The Müller-Lyer illusion explained by the statistics of image-source relationships

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 102, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 1234-1239

  Howe, Catherine Q ^a   Purves, Dale ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Geometrical illusions; Natural scene statistics; Vision

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DATA BASE; GEOMETRY; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MULLER LYER EFFECT; PERCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; RETINA; VISION; VISUAL STIMULATION;

FORM PERCEPTION; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; OPTICAL ILLUSIONS; ORIENTATION; PROBABILITY; SPACE PERCEPTION; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 12844286854     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0409314102     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Müller-Lyer, F. C. (1889) Arch. Anat. Physiol. Physiol. Abt. 2, 263-270.
2. Dewar, R. E. (1967) Percept. Psychophys. 2, 426-428.
3. Earlebacher, A. & Sekuler, R. (1969) J. Exp. Psychol. 80, 462-467.
4. Gregory, R. L. (1968) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 171, 279-296.
5. Lewis, E. O. (1909) Br. J. Psychol. 3, 21-41.
6. Nakagawa, D. (1958) Psychologia 1, 167-174.
7. Post, R. B., Welch, R. B. & Caufield, K. (1998) Perception 27, 827-838.
8. Predebon, J. (1996) Perception 25, 773-781.
9. Delboeuf, J. L. R. (1892) Bulletin de l'Academie Royale Belgique 24, 545-558.
10. Bolles, R. C. (1969) Percept. Psychophys. 6, 175-176.
11. Bross, M., Blair, R. & Longtin, P. (1978) Perception 7, 297-304.
12. Bulatov, A., Bertulis, A. & Strogonov, V. (2001) Hum. Physiol. 27, 274-288.
13. Day, R. H. (1972) Science 175, 1335-1340.
14. Gregory, R. L. (1963) Nature 199, 678-680.
15. Gregory, R. L. (1966) Eye and Brain: The Psychology of Seeing (McGraw Hill, New York).
16. Griggs, R. (1974) Bull. Psychonom. Soc. 4, 168-170.
17. Morrison, L. C. (1977) Br. J. Psychol. 68, 23-27.
18. Pressey, A. W. (1967) Percept. Motor Skills 25, 569-572.
19. Skottun, B. C. (2000) Perception 29, 201-209.
20. Prinzmetal, W. & Beck, D. M. (2001) J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 27, 206-217.
21. Robinson, J. O. (1998) The Psychology of Visual Illusion (Dover, New York).
22. Rock, I. (1995) Perception (Scientific Am. Library, New York).
23. Helmholtz, H. L. F. v. (1924) Helmholtz's Treatise on Physiological Optics (Opt. Soc. Am., Rochester, NY).
24. Hershenson, M. (1999) Visual Space Perception (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).
25. Mamassian, P., Landy, M. & Maloney, L. T. (2002) in Probabilistic Models of the Brain: Perception and Neural Function, eds. Rao, R. P. N., Olshausen, B. A. & Lewicki, M. S. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), pp. 13-36.
26. Howe, C. Q. & Purves, D. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 1228-1233.
27. Howe, C. Q. & Purves, D. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 13184-13188.
28. Purves, D. & Lotto, B. (2003) Why We See What We Do: An Empirical Theory of Vision (Sinauer, Sunderland, MA).
29. Dragoi, V. & Lockhead, G. (1999) Vision Res. 39, 1657-1670.
30. Carr, H. A. (1935) An Introduction to Space Perception (Longmans, New York).
31. Pressey, A. W. (1970) Percept. Psychophys. 8, 411-412.
32. Evans, C. R. & Marsden, R. P. (1966) Br. J. Physiologic. Opt. 23, 242-248.
33. Howe, C. Q. & Purves, D. (2004) J. Cognit. Neurosci. 16, 90-102.