메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 693-712

Brazilian Paramos I. An introduction to the physical environment and vegetation of the campos de altitude

Author keywords

Atlantic Forest; Brazil; Campos de altitude; Paramo; Tropical alpine

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; PARAMO; PHYTOGEOGRAPHY; VEGETATION HISTORY;

EID: 12944335247     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00313.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (286)

References (150)
  • 1
    • 4143072119 scopus 로고
    • Províncias geológicas e domínios morfoclimaticos no Brasil
    • Ab'Sáber, A.N. (1970) Províncias geológicas e domínios morfoclimaticos no Brasil. Geomorfologia/USP:, 20, 1-26.
    • (1970) Geomorfologia/USP , vol.20 , pp. 1-26
    • Ab'Sáber, A.N.1
  • 2
    • 0002134049 scopus 로고
    • Espaços ocupados pela expansão dos climas secos na America do Sul, por ocasião dos periodos glaciais quaternários
    • Ab'Sáber, A.N. (1977) Espaços ocupados pela expansão dos climas secos na America do Sul, por ocasião dos periodos glaciais quaternários. Paleoclimas/USP, 3, 1-19.
    • (1977) Paleoclimas/USP , vol.3 , pp. 1-19
    • Ab'Sáber, A.N.1
  • 3
    • 0011842004 scopus 로고
    • Razões da retomada parcial de semi-aridez holocênica, por ocasião do 'optimum climaticum'
    • Ab'Sáber, A.N. (1980) Razões da retomada parcial de semi-aridez holocênica, por ocasião do 'optimum climaticum'. Inter-Facies: escritos e documentos (UNESP), 8, 1-6.
    • (1980) Inter-Facies: Escritos e Documentos (UNESP) , vol.8 , pp. 1-6
    • Ab'Sáber, A.N.1
  • 4
    • 12944262064 scopus 로고
    • Introdução
    • (ed. by G. Martinelli and J. Bandeira), Editora Index, Rio de Janeiro
    • Ab'Sáber, A.N. (1989) Introdução. Campos de altitude (ed. by G. Martinelli and J. Bandeira), pp. 15-29. Editora Index, Rio de Janeiro.
    • (1989) Campos de Altitude , pp. 15-29
    • Ab'Sáber, A.N.1
  • 7
    • 0002499862 scopus 로고
    • The system of continental rifts bordering the Santos Basin, Brazil
    • Almeida, F.F.M. de. (1976) The system of continental rifts bordering the Santos Basin, Brazil. Anais Acad. Brasil. Ciência, 48, 15-26.
    • (1976) Anais Acad. Brasil. Ciência , vol.48 , pp. 15-26
    • De Almeida, F.F.M.1
  • 9
    • 12944287697 scopus 로고
    • Tipos de vegetação do Sul de Minas e Campos da Mantiqueira
    • Azevedo, L.G. (1962) Tipos de vegetação do Sul de Minas e Campos da Mantiqueira. An. Acad. Brasil. Ciências, 34, 225-234.
    • (1962) An. Acad. Brasil. Ciências , vol.34 , pp. 225-234
    • Azevedo, L.G.1
  • 11
    • 0027332090 scopus 로고
    • Ecological and historical factors in fern biogeography
    • Barrington, D.S. (1993) Ecological and historical factors in fern biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 20, 275-280.
    • (1993) J. Biogeogr. , vol.20 , pp. 275-280
    • Barrington, D.S.1
  • 12
    • 0347362921 scopus 로고
    • The nature and geography of South American soils
    • (ed. by E.J. Fittkau, J. Illies, H. Klinge, G.H. Schwabe and H. Soili), W. Junk, Den Haag
    • Beek, K.J. & Bramao, D.L. (1968) The nature and geography of South American soils. Biogeography and ecology in South America. Volume 1 (ed. by E.J. Fittkau, J. Illies, H. Klinge, G.H. Schwabe and H. Soili), pp. 82-112. W. Junk, Den Haag.
    • (1968) Biogeography and Ecology in South America , vol.1 , pp. 82-112
    • Beek, K.J.1    Bramao, D.L.2
  • 13
    • 0030872268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire history of the Araucaria forest and campos region from Serra Campos Gerais, Paraná (South Brazil)
    • Behling, H. (1997a) Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire history of the Araucaria forest and campos region from Serra Campos Gerais, Paraná (South Brazil). Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 97, 109-121.
    • (1997) Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. , vol.97 , pp. 109-121
    • Behling, H.1
  • 14
    • 0030620104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire history from the tropical mountain region of Morro de Itapeva, SE Brazil
    • Behling, H. (1997b) Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire history from the tropical mountain region of Morro de Itapeva, SE Brazil. Palaeo, 129, 407-422.
    • (1997) Palaeo , vol.129 , pp. 407-422
    • Behling, H.1
  • 15
    • 0031955317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary vegetational and climatic changes in Brazil
    • Behling, H. (1998) Late Quaternary vegetational and climatic changes in Brazil. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 143-156.
    • (1998) Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. , vol.99 , pp. 143-156
    • Behling, H.1
  • 16
    • 0031394036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of dry and cold climatic conditions at glacial times in tropical southeastern Brazil
    • Behling, H. & Lichte, M. (1997) Evidence of dry and cold climatic conditions at glacial times in tropical southeastern Brazil. Quat. Res. 48, 348-358.
