Legal issues for realizing ubiquitous information society

Proceedings of the SICE Annual Conference

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 103-107

  Murakami, Yasujiro ^a  

^a TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Law; Privacy; RFID; Sensor network; Ubiquitous information society; Video camera

Indexed keywords

DATA ACQUISITION; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; MICROCOMPUTERS; PROBLEM SOLVING; PROJECT MANAGEMENT; SENSORS; SOCIAL ASPECTS; VIDEO CAMERAS; VOTING MACHINES;

LAW; PRIVACY; RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID); SENSOR NETWORKS; UBIQUITOUS INFORMATION SOCIETY;

INFORMATION ANALYSIS;

EID: 12744260334     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (33)

1. Mark Weiser, The Computer for the 21st Century, Scientific American, Vol. 265, pp. 94-104, 1991
2. There are many projects for Ubiquitous Computing. For example, MIT: Project Oxygen, http://www. oxygen.lcs.mit.edu; Fuji-Xerox: Palo Alto Laboratory, http://www.fxpal.com/?p=home; Hewlett Packard labs: Cool Town, http://www.cooltown.com/cooltown/index. Asp; Sakamura Laboratory: TRON Project, http://tron.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
3. There are many projects for Ubiquitous Computing. For example, MIT: Project Oxygen, http://www. oxygen.lcs.mit.edu; Fuji-Xerox: Palo Alto Laboratory, http://www.fxpal.com/?p=home; Hewlett Packard labs: Cool Town, http://www.cooltown.com/cooltown/index. Asp; Sakamura Laboratory: TRON Project, http://tron.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
4. There are many projects for Ubiquitous Computing. For example, MIT: Project Oxygen, http://www. oxygen.lcs.mit.edu; Fuji-Xerox: Palo Alto Laboratory, http://www.fxpal.com/?p=home; Hewlett Packard labs: Cool Town, http://www.cooltown.com/cooltown/index. Asp; Sakamura Laboratory: TRON Project, http://tron.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
5. There are many projects for Ubiquitous Computing. For example, MIT: Project Oxygen, http://www. oxygen.lcs.mit.edu; Fuji-Xerox: Palo Alto Laboratory, http://www.fxpal.com/?p=home; Hewlett Packard labs: Cool Town, http://www.cooltown.com/cooltown/index. Asp; Sakamura Laboratory: TRON Project, http://tron.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
6. Digital Pen System is the following. A small digital camera is built in the Pen. Writing with the Pen on the paper printed special dot pattern, handwriting data is transmitted to PC as it is. This is expected to be used in fields of medical treatment, e-learning, electronic administration, etc. See http://www.anoto.com; http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Div/jkk/solution/tegaki/index.html (in Japanese).
7. Portable Intention Confirmation Provision is a system to collect people's opinions using 2D bar codes and it is expected to be used for electronic voting.
8. See Yasujiro Murakami, Legal Problems for the Ubiquitous Information Society, SICE Annual Conference 2003, pp. 924-927, 2003.
9. Samuel Warren & Louis Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 4, pp.193, 1890.
10. Alan Westin, Privacy and Freedom, 1967.
11. See Koji Sato, The Privacy as Right, Jurist, No. 72, pp. 158-164, 1981 (in Japanese); Takeru Ehara et al., The General Study on Privacy Rights, Horitsubunkasha, 1991 (in Japanese); Fumio Shimpo, The Generation and Development of the Right to Privacy, Seibundo, 2000 (in Japanese).
12. See Koji Sato, The Privacy as Right, Jurist, No. 72, pp. 158-164, 1981 (in Japanese); Takeru Ehara et al., The General Study on Privacy Rights, Horitsubunkasha, 1991 (in Japanese); Fumio Shimpo, The Generation and Development of the Right to Privacy, Seibundo, 2000 (in Japanese).
13. See Koji Sato, The Privacy as Right, Jurist, No. 72, pp. 158-164, 1981 (in Japanese); Takeru Ehara et al., The General Study on Privacy Rights, Horitsubunkasha, 1991 (in Japanese); Fumio Shimpo, The Generation and Development of the Right to Privacy, Seibundo, 2000 (in Japanese).
14. OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data, http://www. oecd.org/document/18/0,2340,en_2649_201185_181518 6_119820_1_1_1,00.html.
15. Koji Ishimura, The Legal Regulation of Surveillance Camera, in: Juki-Net and Surveillance Society, p. 223, Nihonhyoronsha, 2003 (in Japanese).
16. Here I refered to arguments about Surveillance Camera in the world and Japan. For instance, the following are remarkable. Switzerland: Publicity for Video Surveillance by Private Person; British Columbia in Canada: Privacy Guidelines for Use of Video Surveillance Technology by Public Bodies; England: Data Protection Act 1998, etc. See Koji Ishimura, The Legislation to Regulate Surveillance Camera in Europe and America, in: Privacy Rights Movement in the World and Surveillance Society, pp. 237-262, Akashishoten, 2003 (in Japanese). In Japan, Suginami ward enacted "The Ordinance for Installation and Use of Security Camera", http://www2.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/library/file/H16_J17.pdf (in Japanese).
