Test-retest reliability of measuring the passive stiffness of the Achilles tendon using ultrasonography

Isokinetics and Exercise Science

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 185-191

  Mahieu, N N ^a   Witvrouw, E ^a   Stevens, V ^a   Willems, T ^a   Vanderstraeten, G ^a   Cambier, D ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

reliability; stiffness; tendon; ultrasonography

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDON; ADULT; ARTICLE; CALCULATION; DYNAMOMETRY; ECHOGRAPHY; ELASTICITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; JOINT STIFFNESS; MALE; MUSCLE FORCE; MUSCLE ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; NORMAL HUMAN; RELIABILITY; TORQUE;

EID: 12844278871     PISSN: 09593020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/ies-2004-0172     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. R. Alexander, Elastic energy stores in running vertebrates, Amer Zool 24 (1984), 85-94.
2. R. Alexander, Elastic mechanisms in animal movement, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988.
3. D. Anthony, Understanding advanced statistics, A guide for nurses and health care researchers, Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
4. G. Atkinson, Typical error versus Limits of Agreement, Sports Med Nov 30(5) (2000), 375-381.
5. G. Atkinson and A.M. Nevill, Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine, Sports Med 26 (1998), 217-238.
6. J.V. Benedict, L.B. Walker and E.M. Harris, Stress-strain characteristics and tensile strength of unembalmed human tendon, J Biomech 1 (1968), 53-63.
7. Z. Dvir, Isokinetics. Muscle testing, interpretation and clinical applications, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1995.
8. Z. Dvir, How much is necessary to indicate a real improvement in muscle function? A review of modern methods of reproducibility analysis, Isokinetics and Exercise Science 11 (2003), 49-52.
9. J. Fleiss, The design and analysis of clinical experiments, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986, pp. 1-32.
10. T. Fukunaga, R.R. Roy, F.G. Shellock, J.A. Hodgson and V.R. Edgerton, Specific tension of human plantar flexors and dorsiflexors, J Appl Physiol 80 (1996), 158-165.
11. S. Fukashiro, M. Itoh, Y. Ichinose, Y. Kawakami and T. Fukunaga, Ultrasonography gives directly but noninvasively elastic characteristics of human tendon in vivo, Eur J Appl Physiol 71 (1995), 555-557.
12. R.L. Gajdosik, Passive extensibility of skeletal muscle: review of the literature with clinical implications, Clinical Biomechanics 16 (2001), 87-101.
13. R.I. Griffiths, Shortening of muscle fibres during stretch of the active cat medial gastrocnemius muscle: the role of tendon compliance, J Physiol 436 (1991), 219-236.
14. W.G. Hopkins, Measures of Reliability in Sports Medicine and Science, Sports Med Jul 30(1) (2000), 1-15.
15. P.A. Huijing, Elastic potential of muscle strength and power in Sport, Blackwell Sci Pub, 1992, 151-168.
16. P.A. Huijing and G.J.C. Ettema, Length-force characteristics of aponeurosis in passive muscle and during isometric and slow dynamic contractions of rat gastrocnemius muscle, Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 26 (1988/89), 51-62.
17. M. Ito, Y. Kawakami, Y. Ichinose, S. Fukashiro and T. Fukunaga, Nonisometric behavior of fascicles during isometric contractions of a human muscle, J Appl Physiol 85 (1998), 1230-1235.
18. K. Kubo, H. Akima, M. Kouzaki, M. Ito, Y. Kawakami, H. Kanehisa and T. Fukunaga, Changes in the elastic properties of tendon structures following 20 days bed-rest in humans, Eur J Appl Physiol 83 (2000), 463-468.
19. K. Kubo, H. Kanehisa, K. Azuma, M. Ishizu, S. Kuno, M. Okada and T. Fukunaga, Muscle architectural characteristics in women aged 20-79 years, Med Sci Sports Exerc 1 (2003), 39-44.
20. K. Kubo, H. Kanehisa and T. Fukunaga, Is passive stiffness in human muscles related to the elasticity of tendon structures? Eur J Appl Physiol 85 (2001), 226-232.
21. K. Kubo, H. Kanehisa and T. Fukunaga, Effect of stretching training on the viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo, J Appl Physiol 92 (2002), 595-601.
22. K. Kubo, H. Kanehisa and T. Fukunaga, Effects of transient muscle contractions and stretching on the tendon structures in vivo, Acta Physiol Scand 175 (2002), 157-164.