    • (1997) Quat. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 348-358
    • Behling, H.1    Lichte, M.2
  • 18
    • 4544309162 scopus 로고
    • A systematic revision of Fuchsia sect. Quelusia (Onagraceae)
    • Berry, P.E. (1989) A systematic revision of Fuchsia sect. Quelusia (Onagraceae). Anns Mo. Bot. Gdns, 76, 532-584.
    • (1989) Anns Mo. Bot. Gdns , vol.76 , pp. 532-584
    • Berry, P.E.1
  • 20
    • 12944254222 scopus 로고
    • Restos vegetais fósseis e tectónica da bacia calcária de Itaborai, Estado do /Rio de Janeiro
    • Beurlen, K. & Sommer, F.W. (1954) Restos vegetais fósseis e tectónica da bacia calcária de Itaborai, Estado do /Rio de Janeiro. Bol. Div. Geol. Mineral. 149, 1-27.
    • (1954) Bol. Div. Geol. Mineral. , vol.149 , pp. 1-27
    • Beurlen, K.1    Sommer, F.W.2
  • 21
    • 0009667391 scopus 로고
    • Aspectos fisicos da paisagem
    • (ed. by J. Cartesáo et al.), Editora Index, Fundação S.O.S. Mata Atlântica, São Paulo
    • Bigarella, J.J. (1991) Aspectos fisicos da paisagem. Mata Atlântica (ed. by J. Cartesáo et al.), pp. 63-93. Editora Index, Fundação S.O.S. Mata Atlântica, São Paulo.
    • (1991) Mata Atlântica , pp. 63-93
    • Bigarella, J.J.1
  • 22
    • 0001335063 scopus 로고
    • Consideraçóes a respeito das mudanças paleoambientais na distribuição de algumas especies vegetais e animais no Brasil
    • Bigarella, J.J., Andrade-Lima, D. de & Riehs, P.J. (1975) Consideraçóes a respeito das mudanças paleoambientais na distribuição de algumas especies vegetais e animais no Brasil. Anais Acad. Brasil. Ciência, 47 (suplemento), 411-464.
    • (1975) Anais Acad. Brasil. Ciência , vol.47 , Issue.SUPLEMENTO , pp. 411-464
    • Bigarella, J.J.1    De Andrade-Lima, D.2    Riehs, P.J.3
  • 24
    • 12944265227 scopus 로고
    • Relatório da excursão à Serra da Bocaina, no Estado de São Paulo
    • Brade, A.C. (1951) Relatório da excursão à Serra da Bocaina, no Estado de São Paulo. Rodriguésia, XIV, 55-66.
    • (1951) Rodriguésia , vol.14 , pp. 55-66
    • Brade, A.C.1
  • 25
    • 0002504559 scopus 로고
    • A flora do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia
    • Brade, A.C. (1956) A flora do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Bol. Parque Nacional Itatiaia, 5, 1-112.
    • (1956) Bol. Parque Nacional Itatiaia , vol.5 , pp. 1-112
    • Brade, A.C.1
  • 27
    • 0002849811 scopus 로고
    • Biogeography and evolution of Neotropical butterflies
    • (ed. by T.C. Whitmore and G.T. Prance), Oxford Monographs of Biogeography, Number 3. Clarendon Press, Oxford
    • Brown, K.S. Jr. (1987) Biogeography and evolution of Neotropical butterflies. Biogeography and Quaternary history in tropical America (ed. by T.C. Whitmore and G.T. Prance), pp. 66-104. Oxford Monographs of Biogeography, Number 3. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
    • (1987) Biogeography and Quaternary History in Tropical America , pp. 66-104
    • Brown Jr., K.S.1
  • 28
    • 0002379806 scopus 로고
    • Ice-age forest refuges and evolution in the Neotropics: Correlation of paleoclimatological, geomorphological and pedological data with modern biological endemisms
    • Brown, K.S. Jr, & Ab'Sáber, A.N. (1979) Ice-age forest refuges and evolution in the Neotropics: correlation of paleoclimatological, geomorphological and pedological data with modern biological endemisms. Paleoclimas, 5, 1-30.
    • (1979) Paleoclimas , vol.5 , pp. 1-30
    • Brown Jr., K.S.1    Ab'Sáber, A.N.2
  • 29
    • 0003170511 scopus 로고
    • The genera of Bambusoideae (Poaceae) of the American continent: Keys and comments
    • Calderón, C. & Soderstrom, T. (1980) The genera of Bambusoideae (Poaceae) of the American continent: Keys and comments. Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 44, 1-27.
    • (1980) Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. , vol.44 , pp. 1-27
    • Calderón, C.1    Soderstrom, T.2
  • 30
    • 0004402938 scopus 로고
    • Leaf characteristics of the flora of the high plateau of Itatiaia, Brasil
    • Camerik, A.M. & Werger, W.J.A. (1981) Leaf characteristics of the flora of the high plateau of Itatiaia, Brasil. Biotropica, 13, 39-48.
    • (1981) Biotropica , vol.13 , pp. 39-48
    • Camerik, A.M.1    Werger, W.J.A.2
  • 32
    • 0040786792 scopus 로고
    • Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa (Poaceac: Bambusoideae) and allies in Brazil
    • Clark, L.G. (1992) Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa (Poaceac: Bambusoideae) and allies in Brazil. Brittonia, 44, 387-422.
