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(a) For a review on fluorescent sensors and switches, see: de Silva, A. P.; Nimal Gunaratne, H. Q.; Gunnlaugsson, T.; Huxley, A. J. M.; McCoy, C. P.; Rademacher, J. T.; Rice, T. E. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1515. (b) For a review on fluorescent probes for monitoring photoinitiated polymerization processes, see: Neckers, D. C.; Jager, W. F. Chemistry & Technology of UB & EB Formulations for Coatings, Inks and Paints; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1998: Vol. 7, Chapter 3.
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De Silva, A.P.1
Nimal Gunaratne, H.Q.2
Gunnlaugsson, T.3
Huxley, A.J.M.4
McCoy, C.P.5
Rademacher, J.T.6
Rice, T.E.7
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2
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0003505854
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John Wiley and Sons: New York, Chapter 3
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(a) For a review on fluorescent sensors and switches, see: de Silva, A. P.; Nimal Gunaratne, H. Q.; Gunnlaugsson, T.; Huxley, A. J. M.; McCoy, C. P.; Rademacher, J. T.; Rice, T. E. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1515. (b) For a review on fluorescent probes for monitoring photoinitiated polymerization processes, see: Neckers, D. C.; Jager, W. F. Chemistry & Technology of UB & EB Formulations for Coatings, Inks and Paints; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1998: Vol. 7, Chapter 3.
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Jager, W.F.2
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Shea, K.J.1
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0023349016
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For an example see: van Ramensdonk, H. J.; Vos, M.; Verhoeven, J. W.; Möhlmann, G. R.; Tissink, N. A.; Meesen, A. Polymer 1987, 28, 951.
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Vos, M.2
Verhoeven, J.W.3
Möhlmann, G.R.4
Tissink, N.A.5
Meesen, A.6
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14
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12944302501
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note
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In our research group we have developed a fiber optics based fluorimeter that uses a CCD recorder that can take emission spectra in as little as 25 ms; see refs 2a and 2b.
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15
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(a) Valdez-Aguilera, O.; Pathak, C. P.; Neckers, D. C. Macromolecules 1990, 23, 689.
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Valdez-Aguilera, O.1
Pathak, C.P.2
Neckers, D.C.3
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(b) Wang, F. W.; Lowry, R. E.; Grant, W. H. Polymer 1984, 25, 690.
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Wang, F.W.1
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Grant, W.H.3
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(a) Jager, W. F.; Volkers, A. A.; Neckers, D. C. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8, 8153.
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Macromolecules
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Jager, W.F.1
Volkers, A.A.2
Neckers, D.C.3
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0031076843
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(b) Jager, W. F.; Lungu, A.; Chen, D. Y.; Neckers, D. C. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 780.
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Macromolecules
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Jager, W.F.1
Lungu, A.2
Chen, D.Y.3
Neckers, D.C.4
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Jager, W. F.; Kudasheva, D.; Neckers, D. C. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7351.
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Jager, W.F.1
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Neckers, D.C.3
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23
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0021510443
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(a) Mes, G. F.; de Jong, B.; van Ramensdonk, H. J.; Verhoeven, J. W.; Warman, J. M.; de Haas, M. P.; Horsman van den Dool, L. E. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 6524.
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Mes, G.F.1
De Jong, B.2
Van Ramensdonk, H.J.3
Verhoeven, J.W.4
Warman, J.M.5
De Haas, M.P.6
Horsman Van Den Dool, L.E.W.7
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24
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0025217882
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(b) Hermant, R. M.; Bakker, N. A. C.; Scherer, T.; Krijnen, B.; Verhoeven, J. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1214.
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Hermant, R.M.1
Bakker, N.A.C.2
Scherer, T.3
Krijnen, B.4
Verhoeven, J.W.5
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25
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12944326779
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Ph.D. Thesis, University of Amsterdam
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(c) For the use of D-σ-A probes in polymers, see: Verheij, H. J. Fluorescence Probing of Polymers. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Amsterdam, 1997.
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Fluorescence Probing of Polymers
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Verheij, H.J.1
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28
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12944278660
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For the use of DMANS as a solvatochromic probe in microheterogeneous media, see: Shin, D. M.; Whitten, D. G. J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 2944.
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J. Phys. Chem.
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Shin, D.M.1
Whitten, D.G.2
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29
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33845183682
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For the fluorescence of DMANS in various solvents, see: (a) Gruen, H.; Görner, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 7144. (b) Lippert, E.; Lüder, W.;Moll, F.; Nägele, W.; Boos, H.;Prigge, H.; Seibold-Blankenstein. Angew. Chem. 1961, 73, 695.
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Gruen, H.1
Görner, H.2
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30
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33845183682
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For the fluorescence of DMANS in various solvents, see: (a) Gruen, H.; Görner, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 7144. (b) Lippert, E.; Lüder, W.;Moll, F.; Nägele, W.; Boos, H.;Prigge, H.; Seibold-Blankenstein. Angew. Chem. 1961, 73, 695.
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Angew. Chem.
