Recent exposure to a dangerous context impairs extinction and reinstates lost fear reactions

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 40-55

  Morris, Richard W ^a   Furlong, Teri M ^a   Frederick Westbrook, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CONDITIONED REFLEX; FEAR; LEARNING; LONG TERM MEMORY; MALE; MOTIVATION; RAT; REINFORCEMENT; SHORT TERM MEMORY; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; TIME PERCEPTION; WISTAR RAT;

ANIMALS; ASSOCIATION LEARNING; CONDITIONING, CLASSICAL; EXTINCTION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; FEAR; MALE; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; MOTIVATION; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE; RETENTION (PSYCHOLOGY); SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; TIME PERCEPTION;

EID: 12944270303     PISSN: 00977403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0097-7403.31.1.40     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Bouton, M. E. (1984). Differential control by context in the inflation and reinstatement paradigms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10, 56-74.
2. Bouton, M. E. (1993). Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 80-99.
3. Bouton, M. E., Rosengard, C., Achenbach, G. G., & Peck, C. A. (1993). Effects of contextual conditioning and unconditioned stimulus presentation on performance in appetitive conditioning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 46(B), 63-95.
4. Cain, C. K., Blouin, A. M., & Barad, M. (2003). Temporally massed CS presentations generate more fear extinction than spaced presentations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29, 323-333.
5. Davis, M. (1970). Effects of interstimulus interval length and variability on startle-response habituation in the rat. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 72, 177-192.
6. Davis, M., & Wagner, A. R. (1968). Startle responsiveness after habituation to different intensities of tone. Psychonomic Science, 12, 337-338.
7. Davis, M., & Wagner, A. R. (1969). Habituation of startle response under incremental sequence of stimulus intensities. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 67, 486-492.
8. Fanselow, M. S. (1980). Conditional and unconditional components of post-shock freezing. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Sciences, 15, 177-182.
9. Gibbon, J., Farrell, L., Locurto, C. M., Duncan, H. J., & Terrace, H. S. (1980). Partial reinforcement in autoshaping with pigeons. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 45-59.
10. Harris, R. J. (1994). ANOVA: An analysis of variance primer. Itsac, IL: Peacock.
11. Hays, W. L. (1963). Statistics for psychologists, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
12. Holland, P. C. (1985). Conditioned inhibition in serial and simultaneous feature negative discriminations. In R. R. Miller & N. E. Spear (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Conditioned inhibition (pp. 267-297). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
13. Liang, K. C., Juler, R. G., & McGaugh, J. L. (1986). Modulating effects of posttraining epinephrine on memory: Involvement of the amygdala noradrenergic system. Brain Research, 368, 125-133.
14. McGaugh, J. L. (1989). Involvement of hormonal and neuromodulatory systems in the regulation of memory storage. Annual Review of Neuro-science, 12, 255-287.
15. Mednick, S. A., & Wild, C. (1962). Reciprocal augmentation of generalization and anxiety. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 621-626.
16. Morris, R. W., Killcross, A. S., Westbrook, R. F. (2004). Reinstatement of extinguished fear by β-adrenergic arousal elicited by a conditioned context. Manuscript submitted for publication.
17. Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes (G. V. Anrep. Trans.). New York: Dover.
18. Rescorla, R. A. (1980). Pavlovian second-order conditioning (1st ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Rescorla, R. A. (1985). Conditioned inhibition and facilitation. In R. R. Miller & N. E. Spear (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Conditioned inhibition (pp. 299-326). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Rescorla, R. A. (1988). Behavioral studies of Pavlovian conditioning. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 11, 329-352.
21. Rescorla, R. A. (2001). Experimental extinction. In R. R. Mowrer & S. B. Klein (Eds.), Handbook of contemporary learning theories (pp. 119-154). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Rescorla, R. A., & Durlach, P. J. (1987). The role of context in intertrial interval effects in autoshaping. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology; Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 39(B), 35-48.
23. Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II (pp. 64-99). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
24. Reynolds, B. (1945). Extinction of trace conditioned responses as a function of the spacing of trials during the acquisition and extinction series. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35, 81-95.
25. Scheffé, H. (1959). The analysis of variance. New York: Wiley.
26. Swartzentruber, D., & Rescorla, R. A. (1994). Modulation of trained and extinguished stimuli by facilitators and inhibitors. Animal Learning & Behavior, 22, 309-316.
27. van Stegeren, A. H., Everaerd, W., Cahill, L., McGaugh, J. L., & Gooren, L. J. G. (1998). Memory for emotional events: Differential effects of centrally versus peripherally acting beta-blocking agents. Psychopharmacology, 138, 305-310.
28. Wagner, A. R. (1978). Expectancies and the priming of STM. In S. H. Hulse, H. Fowler, & W. K. Honig (Eds.), Cognitive processes in animal behavior (pp. 177-209). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
29. Wagner, A. R. (1981). SOP: A model of automatic memory processing in animal behavior. In N. E. Spear & R. R. Miller (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Memory mechanisms (pp. 5-47). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Wagner, A. R., & Brandon, S. E. (1989). Evolution of a structured connectionist model of Pavlovian conditioning (AESOP). In S. B. Klein & R. R. Mowrer (Eds.), Contemporary learning theories: Pavlovian conditioning and the status of traditional learning theory (pp. 149-189). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Westbrook, R. F., Smith, F. J., & Charnock, D. J. (1985). The extinction of an aversion: Role of the interval between non-reinforced presentations of the averted stimulus. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 37(B), 255-273.