    • (1992) Brittonia , vol.44 , pp. 387-422
    • Clark, L.G.1
  • 33
    • 12944300111 scopus 로고
    • Tree lines and germ plasm - A study in evolutionary limitations
    • Clausen, J. (1963) Tree lines and germ plasm - a study in evolutionary limitations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 50, 860-868.
    • (1963) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 860-868
    • Clausen, J.1
  • 36
    • 0001245881 scopus 로고
    • Páramo vegetation and its life forms
    • (ed. by C. Troll), Colloquium Geographicum 9, Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag, Bonn
    • Cuatrecasas, J. (1968) Páramo vegetation and its life forms. Geoecology of the mountainous regions of tropical America (ed. by C. Troll), pp. 163-186. Colloquium Geographicum 9, Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag, Bonn
    • (1968) Geoecology of the Mountainous Regions of Tropical America , pp. 163-186
    • Cuatrecasas, J.1
  • 37
    • 0000155507 scopus 로고
    • Equatorial Atlantic deep-sea arkosic sands and ice-age aridity in tropical South America
    • Damuth, J.E. & Fairbridge, R.W. (1970) Equatorial Atlantic deep-sea arkosic sands and ice-age aridity in tropical South America. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 86, 198-206.
    • (1970) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.86 , pp. 198-206
    • Damuth, J.E.1    Fairbridge, R.W.2
  • 40
    • 0002577910 scopus 로고
    • Problèmes morphologiques du Brésil Tropical Atlantique
    • de Martonne, E. (1940) Problèmes morphologiques du Brésil Tropical Atlantique. Ann. Géogr. 49, 1-27.
    • (1940) Ann. Géogr. , vol.49 , pp. 1-27
    • De Martonne, E.1
  • 41
    • 0009940970 scopus 로고
    • Convergences in bird communities at high altitudes in the Tropics (especially the Andes and Africa) and at temperate latitudes (Tibet)
    • El medio-ambiente páramo (ed. by F. Vuilleumier and M. Monasterio), Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Dorst, J. & Vuilleumier, F. (1986) Convergences in bird communities at high altitudes in the Tropics (especially the Andes and Africa) and at temperate latitudes (Tibet). El medio-ambiente páramo (ed. by F. Vuilleumier and M. Monasterio), pp. 120-149. High altitude tropical biogeography. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1986) High Altitude Tropical Biogeography , pp. 120-149
    • Dorst, J.1    Vuilleumier, F.2
  • 42
    • 12944271764 scopus 로고
    • Contribuições para a flora do Itatiaia
    • Dusén, P.K.H. (1955) Contribuições para a flora do Itatiaia. Bol. Parque Nacional Itatiaia, 4, 6-88.
    • (1955) Bol. Parque Nacional Itatiaia , vol.4 , pp. 6-88
    • Dusén, P.K.H.1
  • 43
    • 0002153692 scopus 로고
    • Novas observações sobre a glaciação pleistocénica na Serra do Itatiaia
    • Ebert, H. (1960) Novas observações sobre a glaciação pleistocénica na Serra do Itatiaia. An. Acad. Brasil. Ciência, 32, 51-73.
    • (1960) An. Acad. Brasil. Ciência , vol.32 , pp. 51-73
    • Ebert, H.1
  • 44
    • 0003779043 scopus 로고
    • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Technológico, Brasilia
    • Eiten, G. (1983) Classificação de Vegetação do Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Technológico, Brasilia.
    • (1983) Classificação de Vegetação do Brasil
    • Eiten, G.1
  • 45
    • 0002825107 scopus 로고
    • Agra, arboreal beetles of neotropical forests: Biogeography and the forest refugium hypothesis (Carabidae)
    • (ed. by P.E. Vanzolini and W.R. Heyer), Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro
    • Erwin, T.L. & Pogue, M.G. (1988) Agra, arboreal beetles of neotropical forests: biogeography and the forest refugium hypothesis (Carabidae). Proceedings from a workshop on neotropical distribution patterns (ed. by P.E. Vanzolini and W.R. Heyer), pp. 161-188. Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro.
    • (1988) Proceedings from a Workshop on Neotropical Distribution Patterns , pp. 161-188
    • Erwin, T.L.1    Pogue, M.G.2
  • 46
    • 0001264928 scopus 로고
    • The montane cloud forest in southern Brazil
    • (ed. by L.S. Hamilton, J.O. Juvik and F.N. Scatena), Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Falkenberg, D. de B. & Voltolini, J.C. (1995) The montane cloud forest in southern Brazil. Tropical montane cloud forests (ed. by L.S. Hamilton, J.O. Juvik and F.N. Scatena), pp. 138-149. Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (1995) Tropical Montane Cloud Forests , pp. 138-149
    • Falkenberg, D.D.B.1    Voltolini, J.C.2
  • 47
    • 0027028971 scopus 로고
    • Biogeography of the birds of the Polylepis woodlands of the Andes
    • (ed. by H. Balslev and J.L. Luteyn), Academic Press, London
    • Fjeldså, J. (1992) Biogeography of the birds of the Polylepis woodlands of the Andes. Páramo. An Andean ecosystem under human influence (ed. by H. Balslev and J.L. Luteyn), pp. 31-44. Academic Press, London.
    • (1992) Páramo. An Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence , pp. 31-44
    • Fjeldså, J.1
  • 48
    • 0022178491 scopus 로고
    • The vanishing Brazilian Atlantic Forest
    • Fonseca, G.A.B. de (1985) The vanishing Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Biol. Conserv. 34, 17-34.