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Lippert, E.1
Lüder, W.2
Moll, F.3
Nägele, W.4
Boos, H.5
Prigge, H.6
Seibold-Blankenstein7
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31
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0031551701
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For the emission of reactive fluorescent probes and fluorescent reactants during thermal polymerizations, see: (a) Phelan, J. C.; Sung, C. S. P. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 6845. (b) Huang, X. Y.; Yu, W.; Sung, C. S. P. Macromolecules 1990, 23, 390. (c) Sung, C. S. P.; Mathisen, R. Polymer 1987, 28, 941.
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Macromolecules
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Phelan, J.C.1
Sung, C.S.P.2
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32
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0025251395
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For the emission of reactive fluorescent probes and fluorescent reactants during thermal polymerizations, see: (a) Phelan, J. C.; Sung, C. S. P. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 6845. (b) Huang, X. Y.; Yu, W.; Sung, C. S. P. Macromolecules 1990, 23, 390. (c) Sung, C. S. P.; Mathisen, R. Polymer 1987, 28, 941.
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(1990)
Macromolecules
, vol.23
, pp. 390
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Huang, X.Y.1
Yu, W.2
Sung, C.S.P.3
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33
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0023348708
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For the emission of reactive fluorescent probes and fluorescent reactants during thermal polymerizations, see: (a) Phelan, J. C.; Sung, C. S. P. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 6845. (b) Huang, X. Y.; Yu, W.; Sung, C. S. P. Macromolecules 1990, 23, 390. (c) Sung, C. S. P.; Mathisen, R. Polymer 1987, 28, 941.
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(1987)
Polymer
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, pp. 941
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Sung, C.S.P.1
Mathisen, R.2
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34
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0001238640
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Recently the incorporation of a maleimido functionalized probe during the polymerization of MMA by γ-irradiation was reported. See: Warman, J. M.; Abellon, R. D.; Verheij, H. J.; Verhoeven, J. W.; Hofstraat, J. W. J. Phys. Chem. B. 1997, 101, 4913.
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(1997)
J. Phys. Chem. B.
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Warman, J.M.1
Abellon, R.D.2
Verheij, H.J.3
Verhoeven, J.W.4
Hofstraat, J.W.5
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35
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12944327271
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Extrusion of probe molecules may lead to enrichment of nonreactive probes in those regions that polymerize later in the process
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Extrusion of probe molecules may lead to enrichment of nonreactive probes in those regions that polymerize later in the process.
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36
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12944304060
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Polymer bound fluorescent probes such as P2 and P4 will be discussed in a subsequent paper
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Polymer bound fluorescent probes such as P2 and P4 will be discussed in a subsequent paper.
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38
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12944303019
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U.S. Patent 4,957,655, Sept 18, 1990, submitted to Hoechst Celanese
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The synthesis of 2 is reported in: Garo, K.; Donald, R.; Alan, B.; Calundann, G. W.; East, A. J. U.S. Patent 4,957,655, Sept 18, 1990, submitted to Hoechst Celanese.
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Garo, K.1
Donald, R.2
Alan, B.3
Calundann, G.W.4
East, A.J.5
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39
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0029734388
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Moon, K.-J.; Shim, H.-K.; Lee, K.-S.; Zieba, J.; Prassad, P. N. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 861.
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(1996)
Macromolecules
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, pp. 861
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Moon, K.-J.1
Shim, H.-K.2
Lee, K.-S.3
Zieba, J.4
Prassad, P.N.5
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40
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12944312610
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Absorption spectra of 1-5 were almost identical. Small blue shifts, typically 2 nm for each substituent, were observed
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Absorption spectra of 1-5 were almost identical. Small blue shifts, typically 2 nm for each substituent, were observed.
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41
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12944280165
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2 + 2) in which ε is the dielectric constant and n is the optical refractive index of the solvent; see ref 11a
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2 + 2) in which ε is the dielectric constant and n is the optical refractive index of the solvent; see ref 11a.
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42
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12944327272
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The occurrence of dual emission from an ICT state and a non-CT state closely resembles the photophysics described for TICT probes; see ref 8b
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The occurrence of dual emission from an ICT state and a non-CT state closely resembles the photophysics described for TICT probes; see ref 8b.
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43
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12944319241
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5
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5.
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45
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0000508778
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(b) Trommsdorff, E.; Kohle, H.; Legally, P. Makromol. Chem. 1948, 1, 169.
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(1948)
Makromol. Chem.
, vol.1
, pp. 169
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Trommsdorff, E.1
Kohle, H.2
Legally, P.3
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46
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0000525143
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(c) Norrish, R. G. W.; Brookman, E. F. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 1939, 171, 147.
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(1939)
Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
, vol.171
, pp. 147
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Norrish, R.G.W.1
Brookman, E.F.2
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48
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12944325221
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note
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A series of polymers with chromophore contents up to 10% were obtained by copolymerization of 2 with MMA in benzene solution (experimental). A higher degree of functionalization did not decrease the molecular weight of the polymer significantly. This proves that incorporation of 2 does not terminat the polymerization and suggests an even distribution of 2 in the polymer.
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49
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12944325704
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GPC chromatograms have a bimodal shape with maxima at 50 000 and 160 000, similar to those reported for thermal polymerizations of MMA; see ref 26a
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GPC chromatograms have a bimodal shape with maxima at 50 000 and 160 000, similar to those reported for thermal polymerizations of MMA; see ref 26a.
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