vortices using a hot wire anemometer. AIAA Paper No. 99-3810. In: Proceedings of the 30th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, Norfolk, VA, 1999.
61. C. Doolan, F.N. Coton, and R.A.McD. Galbraith Three-dimensional vortex interactions with a stationary blade Aeronaut J 103 1030 1999 579 587
62. Doolan CJ, Green RB, Coton FN, Galbraith RAMcD. The orthogonal blade-vortex interaction experimental programme at the University of Glasgow. In: Proceedings of the 26th European Rotorcraft Forum, The Hague, September 2000.
63. T. Wang, C.J. Doolan, F.N. Coton, and R.A.McD. Galbraith Experimental study of the three-dimensionality of orthogonal blade vortex interaction AIAA J 40 10 2002 2037 2046
64. F.N. Coton, R.A.McD. Galbraith, T. Wang, and S.J. Newman A wind tunnel based study of helicopter tail rotor blade vortex interaction Aeronaut J 108 1083 2004 237 244
65. R.B. Green, C.J. Doolan, and R.M. Cannon Measurements of the orthogonal blade-vortex interaction using a particle image velocimetry technique Exp Fluids 29 2000 369 379
66. T.S. Lundgren, and W.T. Ashurst Area-varying waves on curved vortex tubes with application to vortex breakdown J Fluid Mech 200 1989 283 307
67. J.M. Early, R.B. Green, and F.N. Coton Flow visualisation of the orthogonal blade-vortex interaction using particle image velocimetry Aeronaut J 106 1057 2001 137 145
68. C.A. Masson, R.B. Green, R.A.M. Galbraith, and F.N. Coton Experimental investigation of a loaded rotor blade's interaction with a single vortex Aeronaut J 102 1018 1998 451 457
69. Lowson MV. The sound field for singularities in motion. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 1965. p. 286.
70. George AR, Chou ST. Helicopter tail rotor blade-vortex interaction noise. NASA CR 183178, 1987.
71. Tadghighi H. An analytical model for prediction of main rotor/tail rotor interaction noise. AIAA Paper 89-1130, April 1989.
72. Quakenbush TR, Bliss DB, Mahajan A. High resolution flow field prediction for tail rotor aeroacoustics. In: Proceedings of the 45th American Helicopter Society Forum, Boston, May 1989.
73. J.P. Yin, and S.R. Ahmed Helicopter main rotor/tail rotor interaction J Am Helicopt Soc 45 2000 293 302
74. J.E. Ffowcs-Williams, and D.L. Hawkings Sound generation by turbulence and surfaces in arbitrary motion Philos Trans Roy Soc A 264 1151 1969 321 344
75. Yang C, Aoyama T, Saito S. Numerical analysis of interaction noise between main rotor and tail rotor of helicopter. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences, Japan, September 2004.
76. D.A. Boxwell, F.H. Schmitz, W.R. Splettstoesser, and K.J. Schults Helicopter model rotor-blade vortex interaction impulsive noise scalability and parametric variations J Am Helicopt Soc 32 1 1987 3 12
77. J.S. Marshall, and J.R. Grant Penetration of a blade into a vortex core vorticity response and unsteady blade forces J Fluid Mech 306 1996 83 109
78. M.S. Howe Contributions to the theory of sound production by vortex-airfoil interaction, with application to vortices with finite axial velocity defect Proc Roy Soc London A 420 1988 157 182
79. M.S. Howe On unsteady surface forces, and sound produced by the normal chopping of a rectilinear vortex J Fluid Mech 206 1989 131 153
80. J.A. Lee, O.R. Burggraf, and A.T. Conlisk On the impulsive blocking of a vortex-jet J Fluid Mech 369 1998 301 331
81. Sheikh AH, Hillier R. The compressible perpendicular interaction of a columnar vortex-jet with a flat plate. AIAA Paper 2001-2846, 2001.
82. T.B. Benjamin Some developments in the theory of vortex breakdown J Fluid Mech 28 1967 65 84
83. S. Leibovich, and A. Kribus Large-amplitude wavetrains and solitary waves in vortices J Fluid Mech 216 1990 459 504
84. X. Liu, and J.S. Marshall Blade penetration into a vortex core with and without axial core flow J Fluid Mech 519 2004 81 103
85. S. Ragab, and M. Sreedhar Numerical simulation of vortices with axial velocity deficits Phys Fluids 7 3 1995 549 558
86. J.G. Leishman, and T.S. Beddoes A semi-empirical model for dynamic stall J Am Helicopt Soc 34 3 1989