    • (1985) Biol. Conserv. , vol.34 , pp. 17-34
    • De Fonseca, G.A.B.1
  • 49
    • 0000162273 scopus 로고
    • Late Paleozoic glaciations: I - South America
    • Frakes, L.A. & Crowell, J.C. (1969) Late Paleozoic glaciations: I - South America. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 80, 1007-1042.
    • (1969) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.80 , pp. 1007-1042
    • Frakes, L.A.1    Crowell, J.C.2
  • 50
    • 0002881410 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of neotropical plant species diversity
    • Gentry, A. (1982) Patterns of neotropical plant species diversity. Evol. Biol. 15, 1-84.
    • (1982) Evol. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 1-84
    • Gentry, A.1
  • 51
    • 0000465315 scopus 로고
    • Padròes de distribuição geográfica dos gêneros de Eriocaulaceae
    • Giulietii, A.M. & Hensold, N. (1990) Padròes de distribuição geográfica dos gêneros de Eriocaulaceae. Acta Bot. Brasil. 4, 133-158.
    • (1990) Acta Bot. Brasil. , vol.4 , pp. 133-158
    • Giulietii, A.M.1    Hensold, N.2
  • 53
    • 12944252103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serranias do estado do Rio de Janeiro - O conhecimento florístico atual e as implicações para a conservação da diversidade na Mata Atlântica
    • Guedes-Bruni, R.E. & Lima, H.C. de (1996) Serranias do estado do Rio de Janeiro - O conhecimento florístico atual e as implicações para a conservação da diversidade na Mata Atlântica. Eugeniana, XXII, 9-22.
    • (1996) Eugeniana , vol.22 , pp. 9-22
    • Guedes-Bruni, R.E.1    De Lima, H.C.2
  • 54
    • 12944316228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro: Southeast Brazil
    • (ed. by S.D. Davis, V.H. Heywood, O. Herrera-MacBryde, J. Villa-Lobos and A.C. Hamilton), W.W.F., I.U.C.N.
    • Guedes-Bruni, R.R. & Lima, H.C. de (1997) Mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro: Southeast Brazil. Centres of plant diversity. A guide and strategy for their conservation. Vol. 3. The Americas (ed. by S.D. Davis, V.H. Heywood, O. Herrera-MacBryde, J. Villa-Lobos and A.C. Hamilton), pp. 376-380. W.W.F., I.U.C.N.
    • (1997) Centres of Plant Diversity. A Guide and Strategy for Their Conservation. Vol. 3. The Americas , vol.3 , pp. 376-380
    • Guedes-Bruni, R.R.1    De Lima, H.C.2
  • 56
    • 0002178161 scopus 로고
    • Biogeography of Neotropical birds
    • (ed. by T.C. Whitmore and G.T. Prance), Oxford Monographs of Biogeography, Number 3. Clarendon Press, Oxford
    • Haffer, J.J. (1987) Biogeography of Neotropical birds. Biogeography and Quaternary history in tropical America (ed. by T.C. Whitmore and G.T. Prance), pp. 105-150. Oxford Monographs of Biogeography, Number 3. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
    • (1987) Biogeography and Quaternary History in Tropical America , pp. 105-150
    • Haffer, J.J.1
  • 57
    • 0001852062 scopus 로고
    • Features of Afroalpine plant ecology
    • Hedberg, O. (1964) Features of Afroalpine plant ecology. Acta Phytogeogr. Suecica, 49, 1-114.
    • (1964) Acta Phytogeogr. Suecica , vol.49 , pp. 1-114
    • Hedberg, O.1
  • 58
    • 0027011762 scopus 로고
    • Afroalpine vegetation compared to páramo: Convergent adaptations and divergent differentiation
    • (ed. by H. Balslev and J.L. Luteyn), Academic Press, London
    • Hedberg, O. (1992) Afroalpine vegetation compared to páramo: Convergent adaptations and divergent differentiation. Páramo. An Andean ecosystem under human influence (ed. by H. Balslev and J.L. Luteyn), pp. 15-29. Academic Press, London.
    • (1992) Páramo. An Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence , pp. 15-29
    • Hedberg, O.1
  • 59
    • 12944252731 scopus 로고
    • Sobre a origem dos campos cerrados do Brasil e algumas novas observações no seu limite meridional
    • Hueck, K. (1957) Sobre a origem dos campos cerrados do Brasil e algumas novas observações no seu limite meridional. Revista Brasil. Geogr. 19, 67-81.
    • (1957) Revista Brasil. Geogr. , vol.19 , pp. 67-81
    • Hueck, K.1
  • 62
    • 0002888962 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation in the genera Eunyalius and Strobilurus (Iguanidae): Implications for Pleistocene climatic changes in Eastern Brazil
    • Jackson, J.F. (1978) Differentiation in the genera Eunyalius and Strobilurus (Iguanidae): Implications for Pleistocene climatic changes in Eastern Brazil. Arg. Zool. S.P. 30, 1-79.