23. K. Kubo, H. Kanehisa, Y. Kawakami and T. Fukunaga, Elastic properties of muscle-tendon complex in long-distance runners, Eur J Appl Physiol 81 (2000), 181-187.
24. K. Kubo, H. Kanehisa, Y. Kawakami and T. Fukunaga, Effects of repeated muscle contractions on the tendon structures in humans, Eur J Appl Physiol 84 (2001), 162-166.
25. K. Kubo, H. Kanehisa, Y. Kawakami and T. Fukunaga, Influence of static stretching on viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo, J Appl Physiol 90 (2001), 520-527.
26. K. Kubo, H. Kanehisa, Y. Kawakami and T. Fukunaga, Influences of repetitive muscle contractions with different modes on tendon elasticity in vivo, J Appl Physiol 91 (2001), 277-282.
27. K. Kubo, H. Kanehisa, D. Takeshita, Y. Kawakami, S. Fukashiro and T. Fukunaga, In vivo dynamics of human medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon complex during stretch-shortening cycle exercise, Acta Physiol Scand 170 (2000), 127-135.
28. K. Kubo, Y. Kawakami and T. Fukunaga, Influence of elastic properties of tendon structures on jump performance in humans, J Appl Physiol 87 (1999), 2090-2096.
29. K. Kubo, Y. Kawakami, H. Kanehisa and T. Fukunaga, Measurement of viscoelastic properties of tendon structures in vivo, Scand J Med Sci Sports 12 (2002), 3-8.
30. C.N. Maganaris and J.P. Paul, In vivo human tendon mechanical properties, Journal of Physiology 521 (1999), 307-313.
31. C.N. Maganaris, V. Baltzopoulos and A.J. Sargeant, In vivo measurement-based estimations of human Achilles tendon moment arm, Eur J Appl Physiol 83(4-5) (2000), 363-369.
32. C.N. Maganaris and J.P. Paul, Load-elongation characteristics of in vivo human tendon and aponeurosis, The Journal of Experimental Biology 203 (2000), 751-756.
33. C.N. Maganaris, V. Baltzopoulos, D. Ball and A.J. Sargeant, In vivo specific tension of human skeletal muscle, J Appl Physiol 90 (2001), 865-872.
34. P.S. Magnusson, P. Aagaard, S. Rosager, P. Dyhre-Housen and M. Kjaer, Load-displacement properties of the human triceps surae aponeurosis in vivo, Journal of Physiology 531 (2001), 277-288.
35. P.S. Magnusson, P. Hansen, P. Aagaard, J. Brond, P. Dyhre-Poulsen and J. Bojsen-Moller, Differential strain patterns of the human gastrocnemius aponeurosis and free tendon, in vivo, Acta Physiol Scand 177 (2003), 185-195.
36. P.S. Magnusson, P. Hanssen and M. Kjaer, Tendon properties in relation to muscular activity and physical training, Scand J Med Sci Sports 13 (2003), 211-223.
37. P. Magnusson, Ultrasonography, exploration of human muscle-tendon function, Scand J Med Sci Sports 12 (2002), 1-2.
38. T. Muramatsu, M. Tetsuro, D. Takeshita , Y. Kawakami, Y. Hirano and T. Fukunaga, Mechanical properties of tendon and aponeurosis of human gastrocnemius muscle in vivo, J Appl Physiol 90 (2001), 1671-1678.
39. S.G. Rugg, R.J. Gregor, B.R. Mandelbaum and L. Chiu, In vivo moment arm calculations at the ankle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), J Biomech 23 (1990), 495-501.
40. S.H. Scott and G.E. Loeb, Mechanical properties of aponeurosis and tendon of the cat soleus muscle during whole-muscle isometric contractions, J. Morphol 224 (1995), 73-86.
41. P.E. Shrout and J.L. Fleiss, Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability, Psychol Bull 86 (1979), 420-428.
42. C.A. Smith, The warm-up procedure: to stretch or not to stretch. A brief review, JOSPT 19 (1994), 12-17.
43. C.L. Trestik and R.L. Lieber, Relationship between Achilles tendon mechanical properties and gastrocnemius muscle function, J Biomech Eng 115 (1993), 225-230.
44. A. Viidik, Adaptability of connective tissue, in: Biochemistry of esterase VI, in: B. Saltin, ed., Human Kinetics Publishers, Campaign, 1986, pp. 545-562.
45. J. Vincent, Statistics in kinesiology, 2nd Ed, Human Kinetics Books, Leeds UK, 1999.
46. J.J. Visser, J.E. Hoogkamer, M.F. Bobbert and P.A. Huijing, Length and moment arm of human leg muscles as a function knee and hip-joint angles, Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 61 (1990), 453-460.
47. S.L. Woo, M.A. Gomez, D. Amiel, M.A. Ritter, R.H. Gelberman and W.H. Akeson, The effects of exercise on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of swine digital flexor tendons, J Biomech Eng 103 (1981), 51-56.