A conceptual framework to assess the risks of human disease following exposure to pathogens

Risk Analysis

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 841-848

  Brown, Ronald ^a,b   Craun, Gunther ^a,c   Dufour, Alfred ^a,d   Eisenberg, Joe ^a,e   Foran, Jeffery ^a,f   Gauntt, Charles ^a,g   Gerba, Charles ^a,h   Haas, Charles ^a,i   Highsmith, Anita ^a,j   Irbe, Robert ^a,k   Julkunen, Päivi ^a,l   Juranek, Dennis ^a,m   LeChevallier, Mark ^a,n   Levine, Myron ^a,d   Macler, Bruce ^a,o   Murphy, Patricia ^a,p   Payment, Pierre ^a,d   Pfaender, Fred ^a,q   Regli, Stig ^a,r   Roberson, Alan ^a,d   Rose, Joan ^a,s   Schaub, Stephen ^a,f   Schiff, Gilbert ^a,t   Seed, Jennifer ^a,e   Smith, Charlotte ^a,e   Sobsey, Mark ^a,o   Spear, Robert ^a,u   Walls, Isabel ^a,f   more..

^a US Food and Drug Administration ^*

^b CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH   (United States)

^c Global Consult Environmental Health   (United States)

^d U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f ILSI Risk Science Institute   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

ⁱ DREXEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^j CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^k NutraSweet Company   (United States)

^l The Coca Cola Company   (United States)

^m American Water Voorhees   (United States)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^o UNIVERSITY OF QUEBEC   (Canada)

^p UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^q American Water Works Association   (United States)

^r UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^s James N Gamble Inst of Med Res   (United States)

^t Charlotte Smith and Associates   (United States)

^u GMA FPA   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

framework; microbial; Pathogen risk assessment

Indexed keywords

DISEASES; HEALTH RISKS; MICROORGANISMS;

CHEMICAL EXPOSURE; HEALTH EFFECTS; PATHOGENS; RISK CHARACTERIZATION;

RISK ASSESSMENT;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; EXPOSURE; HEALTH HAZARD; MICROORGANISM; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 12644265332     PISSN: 02724332     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb00835.x     Document Type: Article

References (13)

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3. G. F. Craun (ed.), Safety of Water Disinfection: Balancing Chemical and Microbial Risks (ILSI Press, Washington, D.C., 1993).
4. A. C. Moore, B. L. Herwaldt, G. F. Craun, R. L. Calderon, A. K. Highsmith, and D. D. Juranek, "Waterborne Disease in the United States, 1991 and 1992," Journal of American Water Works Association 86, 87-99 (1994).
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6. C. N. Haas, "Estimation of Risk Due to Low Doses of Microorganisms: A Comparison of Alternative Methodologies," American Journal of Epidemiology 118, 573-582 (1983).
7. S. Regli, J. B. Rose, C. N. Haas, and C. P. Gerba, "Modeling the Risk for Giardia and Viruses in Drinking Water," Journal of American Water Works Association 83, 76-84 (1991).
8. J. B. Rose, C. N. Haas and S. Regli, "Risk Assessment and Con-trol of Waterborne Giardiasis," American Journal of Public Health 81, 709-713 (1991).
9. C. N. Haas, J. B. Rose, C. P. Gerba, and S. Regli, "Risk Assessment of Virus in Drinking Water," Risk Analysis 13, 545-552 (1993).
10. M. D. Sobsey, A. P. Dufour, C. P. Gerba, M. W. LeChevallier, and P. Payment, "Using a Conceptual Framework for Assessing Risks to Health from Microbes in Drinking Water," Journal of American Water Works Association 85, 44-48 (1993).
11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-92/001, Washington, D.C. (1992).
12. A. Finkel, Confronting Uncertainty in Risk Management: A Guide for Decision Makers (Center for Risk Management, Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C., 1990).
13. NRC (National Research Council), Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1994).