    • (1978) Arg. Zool. S.P. , vol.30 , pp. 1-79
    • Jackson, J.F.1
  • 64
    • 0002102119 scopus 로고
    • Southern Brazilian phytogeographic features and the probable influence of Upper Quaternary climatic change in the floristic distributions
    • (ed. by J.J. Bigarella and R.D. Becker), Boletim Paranaense de Geociência 33
    • Klein, R. (1975) Southern Brazilian phytogeographic features and the probable influence of Upper Quaternary climatic change in the floristic distributions. International Symposium on the Quaternary (Southern Brazil, July 1975) (ed. by J.J. Bigarella and R.D. Becker), pp. 67-88. Boletim Paranaense de Geociência 33.
    • (1975) International Symposium on the Quaternary (Southern Brazil, July 1975) , pp. 67-88
    • Klein, R.1
  • 66
    • 4243653971 scopus 로고
    • Influence of fire in the grass páramo vegetation of Ecuador
    • (ed. by H. Balslev and J.L. Luteyn), Academic Press, London
    • Lægaard, S. (1992) Influence of fire in the grass páramo vegetation of Ecuador. Páramo. An Andean ecosystem under human influence (ed. by H. Balslev and J.L. Luteyn), pp. 45-60. Academic Press, London.
    • (1992) Páramo. An Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence , pp. 45-60
    • Lægaard, S.1
  • 67
    • 0006916882 scopus 로고
    • The phylogeny and geography of Myrceugenia (Myrtaceae)
    • Landrum, L.R. (1981) The phylogeny and geography of Myrceugenia (Myrtaceae). Brittonia, 33, 105-129.
    • (1981) Brittonia , vol.33 , pp. 105-129
    • Landrum, L.R.1
  • 68
    • 0000256053 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the opening of the South Atlantic in the Early Cretaceous
    • Larson, R.L. & Ladd, J.W. (1973) Evidence for the opening of the South Atlantic in the Early Cretaceous. Nature, 246, 209-212.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.246 , pp. 209-212
    • Larson, R.L.1    Ladd, J.W.2
  • 69
    • 0000684250 scopus 로고
    • Zur hygrischen Höhenstufung tropischer Gebirge
    • (ed. by J. Schmithüsen), W. Junk, Den Haag
    • Lauer, W. (1976) Zur hygrischen Höhenstufung tropischer Gebirge. Biogeographica, Volume VII (ed. by J. Schmithüsen), pp. 162-182. W. Junk, Den Haag.
    • (1976) Biogeographica , vol.7 , pp. 162-182
    • Lauer, W.1
  • 70
    • 0031976164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics in south and central Brazil during the last 10,000 years BP
    • Ledru, M., Salgado-Labouriau, M.L. & Lorscheitter, M.L. (1998) Vegetation dynamics in south and central Brazil during the last 10,000 years BP. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 131-142.
    • (1998) Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. , vol.99 , pp. 131-142
    • Ledru, M.1    Salgado-Labouriau, M.L.2    Lorscheitter, M.L.3
  • 71
    • 0024896522 scopus 로고
    • Speciation and diversity of Ericaceae in Neotropical montane vegetation
    • (ed. by L.B. Holm-Nielsen, I.C. Nielsen and H. Balslev), Academic Press, London
    • Luteyn, J.L. (1989) Speciation and diversity of Ericaceae in Neotropical montane vegetation. Tropical forests. Botanical dynamics, speciation and diversity (ed. by L.B. Holm-Nielsen, I.C. Nielsen and H. Balslev), pp. 297-310. Academic Press, London.
    • (1989) Tropical Forests. Botanical Dynamics, Speciation and Diversity , pp. 297-310
    • Luteyn, J.L.1
  • 72
    • 0000158795 scopus 로고
    • The amphibians of the lowland tropical forests
    • (ed. by W.E. Duellman), Mus. Nat. Hist. Monograph No. 7, University of Kansas, Lawrence
    • Lynch, J.D. (1979) The amphibians of the lowland tropical forests. The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution, and dispersal (ed. by W.E. Duellman), pp. 189-215. Mus. Nat. Hist. Monograph No. 7, University of Kansas, Lawrence.
    • (1979) The South American Herpetofauna: Its Origin, Evolution, and Dispersal , pp. 189-215
    • Lynch, J.D.1
  • 74
    • 12944260359 scopus 로고
    • Nota sobre Worsleya rayneri (J.D. Hooker) Traub & Moldenke, espécie ameaçada de extinção
    • Martinelli, G. (1984) Nota sobre Worsleya rayneri (J.D. Hooker) Traub & Moldenke, espécie ameaçada de extinção. Rodriguésia, 36, 65-72.
    • (1984) Rodriguésia , vol.36 , pp. 65-72
    • Martinelli, G.1
  • 77
    • 0000214534 scopus 로고
    • Die Fossilen Floren Südamerikas
    • (ed. by E.J. Fittkau, J. Illies, H. Klinge, G.H. Schwabe and H. Sioli), W. Junk, Den Haag
    • Menéndez, C.A. (1969) Die Fossilen Floren Südamerikas. Biogeography and ecology in South America, Volume 2 (ed. by E.J. Fittkau, J. Illies, H. Klinge, G.H. Schwabe and H. Sioli), pp. 519-561. W. Junk, Den Haag.
    • (1969) Biogeography and Ecology in South America , vol.2 , pp. 519-561
    • Menéndez, C.A.1
  • 78
    • 4243541329 scopus 로고
    • Significado dos depósitos correlativos quaternarios em Campos do Jordão-São Paulo: Implicações paleoclimáticas e paleoecológicas
    • Modenesi, M.C. (1988) Significado dos depósitos correlativos quaternarios em Campos do Jordão-São Paulo: Implicações paleoclimáticas e paleoecológicas. Bol. Inst. Geol. 7, 1-155.