17. Here I refered to arguments about Surveillance Camera in the world and Japan. For instance, the following are remarkable. Switzerland: Publicity for Video Surveillance by Private Person; British Columbia in Canada: Privacy Guidelines for Use of Video Surveillance Technology by Public Bodies; England: Data Protection Act 1998, etc. See Koji Ishimura, The Legislation to Regulate Surveillance Camera in Europe and America, in: Privacy Rights Movement in the World and Surveillance Society, pp. 237-262, Akashishoten, 2003 (in Japanese). In Japan, Suginami ward enacted "The Ordinance for Installation and Use of Security Camera", http://www2.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/library/file/H16_J17.pdf (in Japanese).
18. It is desirable to obtain pictures with consent of the data subject. However it is not appropriate to require the consent, when video camera is set up for prevention of crimes.
19. The technology development concerning the sensor network has already reached at a considerable level. See e.g., Heinzelman, Chandrakasan, and Balakrishnan, Energy- efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks, HICSS 2000, pp. 4-7, 2000; Chen, Jamieson, Balakrishnan, and Morris, Span: An Energy-Efficient Coordination Algorithm for Topology Maintenance in Ad hoc Wireless Networks, MobiCom 2001, pp. 74-84, 2001; Kawahara, Minami, Morikawa, and Aoyama, Design and Implementation of a Sensor Network Node for Ubiquitous Computing Environment, VTC2003-Fall, 2003.
20. The technology development concerning the sensor network has already reached at a considerable level. See e.g., Heinzelman, Chandrakasan, and Balakrishnan, Energy- efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks, HICSS 2000, pp. 4-7, 2000; Chen, Jamieson, Balakrishnan, and Morris, Span: An Energy-Efficient Coordination Algorithm for Topology Maintenance in Ad hoc Wireless Networks, MobiCom 2001, pp. 74-84, 2001; Kawahara, Minami, Morikawa, and Aoyama, Design and Implementation of a Sensor Network Node for Ubiquitous Computing Environment, VTC2003-Fall, 2003.
21. The technology development concerning the sensor network has already reached at a considerable level. See e.g., Heinzelman, Chandrakasan, and Balakrishnan, Energy- efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks, HICSS 2000, pp. 4-7, 2000; Chen, Jamieson, Balakrishnan, and Morris, Span: An Energy-Efficient Coordination Algorithm for Topology Maintenance in Ad hoc Wireless Networks, MobiCom 2001, pp. 74-84, 2001; Kawahara, Minami, Morikawa, and Aoyama, Design and Implementation of a Sensor Network Node for Ubiquitous Computing Environment, VTC2003-Fall, 2003.
22. Murakami, supra note 5, pp. 925-926.
23. See EPCglobal, http://www.epcglobalinc.org; Ubiquitous ID Center, http://www.uidcenter.org.
24. See EPCglobal, http://www.epcglobalinc.org; Ubiquitous ID Center, http://www.uidcenter.org.
25. Takato Natsui, Smart ID and Privacy in Japan, Baker & Mackenzie Conference; Speech, pp. 1-15, http://www.bakercyberlawcentre.org/2003/Privacy_Conf /papers/Day1/Natsui.pdf; Akiko Fujimura et al., Legal Issues and Proposal to Protect Privacy in RFID, SCIS 2004, 2004 (in Japanese).
26. Takato Natsui, Smart ID and Privacy in Japan, Baker & Mackenzie Conference; Speech, pp. 1-15, http://www.bakercyberlawcentre.org/2003/Privacy_Conf /papers/Day1/Natsui.pdf; Akiko Fujimura et al., Legal Issues and Proposal to Protect Privacy in RFID, SCIS 2004, 2004 (in Japanese).
27. EPCglobal, Guidelines on EPC for Consumer Products, http://www.epcglobalinc.org/public_policy/public_policy_guidelines.html. In Japan, there are two guidelines. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Privacy Protection Guidelines for IC tag, http://www.meti.go.jp/_kohosys/press/0005035/0/040316ic.pdf (in Japanese). Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications, Final Report by Research and Study Group about Advanced Use of IC Tag in Ubiquitous Network Era, http://www. soumu.go.jp/s-news/2004/pdf/040330_6_bt26.pdf (in Japanese).
28. See Takato Natsui, Traceability System using RFID and Legal Issues, p. 6, http://www.sics.se/privacy/wholes 2004/papers/takato.pdf.
29. Marc Langheinrich, A Privacy Awareness System for Ubiquitous Computing Environments, UbiComp2002, pp. 237-245, 2002; id., Personal Privacy in Pervasive Computing, http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/slides/pvc02-t1.pdf.
30. Marc Langheinrich, A Privacy Awareness System for Ubiquitous Computing Environments, UbiComp2002, pp. 237-245, 2002; id., Personal Privacy in Pervasive Computing, http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/slides/pvc02-t1.pdf.
31. The Following are obligations of entities handling personal information database. Purpose Specification (Article 15), Use Limitation by Specified Purpose (Article 16), Proper Collection (Article 17), Purpose Notice (Article 18), Accuracy of Data Quality (Article 19), Security Safeguards (Article20), Supervision to Employee and Consignee (Article 21, 22), Limitation of Offering Third Party (Article 23), Disclosure of Items of Possession Personal Data (Article 24), Openness and Amendment (Article 25, 26).
32. Murakami, supra note 5, pp. 926.
33. See e.g. Natsui, supra note 15, p. 11.