    • (1988) Bol. Inst. Geol. , vol.7 , pp. 1-155
    • Modenesi, M.C.1
  • 79
    • 0011801028 scopus 로고
    • Depósitos de vertente e evolução quaternária do planalto do Itatiaia
    • Modenesi, M.C. (1992) Depósitos de vertente e evolução quaternária do planalto) do Itatiaia. Revista Inst. Geol. 13, 31-46.
    • (1992) Revista Inst. Geol. , vol.13 , pp. 31-46
    • Modenesi, M.C.1
  • 80
    • 0030220194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weathering and the formation of hillslope deposits in the tropical highlands of Itatiaia-southeastern Brazil
    • Modenesi-Gauttieri, M.C. & Toledo, M.C.M. de (1996) Weathering and the formation of hillslope deposits in the tropical highlands of Itatiaia-southeastern Brazil. Catena, 27, 81-103.
    • (1996) Catena , vol.27 , pp. 81-103
    • Modenesi-Gauttieri, M.C.1    De Toledo, M.C.M.2
  • 82
    • 0002733452 scopus 로고
    • Las formaciones vegetales de los páramos de Venezuela
    • (ed. by M.E. Monasterio), Universidad de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
    • Monasterio, M.E. (1980b) Las formaciones vegetales de los páramos de Venezuela. Estudios ecologicos en los páramos andinos (ed. by M.E. Monasterio), pp. 93-158. Universidad de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela.
    • (1980) Estudios Ecologicos en los Páramos Andinos , pp. 93-158
    • Monasterio, M.E.1
  • 84
    • 0001263796 scopus 로고
    • Eastern, extra-Amazonian Brazil
    • (ed. by D.G. Campbell and H.D. Hammond), New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York
    • Mori, S.A. (1989) Eastern, extra-Amazonian Brazil. Floristic inventory of tropical countries (ed. by D.G. Campbell and H.D. Hammond), pp. 428-454. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.
    • (1989) Floristic Inventory of Tropical Countries , pp. 428-454
    • Mori, S.A.1
  • 85
    • 0001475766 scopus 로고
    • Distribution patterns and conservation of eastern Brazilian coastal forest tree species
    • Mori, S.A., Boom, B.M. & Prance, G.T. (1981) Distribution patterns and conservation of eastern Brazilian coastal forest tree species. Brittonia, 33, 233-245.
    • (1981) Brittonia , vol.33 , pp. 233-245
    • Mori, S.A.1    Boom, B.M.2    Prance, G.T.3
  • 86
    • 12944289411 scopus 로고
    • 'Desequilíbrios ambientais' na evolução da paisagem: O Quaternário tardio no médio vale do Rio Paraiba do Sul
    • Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia/São Paulo, São Paulo
    • Moura, J.R.S. de, Mello, C.L., da Silva, T.M. & Peixoto, M.N.O. (1992) 'Desequilíbrios ambientais' na evolução da paisagem: O Quaternário tardio no médio vale do Rio Paraiba do Sul. Boletim de resumos expandidos. 37° Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, pp. 309-310. Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia/São Paulo, São Paulo.
    • (1992) Boletim de Resumos Expandidos. 37° Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia , pp. 309-310
    • De Moura, J.R.S.1    Mello, C.L.2    Da Silva, T.M.3    Peixoto, M.N.O.4
  • 88
    • 0024164896 scopus 로고
    • Threatened biotas: 'hot-spots' in tropical forests
    • Myers, N. (1988) Threatened biotas: 'hot-spots' in tropical forests. Environmentalist, 8, 187-208.
    • (1988) Environmentalist , vol.8 , pp. 187-208
    • Myers, N.1
  • 91
    • 0012875175 scopus 로고
    • Clima
    • Fundação Instituto de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro
    • Nimer, F. (1977) Clima. Geografia do Brasil. Volume 3. Região Sudeste, pp. 51-89. Fundação Instituto de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro.
    • (1977) Geografia do Brasil. Volume 3. Região Sudeste , vol.3 , pp. 51-89
    • Nimer, F.1
  • 93
    • 12944287944 scopus 로고
    • Lycopodiaceae - Diversity in neotropical montane forests
    • (ed. by H. Balslev), AAU Reports 31. Århus University Press, Århus
    • Öllgard, B. (1993) Lycopodiaceae - diversity in neotropical montane forests. Neotropical montane forests. Biodiversity and conservation (ed. by H. Balslev), pp. 73. AAU Reports 31. Århus University Press, Århus.
    • (1993) Neotropical Montane Forests. Biodiversity and Conservation , pp. 73
    • Öllgard, B.1
  • 99
    • 0002925885 scopus 로고
    • American tropical forests
    • (ed. by H. Lieth and M.J.A. Werger), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Prance, G.T. (1989) American tropical forests. Tropical rain forest ecosystems (ed. by H. Lieth and M.J.A. Werger), pp. 99-132. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1989) Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems , pp. 99-132
    • Prance, G.T.1
  • 100
    • 0013376298 scopus 로고
    • University of California Press, Berkeley
    • Price, L.W. (1981) Mountains and man. University of California Press, Berkeley.
    • (1981) Mountains and Man
    • Price, L.W.1
  • 101
    • 12944289410 scopus 로고
    • Paleogeografia dos depósitos do Grupo Barreiras da Costa do Estado de Sergipe
    • Rabelo, M.V. (1987) Paleogeografia dos depósitos do Grupo Barreiras da Costa do Estado de Sergipe. Geociências, 6, 79-100.
    • (1987) Geociências , vol.6 , pp. 79-100
    • Rabelo, M.V.1
  • 102
    • 0012168876 scopus 로고
    • O elemento andino no pinhal riograndense
    • Rambo, B. (1951) O elemento andino no pinhal riograndense. Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodriguez, 3, 7-39.
    • (1951) Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodriguez , vol.3 , pp. 7-39
    • Rambo, B.1
  • 103
    • 0006559985 scopus 로고
    • A história da flora do planalto riograndense
    • Rambo, B. (1953) A história da flora do planalto riograndense. Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodriguez, 5, 185-232.
    • (1953) Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodriguez , vol.5 , pp. 185-232
    • Rambo, B.1
  • 104
    • 0001148649 scopus 로고
    • The climate of Brazil
    • Climates of Central and South America (ed. by W. Schwerdtfegger), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Ratisbona, L.R. (1976) The climate of Brazil. Climates of Central and South America (ed. by W. Schwerdtfegger), pp. 219-288. World Survey of Climatology, Volume 12. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1976) World Survey of Climatology , vol.12 , pp. 219-288
    • Ratisbona, L.R.1
  • 105
    • 0000386783 scopus 로고
    • Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements
    • Raven, P.H. & Axelrod, D.I. (1974) Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gdns, 61, 539-673.
    • (1974) Ann. Mo. Bot. Gdns , vol.61 , pp. 539-673
    • Raven, P.H.1    Axelrod, D.I.2
  • 110
    • 0000182041 scopus 로고
    • Paleogene phytogeography and climatology of South America
    • Romero, E.J. (1986) Paleogene phytogeography and climatology of South America. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gdns, 73, 449-461.
    • (1986) Ann. Mo. Bot. Gdns , vol.73 , pp. 449-461
    • Romero, E.J.1
  • 115
    • 0004493109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brazilian páramos II. Macro- and mesoclimate of the campos de altitude and affinities with high mountain climates of the tropical Andres and Costa Rica
    • Safford, H.D. (1999a) Brazilian páramos II. Macro- and mesoclimate of the campos de altitude and affinities with high mountain climates of the tropical Andres and Costa Rica. J. Biogeogr. 26, 713-737.
    • (1999) J. Biogeogr. , vol.26 , pp. 713-737
    • Safford, H.D.1
  • 116
    • 84979302634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notas sobre a ecologia e preservação de Nothochilus coccineus (Scrophulariaceae), espécie endêmica ao Maçico do Caparaó, MG/ES, Brasil
    • Safford, H.D. (1999b) Notas sobre a ecologia e preservação de Nothochilus coccineus (Scrophulariaceae), espécie endêmica ao Maçico do Caparaó, MG/ES, Brasil. Acta Bot. Brasil, 13, 175-185.
    • (1999) Acta Bot. Brasil , vol.13 , pp. 175-185
    • Safford, H.D.1
  • 117
    • 12944250681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brazilian páramos III. Patterns and rates of postfire regeneration in the campos de altitude
    • Submitted
    • Safford, H.D. (1999c) Brazilian páramos III. Patterns and rates of postfire regeneration in the campos de altitude. Submitted to Biotropica.
    • (1999) Biotropica
    • Safford, H.D.1
  • 122
    • 0003964239 scopus 로고
    • Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral, Ministério das Minas e Energia, Brasilia
    • Schobbenhaus, C., Campos, D.A., Derze, G.R. & Asmus, H. (1984) Geologia do Brasil. Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral, Ministério das Minas e Energia, Brasilia.
    • (1984) Geologia do Brasil
    • Schobbenhaus, C.1    Campos, D.A.2    Derze, G.R.3    Asmus, H.4
  • 124
    • 0002675946 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of the Itatiaia Range, Southeastern Brazil. I. Altitudinal zonation of the vegetation
    • Segaas-Vianna, F. (1965) Ecology of the Itatiaia Range, Southeastern Brazil. I. Altitudinal zonation of the vegetation. Arqu. Mus. Nacional, LIII, 7-30.
    • (1965) Arqu. Mus. Nacional , vol.53 , pp. 7-30
    • Segaas-Vianna, F.1
  • 125
    • 0002675945 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of the Itatiaia Range, Southeastern Brazil. II. Climate and altitudinal climatic zonation
    • Segadas-Vianna, F. & Dau, L. (1965) Ecology of the Itatiaia Range, Southeastern Brazil. II. Climate and altitudinal climatic zonation. Arq. Mus. Nacional, LIII, 31-53.
    • (1965) Arq. Mus. Nacional , vol.53 , pp. 31-53
    • Segadas-Vianna, F.1    Dau, L.2
  • 126
    • 0013693286 scopus 로고
    • Editora da Universidade de Brasilia
    • Sick, H. (1984) Ornitologia Brasileira. Editora da Universidade de Brasilia.
    • (1984) Ornitologia Brasileira
    • Sick, H.1
  • 127
    • 0027871622 scopus 로고
    • High-altitude bee fauna of southeastern Brazil: Implications for biogeographic patterns
    • Silveira, F.A. & Cure, J.R. (1993) High-altitude bee fauna of southeastern Brazil: Implications for biogeographic patterns. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 28, 47-55.
    • (1993) Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment , vol.28 , pp. 47-55
    • Silveira, F.A.1    Cure, J.R.2
  • 128
    • 0000355646 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary biogeography of the high montane regions of South America
    • (ed. by W. Duellman), Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, no. 7, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence
    • Simpson, B.B. (1979) Quaternary biogeography of the high montane regions of South America. The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution, and dispersal (ed. by W. Duellman), pp. 157-188. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, no. 7, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence.
    • (1979) The South American Herpetofauna: Its Origin, Evolution, and Dispersal , pp. 157-188
    • Simpson, B.B.1
  • 129
    • 0001914122 scopus 로고
    • Introduction to tropical alpine vegetation
    • (ed. by P.W. Rundel, A.P. Smith and F.C. Meinzer), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Smith, A.P. (1994) Introduction to tropical alpine vegetation. Tropical alpine environments. Plant form and function (ed. by P.W. Rundel, A.P. Smith and F.C. Meinzer), pp. 1-19. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Tropical Alpine Environments. Plant Form and Function , pp. 1-19
    • Smith, A.P.1
  • 131
    • 0038471525 scopus 로고
    • Origins of the flora of southern Brazil
    • Smith, L.B. (1962) Origins of the flora of southern Brazil. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herbarium, 35, 215-249.
    • (1962) Contr. U.S. Nat. Herbarium , vol.35 , pp. 215-249
    • Smith, L.B.1
  • 132
    • 0008219563 scopus 로고
    • Zur Ökologie der andinen Paramoregion
    • Dr. W. Junk B.V. Publishers, Den Haag
    • Sturm, H. (1978) Zur Ökologie der andinen Paramoregion. Biogeographica Vol. 14. Dr. W. Junk B.V. Publishers, Den Haag.
    • (1978) Biogeographica , vol.14
    • Sturm, H.1
  • 133
    • 12944318774 scopus 로고
    • Suelo
    • (ed. by L.E. Mora-Osejo and H. Sturm), Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Bogota
    • Sturm, H. (1994). Suelo. Estudios ecológicos del páramo y del bosque altoandino, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Tomo I (ed. by L.E. Mora-Osejo and H. Sturm), pp. 35-46. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Bogota.
    • (1994) Estudios Ecológicos del Páramo y del Bosque Altoandino, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia , vol.1 , pp. 35-46
    • Sturm, H.1
  • 135
    • 0022163501 scopus 로고
    • Paleoambiente deposicional e diagenético do linhito da Formaçâo Caçapava, Terciário da Bacia de Taubaté, SP
    • Suguio, K., Vespucci, J.B.O. & Lima, M.R. de (1985) Paleoambiente deposicional e diagenético do linhito da Formaçâo Caçapava, Terciário da Bacia de Taubaté, SP. Geociências, 4, 23-33.
    • (1985) Geociências , vol.4 , pp. 23-33
    • Suguio, K.1    Vespucci, J.B.O.2    De Lima, M.R.3
  • 141
    • 0000833901 scopus 로고
    • Endemic areas and geographic speciation in tropical American ferns
    • Tryon, R.M. (1972) Endemic areas and geographic speciation in tropical American ferns. Biotropica, 4, 121-131.
    • (1972) Biotropica , vol.4 , pp. 121-131
    • Tryon, R.M.1
  • 143
    • 0002079717 scopus 로고
    • Development of the high Andean páramo flora and vegetation
    • (ed. by F. Vuilleumier and M. Monasrerio), Oxford Univerity Press, Oxford
    • van der Hammen, T. & Cleef, A.M. (1986). Development of the high Andean páramo flora and vegetation. High altitude tropical biogeography (ed. by F. Vuilleumier and M. Monasrerio), pp. 153-201. Oxford Univerity Press, Oxford.
    • (1986) High Altitude Tropical Biogeography , pp. 153-201
    • Van Der Hammen, T.1    Cleef, A.M.2
  • 145
    • 0002995456 scopus 로고
    • The systematics and evolution of Perezia section Perezia (Compositae)
    • Vuilleumier, B.S. (1969) The systematics and evolution of Perezia section Perezia (Compositae). Contributions from the Gray Herbarium, 199, 1-163.
    • (1969) Contributions from the Gray Herbarium , vol.199 , pp. 1-163
    • Vuilleumier, B.S.1
  • 147
    • 0030621062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of ocean heat transport on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum
    • Webb, R.S., Rind, D.H., Lehman, S.J., Healy, R.J. & Sigman, D. (1997) Influence of ocean heat transport on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature, 385, 695-699.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 695-699
    • Webb, R.S.1    Rind, D.H.2    Lehman, S.J.3    Healy, R.J.4    Sigman, D.5
  • 149
    • 12944331068 scopus 로고
    • Distribution patterns of neotropical insects with special reference to the aculeate Hymenoptera of southern South America
    • (ed. by P.E. Vanzolini and W.R. Heyer), Acaemia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro
    • Willink, A. (1988) Distribution patterns of neotropical insects with special reference to the aculeate Hymenoptera of southern South America. Proceedings from a workshop on Neotropical distribution patterns (ed. by P.E. Vanzolini and W.R. Heyer), pp. 205-221. Acaemia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro.
    • (1988) Proceedings from a Workshop on Neotropical Distribution Patterns , pp. 205-221
    • Willink, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.